Lesson 40 Unit Review 賓語補(bǔ)足語.在句中補(bǔ)充說明賓語的成分叫做賓語補(bǔ)足語. 賓語補(bǔ)足語主要有以下形式: 1.形容詞 eg: Keep the baby warm. Dont get your clothes dirty. Grammar 注意: 形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,只用在某些動(dòng)詞之后,如 keep 保持, get 使, think 認(rèn)為, find認(rèn)為, make 使, push 推. 2.動(dòng)詞不等式 eg: Mum always tells me to study hard. 注意:動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,只用在某些動(dòng)詞之后,如tell 告訴, want 想要. wish希望, get 使, ask要求, teach 教.3.現(xiàn)在分詞. eg: I heard someone singing in the next room. Look! Can you see a boy running towards us?注意: 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,只用在某些動(dòng)詞之后,如see 看見, hear 聽見, feel 感覺, watch 看等感官動(dòng)詞.4.名詞 eg: They call him Jim. The parents named their baby Sanmao.注意:名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,只用在某些動(dòng)詞之后,如make 使得, call 稱呼, name 命名等.練練手吧: 1. Id like something new to you. A. say B. to say C. saying D. said2. I wanted your friend, but my car broke down on the way. A. meet B. meeting C. to meeting D. to meet3. The boy made his mum very . A. angry B. angryly C. angrily keys: B. D. A.賓語補(bǔ)足語某些及物動(dòng)詞要帶復(fù)合賓語。復(fù)合賓語的第一部分通常由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)，做賓語成分.第二部分表示第一部分的名詞或代詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或身份、特征等，稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語補(bǔ)足語有以下幾類。1). 由動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)。多數(shù)是帶to的不定式，也有不帶to的不定式。要求帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有tell, ask, invite, force, get, beg，allow, wish, want, like, prefer, intend, expect, encourage, advise, permit, order, warn, cause 等。 如： I would prefer you not to change your plan 我寧愿你不要改變計(jì)劃。 They encouraged me to try again 他們鼓勵(lì)我再次嘗試。某些動(dòng)詞如: think, consider, believe, know，find等后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式常用to be + adj的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：We believed him to be stupid我們認(rèn)為他很笨。He didnt consider himself (to be) important他并不認(rèn)為自己重要。他并不認(rèn)為自己重要。某些動(dòng)詞如某些動(dòng)詞如 make，have，let，see，hear，watch，notice，feel 等后作賓語等后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式不帶補(bǔ)足語的不定式不帶to。 He made us stay for tea他使我們留下來吃茶點(diǎn)。Let me introduce you to Miss Li讓我介紹你和李小姐認(rèn)識(shí)。Did you notice me leave/leaving the house 你注意到我離開了（正在離開）那房子嗎？變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),不定式符號(hào) to 必須保留如：People who wont work should be made to work必須要求不愿工作的人工作。The middle-aged man was seen to enter the building人們看見那中年男子走進(jìn)大樓。2). 由-ing形式或過去分詞充當(dāng)。當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)作由作賓語的名詞或代詞發(fā)出時(shí)，賓語補(bǔ)足語用-ing形式。如： He could hear his heart beating fast 他可以聽見自己的心臟跳得很快。 Do you smell something buring? 你聞到燒焦的氣味了嗎？當(dāng)賓語是賓語補(bǔ)足語發(fā)出的動(dòng)作對(duì)象時(shí)，賓語補(bǔ)足語用過去分詞形式。如： Youd better have the desk painted. 你最好請(qǐng)人把課桌漆一下。 Ive never heard the song sung 我從未聽見那首歌被人唱過。3).由名詞充當(dāng)。某些動(dòng)詞如 call, name, make, elect, think, find, consider, appoint 后接名詞或代詞作其賓語，再接 名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)充說明賓語的身份。 如： He made her secretary 他挑選她當(dāng)秘書。Her parents died, leaving her an orphan她父母雙亡，使她成了孤兒。They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country他們把巴黎看作國家的大腦和心臟。4). 由形容詞充當(dāng)。某些動(dòng)詞 如:make, paint, keep, find, like, want等后接名詞或代詞作賓語，再接形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)充說明賓語的狀態(tài)、特征等。有的已構(gòu)成固定詞組。如：Do you like your tea weak or strong?你喜歡把茶泡濃一點(diǎn)還是淡一點(diǎn)？You must keep the classroom clean你應(yīng)該保持教室清潔。The boy was beaten black and blue男孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。Grammar 定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞, 詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。定語從句一般都緊跟在它所修飾名詞后面，所以如果在名詞或代詞后面出現(xiàn)一個(gè)從句，根據(jù)它與前面名詞或代詞的邏輯關(guān)系來判斷是否是定語從句。關(guān)系詞有兩個(gè)作用：一. 引導(dǎo)定語從句。二. 代替先行詞在其引導(dǎo)的定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。 理解和牢記這兩條概念，弄清楚關(guān)系詞在定語從句充當(dāng)什么成分，是掌握定語從句的關(guān)鍵。 關(guān)系詞的選用 1.先行詞為all,everything,nothing等不定代詞，代替物時(shí)，定語從句用that引導(dǎo)。 注：something 后一般用which。Is there anything that you want to explain?In 1898 they declared that they believed there was something in nature which gave out radiation. 2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或only, very, none, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí)定語從句用that引導(dǎo)。 This is the only reason that I can say. This is the first step that can be taken. It is the best one that you may choose. 3.way后面的定語從句，引導(dǎo)定語從句有三種情況： a. 在比較正式的文體中用 in which； b.一般情況下用that； c. in which和that省去。 a. I was struck by the beauty of the way in which she stood. It was clear that the speaker now trusted Tom from the way in which these words were said. b. Lincoin asked the people to think of slavery in the way that these men did. Mary, there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you.c. Thats the way I looked at it. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. 4.先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí)（country, school, room), 而關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，一般用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。也可以用介詞which的結(jié)構(gòu)。值得注意的是which前介詞的選擇是根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系而定。The room where(=in which)he used to live has now been turned into a museum.The desk where(=on which)I put my bag is his.This is the school where(=in which)I joined the Party.5.先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞（year, month, day, night），而關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，一般用when引導(dǎo)定語從句。也可以用介詞which的結(jié)構(gòu)。值得注意的是which前介詞的選擇是根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系而定。在掌握第4、第5條時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意：介詞的位置變化以及相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞的變化。請(qǐng)分析下面兩個(gè)句子。 那就是他工作的大學(xué)。 at which he works. which he works at. That is the college where he works. that he works at. he works at. 它出生的那一天是1952年8月20日。 on which he was born which he was born on The day when he was born was Aug.20,1952. that he was born on he was born on