2010中考英語復習課本知識整理八年級下Unit 1 Will people have robots?【知識梳理】 I. 重點短語1 There will be 將會有2 There is going to be +單數將會有3 There are going to be+復數. 將會有4 Study at home on computers 在家里的電腦上學習5 in 100 years=100 years from now 100年后6 Everything will be free 一切將免費7 on paper 紙上8 live to beyears old 活到.歲9 in the future 將來10 less pollution 較少的污染11 free time 空閑時間12 on a space station 在太空站13 fall in love with 愛上.14 Olympic Games 奧林匹克15 come true 實現16 look smart 看起來時髦17 for the first time 第一次18 more than 比多， 超過。19 less than 少于,不到.20 at least 至少21 work for. 為工作, 效力于22 far away (from) 離很遠23 be able to 能夠24 hundreds of 大量，許多, 好幾百25 thousands of 數以千計的, 好幾千26 the World Cup 世界杯27 fewer people 較少的人 28 use the subways less 更少用地鐵29 be crowded 擁擠的30 Cities will be big and crowded. 城市將會變得大而擁擠31 uncountable nouns 不可數名詞32 be in high school 在讀高中33 be in college 在讀大學34 What sport will she play? 她將會做什么運動？35 the city of tomorrow 未來的城市36 tall buildings 高樓37 live in an apartment 住在公寓里38 fly rockets to the moon 發(fā)射火箭到月亮上39 as a reporter 作為一名記者40 I dont like living alone 我不喜歡一個人住41 keep a pet parrot 養(yǎng)一只鸚鵡作為寵物42 wear a suit 穿一套制服43 dress more casually 穿得更隨意44 go to .on vacation 去度假45 fly to the moon for vacations 去月亮上度假46 Predicting the future can be difficult 預測將來是困難的II. 重要句型1. Will there be less pollution? No, there wont. 2. There will be more pollution. 3. Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. 4. Kids wont go to school. Kids will study at home on computers.III. 交際用語People will have robots in their homes.There will be less pollution.There will be fewer trees. IV. 重要語法1. 表數量多少的比較級的使用：fewer, less. 2. 使用“will / wont動詞原形”表示對未來的預測。學習一般將來時的正確表達。 【課文解析】 1. Will people use money in 100years? 一百年后人們還會使用錢幣嗎？1) money 金錢；貨幣 eg What's the money? 價錢是多少?paper money 紙幣；鈔票2) in 100 years 在100年之后“in+一段時間”常用在將來時態(tài)中eg I'll come in an hour. 我一小時后來。I'll see you again in three days. 三天后我再見你。2. There will be less leisure time空閑時間會更少。1) less 形容詞：較少的(是little的比較級)，修飾不可數名詞，其最高級是least；反義詞是more。eg Jane's less beautiful than Mary. 簡不如瑪麗漂亮。Five is less than six 5比6少。2) leisure time 空閑時間egWhat do you do in your leisure time? 你空閑時間做些什么？3. I think there will be more pollution 我認為將會有更多的污染產生。1) think后跟的是賓語從句，且賓語從句是there be句型的一般將來時，結構為“there will be+物+其他成分”。eg I think it will rain tomorrow. 我認為明天會下雨。I think there will be fewer trees. 我認為將來樹木會更少。 2) pollution表示“污染”，用作不可數名詞。例如：They did a lot to stop water pollution他們采取大量措施制止水污染。4. I don't agree 我不同意。agree在本句中作動詞，I don't agree是一句交際用語，表示“不贊成某人或某人的觀點”，如果表贊成，則為I agree。1) 表示“同意某人意見”時用agree with sb，該短語不能用于被動語態(tài)。eg Did you agree with him? 你同意他的意見嗎?I don't agree with what she said 我不同意她所說的。厭做某事”。egHe hated flowers. 他討厭花朵。I hate swimming in the lake. 我討厭在那個湖里游泳。8. I'll probably go skating and swimming every day. 我會每天都去滑冰和游泳。1)go doing sth. 結構，表示“去做 go skating 去滑冰go swimming去游泳go shopping去買東西 go fishing 去釣魚 go boating 去劃船egMy father goes fishing every week 我爸爸每周都去釣魚。I like going skating我喜歡去滑冰。2) every day與everyday區(qū)別：every day表示“每天”，通常與一般現在時連用；而everyday表示“日常的，每天發(fā)生的，每日所用的”，是形容詞。例如：I get up at six every day. 我每天6點起床。He wears everyday clothes today今天他穿一身便服。9. During the week Ill look smart，and probably will wear a suit在工作日里，我會看上去很精神，也許會穿一身套裝。1) during表示“在期間”，during the week是介詞短語，意為“在工作日里”。 egThe sun gives us light during the day. 太陽在白天給我們陽光。