這類試題的考點(diǎn)包括對生詞生義的推測、熟詞這類試題的考點(diǎn)包括對生詞生義的推測、熟詞生義的推測、有隱含意義的句子的意思，以及生義的推測、有隱含意義的句子的意思，以及對對that/it/they/them等代詞的確指對象的判斷等。等代詞的確指對象的判斷等。在高考廣東卷每年高考題中有在高考廣東卷每年高考題中有23道。道。提問方式提問方式(1)What does the underlined word “” refer to? (2)In the. paragraph, the word. means (refers to).(3)According to the passage, . probably means_.(4)The underlined phrase “”most probably means_.(5)The underlined word “” could best be replaced by _.(6)What does “” in the last two paragraphs stand for?(7) “” as used in the text means _.(8)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？解答這類試題最重要的方法是理解含生詞部分解答這類試題最重要的方法是理解含生詞部分的上下文來推測其意思。另外，注意以下小技巧：的上下文來推測其意思。另外，注意以下小技巧：(1)通過表示接近或遞進(jìn)的通過表示接近或遞進(jìn)的and或或or等來確定生詞等來確定生詞的義域，推知它的大致意義。的義域，推知它的大致意義。(2)通過生詞后的定語、表語、同位語、逗號、通過生詞后的定語、表語、同位語、逗號、括號、破折號等的解釋說明來推測其意思。括號、破折號等的解釋說明來推測其意思。(3)代詞所指代的內(nèi)容多在這一句的前、后句代詞所指代的內(nèi)容多在這一句的前、后句中中(特別是前句特別是前句)，或者前幾個(gè)句子中，找到指代，或者前幾個(gè)句子中，找到指代的內(nèi)容后把它放在那個(gè)代詞的位置上，看一看的內(nèi)容后把它放在那個(gè)代詞的位置上，看一看這句話是否合理，與前后的內(nèi)容是否一致，然這句話是否合理，與前后的內(nèi)容是否一致，然后再判定它是否為正確答案。后再判定它是否為正確答案。(4)考題中若是需要推測意思的是熟詞，我們考題中若是需要推測意思的是熟詞，我們必須通過上下文得出其在特定場合下的特殊意必須通過上下文得出其在特定場合下的特殊意思，那些常規(guī)含義的選項(xiàng)不會是要選擇的正確思，那些常規(guī)含義的選項(xiàng)不會是要選擇的正確答案。答案。1. 如何判斷指代關(guān)系如何判斷指代關(guān)系一般說來，一般說來，that, it, they, them, one等代等代詞的確指內(nèi)容是在此詞的前面，理解上下詞的確指內(nèi)容是在此詞的前面，理解上下文文(特別是上句特別是上句)的意思和本句的意思是解的意思和本句的意思是解題的關(guān)鍵。題的關(guān)鍵。分類訓(xùn)練分類訓(xùn)練(1) I regret that there are so few comfortable meeting places. Youre forced to live indoors. In Paris I go out much more, to restaurants and nightclubs. To meet friends here it usually has to be in a pub, and it can be difficult to go there alone as a woman. The cafes are not terribly nice. As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p. m. I used to use it, but now Im afraid. (廣東廣東)58. The underlined part “it” (in Para. 2) refers to_.A.a taxi B. the money C. a bomb D. public transport D(2) While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood (心情心情) of dogs. Computer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach. (福福建建)74. The underlined word “they” refers to .A.the dogsB. the trainersC. the systemsD. the researchersB (3) It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describes and analyze species. The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed up that process. (北京北京)62. In the last paragraph,” that process” means _.A. analyzing species B. creating a new toolC. collecting data D. describing speciesC(4) How can a creature weighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment?In the southwest African country of Namibia, and the Sahara lands of Mali further north, the desert elephant does just that. (湖北湖北)65. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means“ ”.A.remains in the African countriesB. drinks 120 liters of water a dayC. manages to live in desert areasD. eats 150 kilograms of food dailyC(5) The President has started using lookalikes during some public appearances. Dave is offered a chance to “serve his country” by becoming one. (全國全國)65. The underlined word “one” in the third paragraph refers to _. A. the President B. the director C. an actor D. a lookalike D2. 根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系推測根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系推測根據(jù)上下句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的根據(jù)上下句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的連接性詞語來推測詞義。連接性詞語來推測詞義。如表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞有如表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞有but, however, otherwise, though等等;表示對比關(guān)系的標(biāo)志性詞語有表示對比關(guān)系的標(biāo)志性詞語有unlike, while, on the other hand, in spite of, in contrast等；等；另外，分號也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不另外，分號也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不相干的意義。相干的意義。