對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P P189 189 語(yǔ)法歸納歸納語(yǔ)法歸納語(yǔ)法 分類詳解分類詳解一、介詞介詞不能單獨(dú)做句子成分，必須與名詞或代詞(或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語(yǔ)或從句)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，才能在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。1作定語(yǔ)The key to the door is missing.門鑰匙不見(jiàn)了。2作狀語(yǔ)Marx stayed in Belgium for some time and then went to France.馬克思在比利時(shí)呆了一段時(shí)間，然后去了法國(guó)。3作表語(yǔ)Japan is to the east of China.日本在中國(guó)東邊。4作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Make yourself at home.請(qǐng)不要拘束。5注意幾組常用介詞的區(qū)別(1)in/at小地方用at；大地方用in.He arrived in Beijing at noon.他中午到達(dá)北京。He arrived at a small village before dark.天黑前他到了一個(gè)小村莊。(2)in/afterin時(shí)間段：一般用于將來(lái)時(shí)；after時(shí)間段：一般用于過(guò)去時(shí)。Hell be back in a week.他一周后回來(lái)。He returned after a week.他一周后回來(lái)了。(3)in/onin表示一段時(shí)間；on表示具體某天。He usually goes to school in the morning.他通常上午上學(xué)。He usually stays at home on Sunday morning.他通常周日上午在家。(4)besides/except/except forbesides表示“除了以外，還有”；而except表示“只有除外”；except for一般表示“美中不足”Besides Tom，we also went to see the film.(Tom也去了)除了湯姆，我們也去看電影了。We all went to see the film except Tom.(Tom沒(méi)去)除了湯姆沒(méi)去，我們都去看電影了。Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.你的作文很好，只有一些拼寫錯(cuò)誤。(5)above/over/onabove表示在數(shù)目，價(jià)格，能力等方面“超過(guò)”；在位置方面“在上方”，反義詞是below。The old man must be above 100.這位老人一定超過(guò)了100歲。The text is above me.這篇課文我理解不了。He used to work in the tower above the river.他曾經(jīng)在這條河上方的燈塔里工作過(guò)。over表示數(shù)目等“超過(guò)”；在位置方面“在正上方”，反義詞under。The number of the students in our school is over 3,000.我校學(xué)生數(shù)超過(guò)了3,000人。There is a bridge over the river.河上有座橋。on表示“在面上”，反義詞beneath。There are some English books on the desk.桌上有幾本英語(yǔ)書。(6)across/through/overacross表示“橫穿一個(gè)平面”He can swim across the river.他能游過(guò)這條河。through表示“在內(nèi)部穿過(guò)去”The forest is too thick for us to go through.森林茂密，無(wú)法通過(guò)。over表示“在上方過(guò)去”The plane is flying over the forest.一架飛機(jī)在森林上方飛過(guò)。(7)between/amongbetween表示“在兩者之間”The secret must be kept between the two of us.這件事不能有第三者知道。among表示“在三者及三者以上之間”He waved his hand in order to make himself noticed among the crowd.他揮手為了使自己在人群中被注意到。(8)to/at/for表示“朝”，“向”時(shí)，to一般和go，come，hurry，get等連用；at和throw，shout等連用；for和head，leave，set out，sail等連用。She hurried to the police station.她匆忙趕到警察局。Dont shout at her.Its not her fault.不要朝她喊叫，不是她的錯(cuò)。He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.他明天去上海。(9)in/on/to表示位置關(guān)系時(shí)，in表示在某范圍之內(nèi)，on表示相鄰，to表示范圍之外不相鄰。Beijing is in the north of China.北京在中國(guó)北方。Korea lies on the east of China.朝鮮在中國(guó)東面。Japan locates to the east of China.日本在中國(guó)東面。(10)for/since/by.for接時(shí)間段，一般用于過(guò)去時(shí)、完成時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)He worked in that factory for 20 years.他在那家工廠工作過(guò)20年。They have lived here for 70 years.他們已在此居住了70年。She will stay there for two hours.她將在那里呆2個(gè)小時(shí)。since接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，用于完成時(shí)He has made a lot of friends since he came to China.自從來(lái)到中國(guó)，他已交了很多朋友。by接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，用于完成時(shí)We had learned 30 English songs by the end of last term.到上學(xué)期末為止，我們已學(xué)了30首英文歌曲。6一些常用介詞的用法(1)againstHe stood against the door.他靠著門站著。Are you for or against his plan?你是支持還是反對(duì)他的計(jì)劃？She saved some money against old age.她存錢防老。(2)beyondHer father told her not to be back beyond 10：00 in the evening.父親讓她在晚上10點(diǎn)前回家。My home is just beyond the river.我的家就在河對(duì)面。The book is far beyond me.這本書太難了，我看不懂。(3)byIt will be raining by the time you get there.你到那時(shí)可能正在下雨。He stood still by the river for half an hour.他一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地在河邊站了半個(gè)小時(shí)。She earned her living by selling newspapers.她靠賣報(bào)為生。He entered the room by the back door.他是從后門進(jìn)來(lái)的。They got paid by the hour.他們的工資按小時(shí)計(jì)。The number of students is larger than last year by 80.學(xué)生數(shù)今年比去年多80。(4)inHe is dressed in blue today.他今天穿了一身藍(lán)色的衣服。He wrote his letter in English.他用英語(yǔ)寫信。They talked in a low voice.他們低聲交談。The letter was written in ink.信是用墨水寫的。(5)withWould you like to go with me?你愿意和我一起去嗎？The little old man with thick glasses is my first chemistry teacher.那位戴著深度近視鏡的小老頭是我的第一任化學(xué)老師。Please write with a pen.請(qǐng)用鋼筆寫。Her face turned red with anger.她氣得滿臉通紅。He made rapid progress with her help.在她的幫助下，他取得了很大進(jìn)步。With these words，he went away.說(shuō)完他就走了。7掌握常用介詞搭配如：agree with，depend on，believe in，refer to，key to，in turn，care for等。8謹(jǐn)防介詞遺漏(1)當(dāng)不定式作狀語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，或不定式作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且該不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須加介詞。如：The chair is comfortable to sit on.椅子坐上去很舒適。They are looking for a room to live in.他們?cè)谡曳孔幼　?2)在“be形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)后帶賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不可遺漏。如：What are you afraid of?你害怕什么？(3)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞不能遺漏。如：Your pronunciation should be paid attention to.要注意發(fā)音問(wèn)題。(4)在定語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句中，如關(guān)系代詞是從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，且這個(gè)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須加上介詞。如：The library which we often go to is not far away from our school.我們經(jīng)常去的圖書館離我們學(xué)校不遠(yuǎn)。對(duì)應(yīng)專題對(duì)應(yīng)專題 分類訓(xùn)練分類訓(xùn)練 溫溫示示提提馨馨