He fell asleep during the lesson. 他在上課時睡著了。2) look表示“看上去”，用作連系動詞，其后接形容詞作表語。egThat dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起來很危險。You look very beautiful today. 今天你看上去很漂亮。3) wear表示“穿”，表示狀態(tài)，用一般現在時表示經常狀態(tài)，用現在進行時表示暫時狀態(tài)。egWe wear our rain boots on a rainy day. 我們在下雨天穿雨鞋。She is wearing a new coat 她穿著一件新衣服。Does he wear glasses? 她戴眼鏡嗎？put on是“穿上”，“戴上”的意思，強調動作。egShe put on a red coat and went out. 她穿上紅色大衣出去了。 注意：put on是一時的動作，不能跟表示一段時間的狀語連用。他整天戴著草帽。 誤：He puts on a hat all day. 正：He wears a hat all day. 10. I'll go to Hong Kong on vacation 我會去香港度假。on vacation意為“在度假”，on表示“處于狀態(tài)中”。eg He will go to Hangzhou on vacation他要到杭州度假。My father will be away on business tomorrow我爸爸明天要出差。11. What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 你認為明天的天氣怎樣?1) What's the weather like? 是詢問天氣怎么樣，相當于How is the weather？What be like?可以用來征求對方對某事的看法或意見，意思是“怎么樣?” 類似的說法還有What do you think of? How do you like?等句型。egWhat is the book like? What do you think of the book?How do you like the book? 你覺得這本書怎么樣?What's the weather like today?How is the weather today? 今天天氣怎么樣?2) What isare1ike? 可用來提問天氣情況，也可用來對人(或物)的外觀、外貌提問，還可以用來對其特性提問。egWhat's the weather like today? 今天天氣怎么樣?What's the young girl like? 那個年輕女孩長什么樣?What was the book like? 那本書怎么樣?12. There were many famous predictions that never came true(過去)有許多從沒成為現實。著名的預測1) 本句中that never came true是個定語從句，用于修飾先行詞predictions，that為引導詞，作定語從句的主語，不可省略。2) come true指“理想，夢想等實現”。come是連系動詞；true是形容詞，做連系動詞come的表語。egMy dream will come true someday. 有一天我的夢想會實現。Her dream to go to university has come true 她上大學的愿望實現了。語法講解：一、一般將來時1用be doing表示將來：主要意義是表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，常用于位置轉移的動詞。如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他動作動詞。We are having fish for dinner.We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 這種用法通常帶有表示將來的時間狀語，如果不帶時間狀語，則根據上下文可表示2. 動詞be單復數形式要跟there be之后的真正的主語一致。并且要根據就近一致原則來變換be的單復數形式。如There is a book on the desk. 課桌上有一本書。 How many people are there in the city? 這個城市里有多少人口？ There is a pen and two books on the desk.課桌上有一個鋼筆和兩本書。 There are two books and a pen on the desk.課桌上有兩本書和一個鋼筆。 There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有一些學生和一位老師。 There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.教室里有一位老師和一些學生。 3. 在therebe引起的句子結構中，用來修飾主語的不定式主動形式和被動形式均可。 There is no time to lose (=to be lost). 時間緊迫。 There is nothing to see (=to be seen). 看不見有什么。 There is nothing to do. (=to be done)無事可做。 4、There is no doing.(口語)不可能.There is no telling when he will be back. 無法知道他什么時候回來。There is no knowing what he is doing. 無法知道他在做什么?！镜湫屠}解析】例1 Are you _ your winter holiday next week?A. going to have B. will have C. had D. have解析 next week意思是：下一周，很顯然應該用將來時態(tài)。will have雖然是將來時態(tài)，但題干中有are，所以應該用be going to結構。答案 ( A )例2 There _ a fashion show in my home town tomorrow evening.A. will have B. is C. will be D. is going to正解 C錯因分析 這是因為沒有掌握好there be句型的將來時態(tài)的結構。There be句型的將來時態(tài)的結構是：There is going to be 或There will be這里面的be不能用have。have的執(zhí)行者（或主語）是人。例3 He is happy that he _in a tall apartment next year.A. live B. lives C. will live D. will living正解 C錯因分析 這是在學習的過程中沒有牢固掌握將來時的結構，將來時態(tài)的結構是：will+ do ，即will 后面跟動詞原形，living是現在分詞結構，不是動詞原形。例4.(2008年遵義市)All the _ a few _ taken with the welcoming groups. A. heros, photoes B. heros, photos C. heroes, photos【析】本題考查以o結尾的名詞單數變復數。以o結尾的名詞單數變復數有兩種情況，一是有生命的名詞加es，無生命的名詞變復數加s。