2010中考英語復(fù)習(xí)課本知識整理Unit 1-2【知識梳理】 I. 重點(diǎn)短語1 not at all 一點(diǎn)也不 2 end up最后 3 make mistakes犯錯誤 4 later on隨后 5 be afraid to 害怕 6 laugh at嘲笑 7 take note 做筆記 8 look up 查(字典) 9 make up 組成 10 get excited 感到興奮 11 to begin with 開始 12 it doesn't matter (if) (如果.)不是問題 13 change.into. 把.變成(當(dāng)成). 14 regards .as. 視.為 15 stay angry(for years).(about)(為.)生氣了(很多年) 16 go by (時間)流逝 17 decide not to do Sth 決定不做某事 18 deal with 解決 19 compare.to. 與.做比較 20 worry about 擔(dān)心. 21 break off 中斷,停止 22 try one's best 盡某人的力 23 be angry with -對.生氣 24 with the help on/of 在.的幫助下 25 keep a diary 記日記 26 working with friends 和朋友一起工作/學(xué)習(xí) 27 break off a friend ship 中斷友誼(絕交) 28 by think of a problem 通過思考問題 29 in a positive way 通過樂觀的方法/想法II. 重要句型1.one of +(the+ 形容詞最高級)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 其中之一2.see sb. / sth. doing 看見某人正在做某事 強(qiáng)調(diào)正在發(fā)生3.Its +形容詞+(for sb. ) to do sth. (對于某人來說)做某事4. it seems that.-看起來III. 重要語法² 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)² 反意疑問句【課文解析】重點(diǎn)單詞1pronounce v發(fā)音Can you pronounce these words? 你會發(fā)這些單詞的音嗎 ?(1)pronounce 不及物動詞，意為“發(fā)音”。 Pronounce your words clearly你把單詞的音發(fā)清楚。 I don't know how to pronounce the word 我不知道怎樣讀那個單詞。 (2)pronounce的名詞形式為pronunciation。 a word with two pronunciations 一個有兩種發(fā)音的單詞He speaks English fluently，but his pronunciation is poor他英語說得很流利，但他的發(fā)音不好。4afraid adj 害怕的 Are you afraid to go out alone at night? 你害怕夜晚獨(dú)自出去嗎?afraid意為“害怕的，恐怕”，在句中常作表語。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：be afraid of sth“害怕某事”be afraid to do sth“害怕做某事”be afraid+ that“恐怕”。 I am afraid of snakes我怕蛇。 He is afraid to go to Beijing by himself他害怕一個人去北京。 I'm afraid that he won't come this evening我恐怕他今天晚上不會來了。5afford v買得起，提供 This kind of computer is too expensive and I can't afford it這種電腦太貴了，我買不起。afford常用作及物動詞，意為“買(經(jīng)受)得起；給予，提供”，其后常接名詞、代詞或動詞不定式作賓語， afford后還可接雙賓語。 At last I can afford a watch我終于買得起一只手表了。 I could not afford so much money for a bicycle我出不起那么多錢買一輛自行車。 I'll afford you a chance我將給你提供一個機(jī)會。 一Do you learn English by reading aloud?一Yes1 often read aloud to practice my_(pronounce) He is _dogs，so he never keeps any of them at homeAinterested in Bafraid of Cworried about Dinteresting in The art club is for members onlyYou can't go in_ you are a member Aunless Bbecause Cif Dthough一 Listen! is Professor Johnson giving a reportn the hall?一No，it _be himHe has gone to Japan Aneedn't Bmay not Cmustn't Dcan'tWe can hardly to buy this kind of computer because it is too expensiveAoffer Bafford Cable DhaveClasses will begin in five minutes and_ _ that Arthur will be lateAI believe BI think CI am afraid DI am sure一Why do you turn down the radio? 一I'm _waking the babyAafraid of Bbusy with Ccareful for Dwilling to他在電話薄里查了一下號碼，找到了 湯姆的電話號碼。2regardas把當(dāng)作把看作Regard problems as challenges把問題看作是挑戰(zhàn)。思維拓展 regardas同義詞組有haveas把當(dāng)作”·；look onas把看作。regardas側(cè)重外部形象或主觀視覺上的評價。 We all regard him as our friend我們都把他當(dāng)作我們的朋友。 haveas側(cè)重“讓 某人當(dāng)，推選某人當(dāng)”。We have him as our monitor我們讓他當(dāng)我們的班長。look onas與regardas意思相同，側(cè)重 “把看作”。I look on him as a good friend我把他視為好友。3end up結(jié)束。告終His words ended up the class meeting他的話結(jié)束了班會。 指點(diǎn)迷津 (1)end up為動詞短語，后面可直接加名詞或動詞的一 ing形式。end up doing sth結(jié)束做某事。 They ended up travelling in Canada at the news聽到這個消息，他們結(jié)束了在加拿大的旅行。(2)end up with表示“以結(jié)束，告終”，其反義詞組為startbegin with以開始。The English party began with an English song and ended up with a wellknown piano music英語晚會一首英文歌開始，以一首著名的鋼琴曲結(jié)束。思維拓展(1)in the end“最后，終于”，相當(dāng)于at last，finally。We won in the end最后，我們?nèi)〉昧藙倮?2)to the end表示到某一終點(diǎn)為止，指地點(diǎn)，也指時間。