(1)In the first case, where we dont tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and selfrespect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerks attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our selfrespect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility. (2007廣東廣東B)48. The phrase “bringing the error to the clerks attention” means _. A. telling the truth to the clerk B. offering advice to the clerk C. asking the clerk to be more attentive D. reminding the clerk of the charged itemA (2) A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. (全國全國)74. What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean? A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests C(3) In a recently published book, I came across some exercises with interesting names such as fishbone diagrams, lotus flowers, and clustering. As I used these exercises in my classes, I noticed that students were interested. They said more and wrote more. They enjoyed expressing their ideas and sharing them in groups. They were no longer passively waiting for the bell, but actively took part in the lesson. I find that creativity (創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)新)can act as a way to increase participation and improve fluency. (江蘇江蘇)68. The underlined words “waiting for the bell” in this paragraph probably mean _.A.longing for a phone call B. hoping to have a bellC. expecting the end of the class D. wanting to speak in classC (4) Karen, grown up in a very traditional family in the western United States, maintained high moral(道德的道德的) standards throughout her youth. In 1984, at the age of 23, she married Bill. They were blessed with two children, a boy and a girl. By 1991 their love had deepened, and they were happy. Later that year, Bill developed a white spot on his tongue. He visited a doctorThe doctor suspected that he had been infected with HIV, the virus that leads to AIDS. (湖北湖北)62.The underlined part in Paragraph 1 most probably means “”.A. were lucky in havingB. were asked to adoptC. regretted havingD. gave birth toA3. 根據(jù)因果關(guān)系推測根據(jù)因果關(guān)系推測就是根據(jù)前后的因果關(guān)系來推斷其中的某個(gè)生就是根據(jù)前后的因果關(guān)系來推斷其中的某個(gè)生詞或短語的意思?？赡苁怯杀硎驹虻木湟馔圃~或短語的意思?？赡苁怯杀硎驹虻木湟馔瞥霰硎窘Y(jié)果的句子中的某個(gè)生詞或短語的意思，出表示結(jié)果的句子中的某個(gè)生詞或短語的意思，即由因推果法；也可能是由表示結(jié)果的句意推即由因推果法；也可能是由表示結(jié)果的句意推出表示原因的句子中的某個(gè)詞或短語的意思，出表示原因的句子中的某個(gè)詞或短語的意思，即由果推因法。表示因果關(guān)系的有即由果推因法。表示因果關(guān)系的有because, so that, so/suchthat等。等。(1) Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age. I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big “to do” over the younger one because shes the one who seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions. But we seldom think of how it might affect the other child. I was a little worried that Kristen would feel she was being outshined. (2005年廣東年廣東)56. The underlined expression make a big “to do” over (paragraph 4) means _.A. show much concern aboutB. have a special effect onC. list jobs to be done forD. do good things forA(2) School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U.S.A. Thats no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling that come from clothing. 1. In Paragraph 1, the word “benefits” probably means _. A. tasks B. messages C. differences D. advantagesD (3) When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white packageblue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm. (2004廣東廣東)65. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours _.A.attracted the customers strongly B. had weak effects on the customersC. tricked the customers into shopping D. caused the customers to lose interestD4. 根據(jù)下文描述推測根據(jù)下文描述推測就是由下文的闡述或描述來推測前面總述句的就是由下文的闡述或描述來推測前面總述句的意義，從而猜測出總句中的某個(gè)詞語的意思。意義，從而猜測出總句中的某個(gè)詞語的意思。(1) Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated. Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow? (2005年廣東年廣東)60. The underlined word “cultivated” (paragraph 1) roughly means _.A.encouragedB. comparedC. examinedD. developedD(2) Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves. A grown lion can easily eat 60 pounds of meat at a single feeding. Often they eat until it seems painful for them to lie down. (2006安徽閱讀安徽閱讀C)64. By describing lions as “opportunists” in the first paragraph, the author means to say that lions .A.are cruel animalsB. are clever animalsC. like to take advantage of other animalsD. like to take every chance to eatC (3) Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1,500, agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday. They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead The Worldwatch Institute, an environmental research agency, states that 100 billion plastic bags are thrown away each year in the United States alone. More than 500 billion are used yearly around the world. (2007年福建閱讀年福建閱讀B)61.The underlined word “disposable” in the passage probably means .A.acceptableB. valuableC. throwawayD. longlastingC (4) When I got back out into the street, the world seemed brandnew to me. He was something out of an ancient legend, this old craftsman with his way of speaking familiarly, his very strange, dusty felt hat, his funny accent from whoknowswhere and, above all, his pride in his craft. In such a period it is a rare comfort to find a cobbler who gets his greatest satisfaction from pride in a job well done. (2006廣東廣東)61. The sentence “He was something out of an ancient legend.” implies that_. A. nowadays you can hardly find anyone like himB. it was difficult to communicate with this manC. the man was very strangeD. the man was too oldA5. 5. 根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容推測根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容推測就是由上文的闡述或描述來，或上就是由上文的闡述或描述來，或上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，推測后面某句下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，推測后面某句話中某個(gè)生詞或短語的意義。話中某個(gè)生詞或短語的意義。(1) When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal (反常的反常的) mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area？I wanted to know. (2006廣東廣東)69. The underlined phrase “turn his back on” (paragraph 6) most probably means .A. leave for B. return to C. give up D. rely onC(2) Scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity. Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean. “The wind starts out by making little ripples (漣漣漪漪), but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves,” Taylor said. “Waves are one of natures ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.” (2005廣東廣東)65. The underlined phrase “picking up” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to _.A.starting againB. speeding upC. gatheringD. improvingC (3) When former American President Bill Clinton traveled to South Korea to visit President Kim Young Sam, he repeatedly referred to the Korean presidents wife as Mrs. Kim. By mistake, President Clintons advisers thought that Koreans have the same naming customs as the Japanese. Clinton had not been told that, in Korea, wives keep their family names. President Kim Young Sams wife was named Sohm Myong Suk. Therefore, she should be addressed (稱謂稱謂) as Mrs. Sohn. President Clinton arrived in Korea directly after leaving Japan and had not changed his culture gears. His failure to follow Korean customs gave the impression that Korea was not as important to him as Japan. (2007陜西陜西)50. The word “gears” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_.A.action plansB. naming customs C. travel maps D. thinking patternsD6. 根據(jù)后面的解釋推測根據(jù)后面的解釋推測就是根據(jù)后面的括號中、破折號后面、或就是根據(jù)后面的括號中、破折號后面、或者引號中的內(nèi)容，或者后面的定語從句，者引號中的內(nèi)容，或者后面的定語從句，以及以及namely 和和that is等后面的內(nèi)容推測生等后面的內(nèi)容推測生詞或短語的意思。詞或短語的意思。