中學階段只有四個單詞加es?？筛鶕旅婵谠E記憶：英雄(hero)和黑人(negro)愛吃西紅柿tomato)和土豆(potato)。答案 C單元測試卷一、單項填空1Do you think _more cars?Yes，there willAwill there beBare thereCthere will beDthey will2I will fly to the moon for vacation _Ain twenty yearsBafter twenty yearsCtwenty years agoDtwenty years before3I think Brazil will _in the next World CupAwin FranceBbeat FranceCbeat the World CupDlose France4I cant find my pen一It _in your pencil-boxAmayBmaybeCbeDmay be5There will be less _in the futureApeopleBtreesCcountriesDwater6I think people will live on the moon_I dont think people can live thereAI think soBYes，they willCI disagreeDIm sure7I think I will go to Hong Kong _vacationAinBonCatDwith8The English novel is quite easy for youThere are _ new words in itAa 1ittleB1ittleCa fewDfew9Tomorrow David will have an important meeting，so he will_a suitAwearBput onCdressD in10Hurry upIts time to leaveOK_AIm comingBIll comeCIve comeDI come11_will your grandfather be back to the office?In half an hourAHow oftenBHow longCHow farDHow soon12There _an English competition in the school this afternoonAis going to haveBis goingCis going to beDis13In many countries，there are already a lot of robots _in factoriesAworkingBworkCare workingDto work14I want to know _Awhen do they finish the workBwhen will they finish the workCwhen they will finish the workDwhen he finish the work15In Japan，many scientists have already made robots _Ato walkBwalkingCwalkare walking二、完形填空There are robots all around usSome do very 1 as like flying airplanes and driving subway trainsAnd some do simple jobsWhen an automatic(自動的)washing machine 2，water goes inThe machine waits until the water is hot3 washing the clothesIt does this by“feedback(反饋)”Information about whats happening is “feedback” into the robot to tell it 4 nextOur eyes，ears and other senses (感官) are our feedbackThey tell us5around usSo robots are like people in 6 waysThey work and they have feedbackBut 7 robots look like people Many are hidden awayRobots control (控制) the temperature of our houses，our cookers and our hot water systemsWe can set the controls to the temperature we wantThe robot does 8Its feedback usually comes from a thermostat (自動調溫器)One kind of thermostat is a strip(條帶)of metal(金屬)，which bends when it gets hotAt the right temperature，it bends just enough 9 a switchThis turns off the heatAs the air around it gets 10，the metal gets straight，and this turns the heat on again1AeasyBsimpleCdifferentD difficult2Ais switched on(打開)Bis switchedCis switchingDswitches on3AafterBbeforeCas soon asDwhile4Ahow to doB what to doCwhat to do itD to do what5Awhat will happenB whats happeningCto happen whatDsomething will happen6AsomeBanyCtwoDthree7AmanyBa lot ofCvery fewDa little8AsomethingBsomething other thingsChalf the workDthe rest9Ato workB workingCto workingDworks10AcoldBhotCcoo1Dwarm三、閱讀理解AOne day a little boy came into a shopHe had five pence and wanted to buy some pears“Please give me pears for five pence，”he said to the shop assistantWhen the shop assistant gave him the pears，the boy counted themThen he said，“Last week my mother bought pears here for five pence， and she got more than I have got todayWhy did you give me so few?”