語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)突破之五語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)突破之五 定語(yǔ)從句（一）定語(yǔ)從句（一） 語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)突破語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)突破修飾名詞和代詞的成分修飾名詞和代詞的成分定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ):a beautiful flowera tall boybeautifultall定語(yǔ)從句：定語(yǔ)從句：修飾名詞和代詞的從句修飾名詞和代詞的從句This is the best film that I have seen.定語(yǔ)從句the best film 先行詞that關(guān)系詞This is the best film that I have seen.關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分關(guān)系詞的作用 1） 2） 3）London is the city that / which has hosted the 2012 Olympic Games. London the city host the 2012 Olympic Games.REVISION1 THE USAGE OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN 關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞指代在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞秩宋锞渥又髡Z(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)whowhomwhichthatwhose THE USAGE OF THE RELATIVE ADVERB關(guān)系副詞指代所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謜henwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial起限定作用。若省起限定作用。若省略，原句意義不完略，原句意義不完整。整。起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。若省略，原句意義若省略，原句意義不受影響。不受影響。修飾先修飾先行詞行詞修飾先行修飾先行詞詞 / 整個(gè)句子整個(gè)句子無(wú)逗號(hào)無(wú)逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)隔開(kāi)有逗號(hào)有逗號(hào)與主句與主句隔開(kāi)隔開(kāi)有有that 無(wú)無(wú)that Revision 2 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別句的區(qū)別 Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。（隱含意思：或許不止一個(gè)哥哥）她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的，他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。 The book (that /which) I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. The book ,which I bought yesterday, is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.我昨天買的那本書(shū)是哈利波特與鳳凰令1.指物時(shí)只用指物時(shí)只用that 或或which 的情況的情況2.介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞3.Whose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式4.as 與與which的區(qū)別的區(qū)別5.指人時(shí)指人時(shí)that 與與who的區(qū)別的區(qū)別6.如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞7.定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致問(wèn)題定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致問(wèn)題1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. itthat 與與which 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別先行詞為先行詞為all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定等不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that4. He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A. that B. which C. where D. in that6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it先行詞為先行詞為人和物的人和物的組合組合先行詞被先行詞被all, little, much, every, no, 等等修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí)先行詞被先行詞被序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞或或最高級(jí)最高級(jí)修飾；先行詞前修飾；先行詞前有序數(shù)詞有序數(shù)詞(the first),形容詞最高級(jí)形容詞最高級(jí)(the best), the last, the very, the only 等時(shí)。等時(shí)。若主句中有疑問(wèn)代詞若主句中有疑問(wèn)代詞 who 或或者者 which，為了避免重復(fù)，為了避免重復(fù), 關(guān)關(guān)系代詞不要再用系代詞不要再用 who, which，而用而用 that。 1. 先行詞為先行詞為all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代詞等不定代詞2.先行詞被先行詞被all, little, much, every, no, 等修飾時(shí)。等修飾時(shí)。3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾先行詞前有序數(shù)詞先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾先行詞前有序數(shù)詞(the first),形容詞最高級(jí)形容詞最高級(jí)(the best), the last, the very, the only 等時(shí)。等時(shí)。4. 先行詞為人和物的組合先行詞為人和物的組合5.若主句中有疑問(wèn)代詞若主句中有疑問(wèn)代詞 who 或者或者 which，為了避免重復(fù)，為了避免重復(fù), 關(guān)系代詞不要再用關(guān)系代詞不要再用 who, which，而用，而用 that。只用只用that的情況的情況: 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this D.it只用只用which的情況的情況:1,逗號(hào)后面逗號(hào)后面 2,介詞后面介詞后面2. The day _ he was born was Jan.20 ,2013.A.on which B.that C.which D.this 考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二:介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞提醒提醒: 介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句, 關(guān)鍵關(guān)鍵 是判斷介詞的選擇是判斷介詞的選擇.方法一方法一:根據(jù)從句中根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞動(dòng)詞或形容詞與與先行詞先行詞習(xí)習(xí)慣搭配慣搭配方法二方法二:根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系 注意：注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引引出。此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用出。此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用which 或或 whom; 不可用不可用that 或或who 代替代替The man is from Beijing University .I talked about him at the meeting.The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.Join them into one sentence.=The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時(shí)，不能用關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時(shí)，不能用that，也，也不能省略，常用不能省略，常用which或或whom。該介詞通?？?。該介詞通?？梢苑旁陉P(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。whom但遇到固定詞組時(shí)，介詞一般緊跟詞但遇到固定詞組時(shí)，介詞一般緊跟詞組主體，不作前置組主體，不作前置 。Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ? Filling blanks:1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.with whomin which考點(diǎn)三：考點(diǎn)三： Whose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式1. whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)。構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.2.2.whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞不僅可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞不僅可以指人，還可以指物。以指人，還可以指物。 3. whose的先行詞指物時(shí)的先行詞指物時(shí), 可用可用of which代替代替, 但詞序不同，但詞序不同，即即whose+名詞名詞=the +n + of which =of which + the + n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.the window of which of which the window 考點(diǎn)四：考點(diǎn)四：AS與與WHICH引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句句 兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)可以互換，但下列兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)可以互換，但下列情況多用情況多用as。1. 