Go down the street to the end and you will find the shop沿著這條街走到盡頭，你將會找到那個商店。(3)by the end of到為止，在以前，常與過去完成時連用。He had finished the work by the end of last month上個月底以前他就已經(jīng)完成了那項工作。(4)at the end of在末尾，在盡頭，后既可以接表示時問的名詞，也可以接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。The hospital is at the end of the road醫(yī)院就在路的盡頭。He will come to see you at the end of this month這個月底他要來看你。 4deal with處理How did you deal with the money? 你怎樣處理那些錢?(1)deal with意為“處理，解決”，為動介結(jié)構(gòu)短語，with為介詞，其后常接trouble，problem等詞。I am good at dealing with pressure我善于應(yīng)付壓力。(2)deal with還可意為“與打交道，與做買賣”，此時，主語通常是表示人、公司、商店等的名詞。My eider brother will deal with you later on我哥哥以后會來收拾你的。指點(diǎn)迷津deal with與do with二者都有“處理，對付”之意。(1)deal with側(cè)重“方式方法”，常與how連用。How are you going to deal with the TV set? 你打算怎么處理這臺電視機(jī)?(2)do with側(cè)重“對象”，往往與what搭配使用。What are you going to do with the camera you found? 你打算怎么處理你找到的那部照相機(jī)？5used to過去，過去經(jīng)常I used to get up late in the morning我過去早上起床很晚。(1)"used to+動詞原形”是英語中的一個常見的固定 結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“過去常常，以前經(jīng)?！保硎疽呀?jīng)過去的 習(xí)慣或狀態(tài)。其主要用法是：說明過去的習(xí)慣、經(jīng)常性的動作或行為狀態(tài)，說這句話 時，含有“跟現(xiàn)在不同”的含義。 In China，people used to think that Change was on the moon在中國，人們以前常常認(rèn)為嫦娥住在月球 。(事實上，現(xiàn)在人們已經(jīng)不這樣認(rèn)為了) There used to be a factory there 那兒曾有一家工廠。（暗示工廠現(xiàn)在已不存在) We used to go to the English Corner 我們過去常常去英語角。(暗指現(xiàn)在不去了) (2)used to的否定式可為used not to，也可為didn't use to。疑問句式也有兩種： Diduse to?Usedto? Didn't she use to live in Shanghai?doesnt she to live in Shanghai? 她過去不是一直住在上海嗎? Did he use to be short?Used he to be short? 他過去很矮嗎? 思維拓展 (1)be used to do sth表示“被用于做某事”。不定式表示目的，可用于各種時態(tài)。 A stamp is used to send letters郵票用來寄信件。 (2)be used to doing sth表示“已習(xí)慣于做某事”，to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞'be可用becomeget等來代替。 I am used to getting up early我已習(xí)慣于早起了。 (3)be used for doing sth意為“用于、被用來做”，介詞for所構(gòu)成的短語表示“用途”。 Knives are used for cutting things刀是用來切東西的。 (4)“be used as+名詞”意為“被用來當(dāng)作”，介詞as表示“作為”。 This room is used as a living room.這個房間被用來作起居室。 即景活用I a lot but I don't play very often nowAuse to play tennisBwas used to play tennisCam used to play tennis Dused to play tennisHe has learnt to properly with a11 kinds of complicated situationsAdo Bdeal Ctake DmakeShe often new words in the dictionaryIt's a good habitAlooks after Blooks downClooks up Dlooks out(2009錦州中考)When we practice speaking English，we often end up in ChineseAto speak Bspeaking Cspoken Dspeak1.答案：D點(diǎn)撥：used to do sth過去常常做某事(現(xiàn)在不做了)。句意為“我過去常常打網(wǎng)球，但現(xiàn)在不經(jīng)常打了”。A項結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤，B、C項使用了被動語態(tài)，不合題意，故選D。2.答案：B點(diǎn)撥：句意為：他已學(xué)會恰當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)付各種復(fù)雜局面。所以應(yīng)用do with或deal with，表示“應(yīng)付，處理”。另外，從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)看，本題的空格后沒有賓語，所以應(yīng)選不及物動詞deal，故選B。3.答案：C 點(diǎn)撥：本題考查短語的用法。look after'照顧”；look down“向下看”；look up“查找；抬頭看”；look out“當(dāng)心，注意”；句中賓語為“ new words”，故用look up最合適。4.答案：B點(diǎn)撥：end up doing sth以結(jié)束，故選B。考點(diǎn)句型1I study by working with a group我和組里的同學(xué)一起學(xué)習(xí)。(1)“by+ v一 ing形式”意為“靠做某事”。介詞by意為“通過，憑(以)”，后面常接v.-ing形式，即“by +v一 ing形式”。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示通過做某事而得到某種結(jié)果。My uncle makes a living by teaching我叔叔靠教書為生。(2)“by+v 一ing形式”結(jié)構(gòu)常用來回答How do you?或How can I?這類句子。一How do you learn English?你怎樣學(xué)英語?一I learn English by listening to cassettes我通過聽錄音帶學(xué)習(xí)英語。一How can I turn on the light?我怎么開這盞燈?一By turning this button轉(zhuǎn)這個按鈕。思維拓展 by的其他常見用法： (1)表示位置，意思是“在旁邊”“靠近”，有時可與beside換用。 The girls are dancing by(beside)the lake女孩們正在湖邊跳舞。(2)表示交通方式，意為“乘，坐”。 