“Dont ask questions，my boy， I have no time for questions”“But?”said the little boy“Its all right，my boy，”said the assistant，“Dont you understand? The fewer pears you get， the less fruit you will have to carry”“All right，”said the boyThen he put four pence on the counter and was going to leave“Come back！You must give me five pence”The shop assistant shouted“Thats all right，”said the boy，“Dont you understand? The fewer pence you get，the less money you will have to count”1Last week the boys mother bought pears here_Afor four penceBfor five penceCfor more money than the boy didDfor less money than the boy did2The boy thought_Ahe should get one more pearBhe should get fewer pears than the assistant gave himChe got fewer pears than his motherDhe got more pears than his mother3The shop assistant thought the boy_Awas stupidB was troublesomeCshould get fewer pears than his motherDwas too young to carry the pears4The boy thought the assistant_Abullied(欺負)the childrenBcould not countCcould not understand what he saidDwas too busy to count the money5According to the passage，the boy_Awas nimble(思維敏捷的)Bwas mean(吝嗇的)C bothered about trifling matters(斤斤計較的)Dwas inconceivable(不可思議的)BOn October 12，2005，China launched its second manned spaceship，Shenzhou VI，sending two spacemen into spaceIt was the second time that our country had sent up manned spaceship after Shenzhou VChina has become the third country to send people to space after Russia and the USAShenzhou VI lifted off on a Long March 2F rocket from Jiuquan，Gansu ProvinceTwo spacemen Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng traveled around the earth 80 times in 115 hours and thirty-two minutes and landed safely in the Inner Mongolian grasslands on October 17,2005The spaceship has three modules(飛船艙)：the orbital module where scientific experiments(實驗) like testing space foods and drinks are done；the reentry capsule(軌道艙)where the spacemen spent most of their time and the service module，which has fuel(燃料)，air and other technical equipment(技術設備)in itUnlike Yang Liweis space trip two years ago， Fei and Nie went up and down between the modules for scientific experimentsFor the first time，they took off their space suits and moved around in the modules freelyFrom space，Fei and Nie could make long distance calls to their families at the launch centreNies daughter even sang “Happy Birthday” to her Dad during the phone callIt is said that our country will launch Shenzhou VII in 2007The plan for Shenzhou VII 四、根據句意及首字母提示補全單詞1Exercise more and eat l_ junk food，and you will be healthy2I think there will be less p_ in the future3The teacher wants to hear everyones p_ about the future4His friend Mary k_ a pet pig in her house5They live in a big a_ near the beautiful lake6Last summer Peter and his parents f_ to Australia for their vacation7Yang Liwei is the first Chinese a_ who went into space8D_ the week，I will look smart and will be very busy9Robots wont get b_even if they do the same job over and over again10Nobody knows what will h_in the future五、用所給單詞的適當形式填空1Im sure there_(be) robots in our homes in the future2He is a nice boyHe always_(get) to school early3It often_(rain) in summer in South China4Computers，space rockets and even electric toothbrushes _ (seem ) impossible a hundred years ago5They are_(try) to make the streets cleaner6Its a nice day_we_ (go) out for a walk?7Leave the old bread in the gardenThe birds _ (eat) it8Yesterday