當(dāng)與當(dāng)與such或或the same連用時(shí)，一般用連用時(shí)，一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.2. as 引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在句首, as 本身有本身有“正如正如.正象正象”之意，與之連用的詞有之意，與之連用的詞有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。等。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.1. _ was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As2. Such signs _ we use in the experiment _ Greek letters. A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is3. She is very good at dance, _ everybody knows. A. that B. which C. who D. as4. _ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As5. We do the same work _ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. likeAnyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行詞作先行詞時(shí)時(shí), 用用”who” 代替代替 “that”.考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)五: that 與與who的區(qū)別的區(qū)別whowhowho 考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)六:如何判斷用如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞還是還是關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞?選用定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞時(shí)，需注意兩點(diǎn)：選用定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞時(shí)，需注意兩點(diǎn)：1.先行詞先行詞2.關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)用做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)用做狀語(yǔ)用做狀語(yǔ)用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.when(which/that)(which/that)where 考點(diǎn)七考點(diǎn)七:定語(yǔ)從句中主謂一致問(wèn)題定語(yǔ)從句中主謂一致問(wèn)題 定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它的的先行詞先行詞保持一致。保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me, who _not fit for this job isam 3. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written4. She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class. A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing1. Is this factory _ we visited last week?DIs this the factory _ we visited last Week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB解題關(guān)鍵：如果是疑問(wèn)句式，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為陳解題關(guān)鍵：如果是疑問(wèn)句式，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為陳述句式。述句式。Exercises2. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA先行詞是先行詞是situation, case, scene時(shí)，時(shí)，一般用一般用where,也可也可用用in which3. She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、when B、whatC、which D、whyC She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.A5. The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、who B、whoseC、of whom D、whichB6.Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、who B、who wantC、who wants D、whatB7. I dont like English, _ grammar I am not interested. I dont like English, _ grammar is difficult to learn. I like this house, _ doorway is just enough to get . I like this house, _ doorway is small. A. in which B. which C. through whose D. whoseADCD8. I，_ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D9. Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?A、which B、thatC、what D、asB10. His walking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD11. Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB 12. As many members _ were present agreed to the plan. A. who B. that C. which D. as D13. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what B14. This is the same pen _I lost yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A&B D比較：比較：.the same pen as I lost. . the same pen that I lost.表示這支筆與我不見(jiàn)的那支很像，不一定就是表示這支筆與我不見(jiàn)的那支很像，不一定就是則表示這支筆就是我不見(jiàn)的那支則表示這支筆就是我不見(jiàn)的那支 .15. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve it. A. as B. that C. which D. the onesABso .that 后面跟的是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句后面跟的是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句16. _is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. What D. ThatB17. Ill tell you _ he told me last night. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all D18. How do you like the book? Its quite different from _ I read last month. A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what C19. There are three libraries in our school, _ were built five years ago.A、all of themB、either of themC、all of whichD、both of thatC20.I bought some books from the bookstore, five _were English novels.A. of which B. whichC. that D. in whichA21.Here are players from Japan, some of _ are our old friends. Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends. A. which B. that C. whom D. them非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句并列句并列句CD解題思路解題思路:1. 通讀全句。首先判斷是什么句型。通讀全句。首先判斷是什么句型。2. 題干句如果是疑問(wèn)句式，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為陳述句式。題干句如果是疑問(wèn)句式，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為陳述句式。3. 分析從句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，在定語(yǔ)從句中，缺什么，就補(bǔ)分析從句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，在定語(yǔ)從句中，缺什么，就補(bǔ)什么：缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞；缺狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)什么：缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞；缺狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞系副詞4. 注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和題干中是否存在并列連詞注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和題干中是否存在并列連詞and, but等。等。TRANSLATION 1. 這就是那位幫助我的人。這就是那位幫助我的人。2. 你昨天見(jiàn)到的史密斯夫人是我的一個(gè)朋友。你昨天見(jiàn)到的史密斯夫人是我的一個(gè)朋友。3. 你認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)叫王雨的人嗎？你認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)叫王雨的人嗎？This is the man who helped me.Mrs. Smith whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?4. 我收到的那份禮物是我哥送的。我收到的那份禮物是我哥送的。 5. 他在我出去的那個(gè)星期來(lái)我家了。他在我出去的那個(gè)星期來(lái)我家了。 6. 請(qǐng)給我解釋一下你不辭而別的理由好嗎？請(qǐng)給我解釋一下你不辭而別的理由好嗎？ The present that / which I received was from my brother.He came to my home during the week when I was out.Could you please give me a reason why you left without a word?