Mary often goes to work by bus瑪麗常坐公共汽車上班。 (3)表示時間，意思為“在以前，不遲于”。 My brother will come back by 5：00我弟弟將在5點(diǎn)前回來。 2If you don't know how to spell new words如果你不知道怎樣拼寫生詞。how to spell new words怎樣拼寫生詞。疑問句+動詞不定式短語在句中通常作賓語、主語和表語，所構(gòu)成的句子為簡單句。I don't know what to do我不知道該做什么。 How to do it is a question怎樣去做個問題。Can you tell me how to get to the post office?Can you tell me how 1 can get to the post office? 你能告訴我去郵局怎么走嗎？3I go to sleep with my bedroom light on我開著臥室的燈睡覺。(1)with my bedroom light on為介詞短語，在句子中作伴隨狀語，該結(jié)構(gòu)形式為“with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”。其中賓語補(bǔ)足語可由不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在(過去)分詞來充當(dāng)。They are singing happily with the fire burning他們在火堆旁幸福地唱著歌。The woman stood there with her hands in the pockets那個婦人站在那里，手插在口袋里。(2)on還可作形容詞，意為"工作的，開著的”，表示某種狀態(tài)在進(jìn)行。The lights in the classroom are still on交手機(jī)里的燈還亮著【中考連線】It_ that it is going to rainAseem Bseems Cseemed Dis seemed一Will you please show me Skype to talk to others?Sure，it's quite easyAhow can I use Bwhat can I useCwhat to use Dhow to useThe girl is lying on the grass，with her eyes_Aopening BopenedCto be opening DopenYou can improve your English reading more Ain Bwith Cby Dof1.答案：B點(diǎn)撥：句中的seem是個不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)，且主句的時態(tài)與從句的時態(tài)保持一致。2.答案：D點(diǎn)撥：問句意為“請你給我演示一下怎樣使用Skype和別人通話好嗎?”A項為疑問語序，故錯誤，應(yīng)選D。3.答案：D點(diǎn)撥：本題考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語的情況。應(yīng)用“with+名詞+形容詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)，這里的形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表狀態(tài)，故選D。句意為：這個小姑娘躺在草地上，睜著眼睛。4.答案：C點(diǎn)撥：表示“通過某種方式”用介詞by，故選C。詞語辨析：Yes, I have. I have just finished it.是的。我剛剛完成了。I have already finished it .我已經(jīng)完成了。Have you ever been to China?你曾經(jīng)去過中國嗎？No, I have never been there.沒有，我從來也沒有去過。 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)和表示過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀態(tài)連用如：（for + 時間段，since + 時間點(diǎn)，或過去某一動作， 以及how long ） 注：非延續(xù)性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成 時態(tài)中不能和for, since 引導(dǎo)的表示一段時間的狀語的肯定句連用。應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞 如：Buy - have die- be dead join - be inborrow - keep leave- be awayI have bought a pen. - I have had a pen for 2 weeks.The dog has died. - The dog has been dead since last week.have (has) been to + 地點(diǎn) 去過某地 已經(jīng)回來have (has) gone to + 地點(diǎn) 去了某地 沒有回來have been in + 地點(diǎn) 一直呆在某地 沒有離開過 如：She has been to Shanghai. 她去過上海。(已經(jīng)回來)She has gone to Shanghai. 她去了上海。(沒有回來)She has been in Shanghai for 2 days.她呆上海兩天了。(沒有離開過上海)² 2、反意疑問句 反意疑問句的提問部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是：助動詞(be / will / do / have ) / 情態(tài)動詞(can / could等) + 主語 肯定陳述句否定提問如：Lily is a student, isnt she? Lily will go to China, wont she? 否定陳述句肯定提問 如：She doesnt come from China, does she?You havent finished homework, have you?提問部分用代詞而不用名詞 Lily is a student, isnt she?陳述句中含有否定意義的詞，如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑問句用肯定式。 如：He knows little English, does he?他一點(diǎn)也不懂英語，不是嗎？They hardly understood it, did they? 他們幾乎不明白，不是嗎?單元測試卷一、選擇填空( )1Does your English teacher like to teach the new words _ flashcards？