she_(be)in ParisTomorrow she_(be) in London9Do you think Diana_(phone)us tonight?10It is very difficult for a robot_(do)the same things as a person does六、單句改錯1 Its impossible to prediction who will win_2There will have a meeting tomorrow_He will be a teacher after a year_Will they play football after school? Yes，theyll_5There are different kind of books in the library_七、從A欄中選出B欄的合適答語AANo，there wontThere will be more and more studentsBI think soPeople will have bigger places to live inCYes，there willThe population will be smallDCertainlyAir will be cleaner and cleanerEYes，there willPeople will use them in everyday lifeFNo，there wontIt will be warmerB( )1Will there be more snow in 50 years?( )2Will there be fewer people in 1 00 years?( )3Will there be more computers in 10 years?( )4Will there be fewer schools in 20 years?( )5Will there be less pollution in 200 years?( )6Will there be more houses in 30 years?八、句型轉換1I think they will go to the cinema the day after tomorrow(改為否定句)I they _ go to the cinema the day after tomorrow2Toms sister came back home five days ago(用in five days改寫) Toms sister in five days3I think Jenny will be a doctor in the future(就畫線部分提問)What_ Jenny in the future?4There isnt enough time left for us to finish the work(用tomorrow改寫)There for us the work tomorrow5Predicting the future can be difficult(改為同義句) difficult the future上”，所以用I disagree表示不同意對方的觀點。7B提示：go toon vacation意為“去度假”。8D提示：前一句提到“這本英文小說對于你來說很容易”，因此后一句說“這里面幾乎沒有生詞”，words是可數名詞，所以用few修飾。9A提示：表示“穿(衣服)”可以用put on和wear，這里不是表示“穿上”這個動作，而是“穿著”的狀態(tài)，所以不用put on，用wear。10A 提示：Im coming意為“我這就來”，用現在進行時表示將來。11D 提示：在一般將來時里對“in(一段時間)”提問用How soon，意為“多久以后”。12C提示：There be句型的將來時為There will be或者There is going to be。13A提示：在There be句型里如果出現動詞修飾主語的話，一般把動詞加-ing變成動名詞，整個句型為There be+主語+doing sth。14C提示：本句是一個賓語從句，要用陳述語序。15C提示：make sbdo sth“使某人做某事”。二、1D 提示：根據這一句和下一句話，有的機器人做簡單容易的工作，有的做很難的工作。2A提示：洗衣機“被”打開，因此用被動語態(tài)is switched on。3B提示：在洗衣服之前，洗衣機會一直等，直到水熱了以后才開始洗。4B提示：反饋信息告訴機器人下一步應該做什么。5B提示：我們的感官會告訴我們周圍正在發(fā)生的事情。6C提示：根據后面一句，機器人可以工作，可以反饋信息，這是和人相似的兩個方面。7C 提示：幾乎沒有機器人長得像人。8D提示：前一句說我們只要設定好想要的溫度，剩下的(the rest)工作都由機器人來做。 9A提示：金屬條會彎到足夠的程度來運轉開關。Enoughto do sth“足夠(做某事)”。10C提示：金屬條變彎后把加熱器關掉，當周圍的空氣變涼(cool)以后，金屬條又變直，使加熱器打開，這種恒溫機制就是這樣運作的。三、1B 2C3B提示：從第一段最后一句“我沒時間回答問題”，可以看出售貨員覺得男孩很麻煩。4A提示：從文章后半部分可以看出男孩覺得售貨欺負他人小。5A提示：男孩在這么短的時間里就說出了對付售貨員的話，可見他的思維很敏捷。6B提示：由第一段最后一句知：到目前為止，中國、俄羅斯、美國三國已發(fā)射了人造飛船。故本題選B。7B提示：由第二段知：費俊龍和聶海勝環(huán)地球80次用了115小時32分鐘，約5天。故本題選B。8B提示：由第三段知：宇宙員在軌道艙吃飯、喝水。故本題選B。9B提示：由第三段知：服務艙里有燃料、空氣和其他技術設備。故B項錯誤。故本題選B。10B提示：由全文知：神舟五號飛船環(huán)球旅行，然后被發(fā)射到太空，然后升入太空的人脫下太空服在艙內移動，最后是神州六號在內蒙古大草原著陸。因此順序為，故本題選B。四、11ess 提示：eat less junk food意為“少吃垃圾食品”。2pollution3prediction(s)提示：句意是“老師想聽聽每個人對于未來的預測”。4keeps 提示：keep a pet“養(yǎng)寵物”，這里Mary是第三人稱單數，所以用keeps。5apartment6flew 提示：fly to“坐飛機到”，這里用般過去時。7Astronaut提示：句意為“楊利偉是第個進入太空的中國宇航員”。8During9Bored提示：句意為“機器人反復做同樣的工作也不會厭煩”。10Happen提示：句意為“沒人知道將來會發(fā)生什么事”。九、One possible version：I like EnglishI want to be an English teacher in ten yearsIll teach my students as well as possibleIll give my lessons in as much English as I canIll try my best to make my lessons lively and interesting Besides， students like listening to storiesSo Ill try often to tell my students stories in English，so that theyll be interested in English and it can improve their listeningI believe that I can become a good teacher