第 5 5 講短文填空短文填空是中考中一個難度比較大的題型。它所涉及的知識面廣，靈活性高，綜合性也很強。它不僅考查考生在詞匯、語法和習慣用法等方面的基礎知識，還考查考生理解、推導、分析等綜合能力。從表面上看它是考查考生對單詞的辨認能力，而實質(zhì)上它既考查了考生掌握單詞的數(shù)量及準確性，又考查了他們對上下文以及詞義的理解和判斷能力，由此考查考生的知識記憶與再現(xiàn)能力。一、解題步驟1跳跳過空格，通讀短文，了解大意。過空格，通讀短文，了解大意。解題時先跳過空格，通讀短文，了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨。要重視首句，善于以首句的時態(tài)、語氣為立足點，理清文脈，推測全文時態(tài)、主題及大意。在通讀過程中，若能夠想到應該填什么的可以先直接填上，但后面要檢查核對。2復復讀短文，確定語義，判斷詞形。讀短文，確定語義，判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認真復讀短文，利用上下文的語境，結合所學過的知識，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義，再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。3三三讀短文，上下參照，驗證答案。讀短文，上下參照，驗證答案。在短文的空白處分別填上一個詞后，將完成的短文再細讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考?？蓮纳舷挛膬?nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章，語法結構是否正確無誤等方面進行綜合驗證，凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。二、解題技巧做好短文填空題要求考生具備扎實的語法基礎、理解文章大意和主旨的能力，牢固掌握英語的習慣用法和固定搭配，熟記英語單詞的拼寫。做短文填空時可從以下幾個方面著手：1從上下文的結構和語境方面考慮。從上下文的結構和語境方面考慮。有的空必須根據(jù)上下文的結構才能判斷應該填什么單詞。day.例(2012 年廣東)I have had a lot of (73)_ every“I understand that it is important to do my homework”從而可確定填homework/schoolwork/work。解析解析根據(jù)短文可知此處需要填入一個名詞，再根據(jù)下文2從語法方面考慮。從語法方面考慮。短文填空題所涉及的語法內(nèi)容通常包括：名詞的單復數(shù)、形容詞和副詞的比較等級、主謂一致、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、冠詞、介詞和連詞的選用等。例1(2012 年廣東)The longer the holidays are, the(78)_ homework I get.I really feel bad about it.解析根據(jù)句意可知要填形容詞 much ，又根據(jù)上文“Thelonger”可確定此處考查的是形容詞比較級的常用句型“the 比較級，the比較級”，表示“越越”。故此處應填more。例2(2012 年廣東)I am looking forward to a holiday(79)_ homework so that I can relax and have some timefor my hobbies.解析分析句子結構可知，句中缺少定語，故這里應填一個介詞，與 homework 一起構成介詞短語作定語。又根據(jù)下文“Ican relax and have some time for my hobbies”可知本空應填表示“沒有”作業(yè)的without。例3(2012 年廣東)Im upset these days.I have(71)_ problem, .解析名詞前面一般填冠詞或形容詞，句中已有 Im upset，故可確定應填一個冠詞。problem 在此是第一次提及，故應用不定冠詞 a。解析such as 意為“例如”，是固定搭配，故第77 空填as。例(2012 年廣東)I almost have no free time for myhobbies, (77)_ as playing volleyball and ping-pong.3從習慣用法和固定搭配方面考慮。從習慣用法和固定搭配方面考慮。4先先易后難。易后難。在做題過程中遇到個別空格填不出的，可以適當跳過，待全部完成后，再考慮填不出的空格，這樣未知的信息就越來越少。當明確空格的意思后，可以把與表達此意有關的詞羅列出來，找出最好的和最有把握的詞填進去。5檢檢查錯誤。查錯誤。在填完后，應該將短文重新審讀一次，檢查答案是否有不合題意的或有語法錯誤等。(一)2012 年廣東省初中畢業(yè)生學業(yè)考試Nov. 26, 2011, SaturdayCloudyI am upset these days.I have (71)_ problem, and I donot(72)_ how to deal with it.I have had a lot of(73)_ every day since I became aGrade 9 student.I have no choice but to do it.I often stay up late tofinish it and then feel (74)_ the next day.(75)_ I understand that it is important to do myhomework and (76)_ it in on time, sometimes I still dontwant to do so much homework.I almost have no free time for myhobbies, (77)_ as playing volleyball and ping-pong.Theworst thing is that I even have homework on weekends andholidays.The longer the holidays are, the (78)_ homeworkI get.I really feel bad about that.I am looking forward to a holiday (79)_ homework sothat I can relax and have some time for my hobbies.What should Ido? I really hope that someone can give (80)_ somesuggestions.I am sure they will be of great value to me.