AmakingBby makingCto makeDon making( )2Mrs Hill feels_She thinks _grammar is a great wayAdifferent；studying Bdifferent；to studyCdifferently；studying Ddifferently；study( )3Miss Rose was _her poor familyAashaming inBashamed atCashaming forDashamed of( )4Now Mr Wang has became _expert _teaching EnglishAan; atBthe; inCa; ofD;( )5You had better keep sending the_ message to your parentsAlateBlaterClatestDearliest( )6The best method _ is _itAlearning language；to use Bto learn a language；by usingC1earning English；using Dto learn English；to use( )7_the words of songs also _me a littleAMemorizing；helpBTo memorize；helpsCMemory；helpedDMemorizing；to help( )8I watched some boys _football on the playgroundAplay theBplayedCplayingDto play the( )9The teacher was _when he heard the _newsAexcited；excitedBexciting；excitingCexcited；excitingDexciting；excited( )10Im not sure if my father will _my new fashionable friendsAfit in withBget alongCmake friendsDask for( )11The meeting was very successful，and our teacher _in EnglishAend up speakingBended speakingCended up to speakDended up speaking( )12Im afraid _that you have made _grammar of this sentenceAto say；a mistakeBsaying；mistakes inCto say；a mistake inDsaying；mistakes to( )13This story is a bit too difficult for us_ read something easier？AWhy notBWhy not to CWhy not youDWhy dont( )1 4Wu Chang studies English by _English language TVAseeingBlookingCto watchDwatching( )1 5The twins are talking about _flashcards nowAmakeBmakingCto makeDmade二、完形填空AThousands of years ago，there were no last namesPeople lived in small villagesThey didnt 16 see people from other places，so a first name was17 The Chinese were the first to use 18 namesThey used these names to honor family members from the pastIn China，the family name comes 19 About 1 000 years ago，people started 20 last names in EnglandSome of these names， such as Carpenter and Baker，came 21 the jobs people didSome told where the person 22 These included Forest，Hill and LakeSome last names described family membersFamilies took names like Long，Short，Rich，23 WiseIn some places a last name included the fathers first nameIn Sweden they added 24 to make the names Johnson and EriksonIn the same way，people in Scotland were 25 names like MacDonald and McCake( )16AoftenBalwaysCeverDusually( )17AgoodBenoughCwellDnice( )18AsecondBfirstClastDfull( )19AlastBfirstCsecondDthird( )20AuseBusedCusesDusing( )21AfromBtoConDfor( )22AliveBlivingClivesDlived( )23AandBbutCorDfor( )24AmotherBsonCfatherDdaughter( )25AgivenBgivingCgiveDto give ( )34Aaway fromBaheadCin front Dbehind( )35Aall rightBwellCslowlyDwrong三、閱讀理解AOne night there was a heavy snow and in the morning，MrSmiths garden was full of deep snowMrSmith wanted to take his car out，so he paid a man to clear the road from his small room for keeping his car to the gateHe said to the man，“Dont throw any snow on this side，because it will break the young trees，and dont throw any on the other side because it will cover the flowersAnd dont throw any into the street，or the police will be angry”Then MrSmith went outWhen he came back，the road was clear and the snow from the road was not on the trees or the flowers，or the streetMrSmith was very pleased until he opened the room to get his car out! The room was full of snow，and his car was somewhere under it all( )36What does Mr. Smith want to do that morning？ ADo some cleaning BClear the snowCTake his car out of the snowDDrive his car( )37Why did a man help Mr. Smith to clean the road？AHe was Mr. Smiths friendBHe was Mr. Smiths servant CHe got some money from Mr. SmithDHe wanted to do something good for others( )38Whats on both sides of the road？ATall trees and young trees BNothing but flowersCSome young trees and flowers DSome young trees( )39When was Mr.Smith very happy that morning？ABefore he opened the small room to take his car outBBefore he saw the clear streetCWhen the man told him what he had done DWhen he drove his car( )40Why couldnt Mr.Smith get his car out？