(1) The schools are reluctant to take time offeven teachers with tickets for the EnglandArgentina game had trouble getting the day off. (福建福建)59. The underlined word reluctant in the passage may probably mean_. A.kind B. unwilling C. free D. carelessB (2) And if youve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere, you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy. (全國全國)66. The underlined word “conflict” in the second letter means _. A.dependent life B. fierce fight C. bad manners D. painful feelingB(3) Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to thema form of favouritism will replace equality. (上海上海)82. The word “favouritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that _. A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs B. children from wellrespected schools tend to have good jobs C. poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success B(4) Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause changeto find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before. (重慶重慶)71. The underlined word “poetry” most probably means _. A.an object for artistic creation B. a collection of poems C. an unusual quality D. a natural scene C7. 根據(jù)同義關(guān)系推測根據(jù)同義關(guān)系推測根據(jù)生詞所處語境中的同義或近義根據(jù)生詞所處語境中的同義或近義詞的意思來推測它的意思。詞的意思來推測它的意思。(1) Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year, equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. (福建福建)64. The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means _. A.cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving outB (2) When people want to know about the weather, they usually go to their radios, TVs, newspapers, or to the Internet. However, you can also find many weather signs among wildlife, because of their highly developed senses. Drops in air pressure(壓力壓力) produce an effect on small animals in many ways. Mice and deer are good weather indicators. People who spend a lot of time outdoors have observed that, before a storm, field mice come out of their holes and run around, Deer leave high ground and come down from the mountains. (江西江西)45. The word “indicators” in paragraph I probably means .A.maps B. servicesC. signs D. stationsC (3) It is obvious that if students value highly their test scores, then a great amount of their selfrespect is put in the number. Students who perform poorly on the exam are left feeling that it is all over. The low test score, they think, will make it impossible for them to get into a good college. And without a degree from a prestigious university, they fear that many of lifes doors will remain forever closed. (2007江西江西)66. “A prestigious university” is most probably_ A. a famous university B. a technical universityC. a traditional university D. an expensive universityA (4) The researchers led by Professor Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their ownersa positive experiencetheir tails wagged energetically to the right side. When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right, but with somewhat less enthusiasm. The appears of a cat again caused a righthand side wag, although with less intensity again. (2007年年福建福建)72.The underlined word“intensity” in the passage means .A.surprise B. worryC. excitement D. interestC8. 8. 根據(jù)其它方法推測根據(jù)其它方法推測除了上述著重介紹的除了上述著重介紹的7 7種方法外，還有可種方法外，還有可以根據(jù)并列關(guān)系、同類關(guān)系、比喻關(guān)系、以根據(jù)并列關(guān)系、同類關(guān)系、比喻關(guān)系、定義關(guān)系所舉實(shí)例、構(gòu)詞法和生活常識等定義關(guān)系所舉實(shí)例、構(gòu)詞法和生活常識等多種方法。請?jiān)僮鲆韵戮毩?xí)，想想在推測多種方法。請?jiān)僮鲆韵戮毩?xí)，想想在推測的過程中運(yùn)用了什么方法：的過程中運(yùn)用了什么方法：(1) However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hourglasses, and invented waterclocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past. (2007廣東廣東A)44. The underlined phrase stately homes in paragraph 4 means_.A. stateowned houses B. houses in very good condition C. grand houses open to the public D. houses where statesmen meet regularlyC(2) Onethird of the people in the village are children, and only 60 are over the age of 65. Just under half of the married women in the village have access to modem equipments.This year 28 babies will be born. Ten people will die, 3 of them for lack of food, 1 from cancer (2004廣東廣東)62. The underlined part “have access to” (in Para. 4) means_.A. use B. buy C. produce D. try特別提醒：特別提醒：在推測生詞的過程中不一定在推測生詞的過程中不一定只用一種方法，而是綜合運(yùn)用兩種或只用一種方法，而是綜合運(yùn)用兩種或幾種方法，不管用什么方法都離不開幾種方法，不管用什么方法都離不開對生詞所處的上下文的理解。對生詞所處的上下文的理解。A