本文是一篇日記，主要寫了一個孩子因為有太多作業(yè)而感到很累、不開心，他希望能夠擁有一個沒有作業(yè)的輕松假期，并希望有人能夠給他一些建議。71.a名 詞 前 面 一 般 填 冠 詞 或 形 容 詞 ， 句 中 已 有 “Im upset”，故可確定應填一個冠詞。problem 在此是第一次提及，故應用不定冠詞 a。72.know根據(jù) 句意 ，此 處應 該是 “我不 知道 怎樣 處理”，前面有“I do not”，所以后面應填 know。73.homework/schoolwork/work根據(jù)短文可知此處需要74.tired/sleepy feel 是系動詞，后面應接形容詞，而根據(jù)上文分析，因為“我”經(jīng)常熬夜完成作業(yè)，所以會感到累(tired)或困倦(sleepy)。故填 tired/sleepy。75.Although/Though 根據(jù)上下文的描述可知，本句應意為“雖然我知道做作業(yè)并按時上交作業(yè)很重要，但是有時我還是不想做太多的作業(yè)”。分析句子結構可知，此處填although/though。填入一個名詞，再根據(jù)下文“I understand that it is important todo my homework”從而可確定填 homework/schoolwork/work。76.hand聯(lián)系上下文可知，本句句意為“按時上交作業(yè)”。hand in 上交，是固定搭配。77.suchsuch as 例如，是固定搭配。78.more 根據(jù)句意可知要填形容詞 much，又根據(jù)上文“The longer” 可確定此處考查的是形容詞比較級的常用句型“ the比較級，the比較級”，表示“越越”。故此處應填 more。79.without 分析句子結構可知，句中缺少定語，故這里應填一個介詞，與 homework 一起構成介詞短語作定語。又根據(jù)下文“I can relax and have some time for my hobbies”可知本空應填表示“沒有”作業(yè)的 without。80.me 根據(jù)句意，此處指“給我”，空格前面是 give，故空格處應該填賓格 me。(二)2011 年廣東省初中畢業(yè)生學業(yè)考試Li Ming is a middle school student.His 15th birthday iscoming on (71)_ 3rd.One day, Li Ming walked past theshoe shop at the street corner.Once again, he stopped to look at theshop (72)_He felt happy to see the shoes that he wantedvery much were still there.He really wanted to have (73)_for his birthday.Looking down at his old shoes, he felt sorry forhimself.He sadly walked away and thought (74)_ to tell hismother about it.He knew she would give him (75)_ heliked if she could.But he also knew very well she had little moneyfor that ￥ 1299-Nike Shoes.He (76)_ not to go home atonce, as he didnt want to upset his mother.So he went to the parkand sat on the (77)_.There he saw a girl in a wheelchair.He noticed that the girl (78)_ the wheel with herhands.Li Ming watched her carefully and was (79)_ to findthat the girl had no feet.He looked at his own feet.“Its much(80)_ to be without shoes than without feet.” hethought.There was no reason for him to feel so sorry and sad.Hewent away and smiled, thinking he was luckier.李明想要一雙很貴的鞋作為生日禮物，但他知道母親并沒有那么多錢，心情沮喪之余，他來到公園，見到一個坐著輪椅的女孩，想到自己沒有鞋子比沒有腳要好得多，于是心情豁然開朗。71.July 根據(jù)第一幅圖下方的信息可知李明生日是在 7 月3 日，故填 July。72.window 根據(jù)第二幅圖可知李明是站在商店的“櫥窗”前看鞋子，故填 window。73.them根據(jù)上文可知李明想要這雙鞋子作為生日禮74.how 根據(jù)題干可知此處應填一個疑問詞，構成“疑問詞不定式”的結構，再根據(jù)下文可知李明是不知“如何”開口，故填 how。75.anything/everything 根據(jù)句意可知如果能力允許，母親會給李明“任何東西/所有東西”。因為不想讓母親為難，所以李明“決定”暫76.decided時不回家。物，因為鞋子是復數(shù)，故用代詞 them。77.grass/ground由第三幅圖可知李明是坐在了“草地78.pushed/moved 由第四幅圖可知，女孩坐著輪椅，那么她要前進就要用手來“推動”輪椅。79.surprised由第四幅圖中李明的表情可知他發(fā)現(xiàn)女孩80.better 由下文中的 than 可知應填比較級。比起沒有雙腿，沒有鞋子自然是“好得多”。上”。沒有雙腿時是“驚訝的”。