ABecause the car was brokenBBecause the car was covered by much snowCBecause the room was full of snowDBecause he didnt know where his car wasBTwo women on a train were arguingAt last one of them called the conductorShe said，“If this window is open，I will catch coldAnd Ill probably die”The other woman said，“But if this window is shut，I will dieI will feel difficulty in breathing”The conductor didnt know what to doA man had been listening all the timeHe said he had an idea“First open the windowThat will kill one”he said，“Next shut itThat will kill the other，then we can have peace”( )41How did a man help the conductor？AHe told the conductor to open the windowBHe told the conductor to shut the windowCHe told the conductor to drive out the two arguing womenDHe told the conductor to first open the window and then shut it so that the two arguing women would die( )42What did the man really mean？AHe really meant to kill the two womenBHe was really making fun of the two womenCHe was really making a fool of the conductorDHe wanted to show that he was cleverer than the conductor( )43This story happened_Aon a trainBon a shipCon a busDon a plane( )44Which one is not right？AOne woman wanted to open the windowBOne woman wanted to shut the windowCEither open the window or shut the window，and one of the two women would dieDThe conductor didnt know how to stop the argument( )45This story tells us that_Awe should open the windows on a trainBwe should shut the windows on a turinCwe should help the conductor on a trainDwe should be polite and peaceful on a trainCAn old man died and left his son a lot of moneyBut the son didnt work hard and he quickly spent all the money，so that soon he had nothing leftOf course，when that happened，all his friends left himWhen he was quite poor and alone，he went to see Nasreddin，the kind，clever old man who often helped people when they had troubles“My money has finished and my friends have gone，”said the young man“What will happen to me now？”“Dont worry，young man，”answered Nasreddin“Everything will soon be all right againWait，and you will soon feel much happier” The young man was very glad“Am I going to get rich again then？”he asked Nasreddin“No，I didnt mean that，”said the old man“I meant that you would soon like to be poor and have no friends”根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~46An old man left his son lots of money after he d4647The son didnt like working hard，so he spent his f47 money very soon48Of course his friends left him when the things h4849Then Nasreddin told him not to worry about that and everything w49 be OK50At last the young didnt understand the old mans w50四、閱讀填詞Americans e51 breakfast and l52 quickly unless it is a social business or family occasionThe evening meal is usually l53and a time for families to gather t54Rushing through daytime meals is part of the fast pace inA55Another reason for rushing through daytime meals is that many people eat in restaurants that are usually crowded with people waiting f56 a place so that they can be served and r57 to work at the proper timeSo each one hurries tom58 room for the next personwith busy people everywhere there is a real difference with meals that are eaten in a h59 and those that can be enjoyed s60 with friends51 e52l53l54t55A56f57r58m59h60s五、書面表達(dá) 61根據(jù)文中設(shè)置的情景，寫出一篇不少于70個詞的短文，要求語法正確，意思連貫。提示：昨天天氣很好，李磊和林濤去了公園，他們過橋的時候看見一個小男孩掉進(jìn)了河里，他們是怎么做的呢？ _ 參考答案1B2C3D4A5C6B7B8C9C10A11D12C13A14D15B16A此處為“不?！敝?。17B18C與第一段出現(xiàn)的last names呼應(yīng)。19B中國人的姓名出現(xiàn)在某些方面最前面。bikeWhen they crossed the bridge，they saw a boy fall into the river and heard the calling“Help”Both of them jumped into the river at once，they pulled him out of the water and helped him put on a dry coatThey didnt visit the park that day，but they felt very happyDo you know why？