閱讀理解突破(三)推理判斷題1推理判斷題的提問方式(1)Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat_.(2)Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?(3)Inwhichofthefollowingpublications(出版物)wouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted?(4)Thepassageimplies,butdoesntdirectlystatethat_.(5)Thewritersuggeststhat_.(6)Theauthorprobablyfeelsthat_.(7)Theauthorusestheexampleof.toshowthat_.(8)Whatstheauthorsattitudetoward.?2推理判斷題的解題策略(1)嚴格按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息進行推理,千萬不要摻雜自己的主觀想法或經(jīng)驗。(2)如果某選項中的內(nèi)容是閱讀材料的簡單重復(fù),那它就不是推論,也就不是正確答案。(3)如果某選項所表達的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗相吻合,文中卻沒有涉及,那它屬于主觀臆斷的結(jié)論,也不是正確答案。(4)如果某個選項所表達的內(nèi)容雖在文中提到,但很片面或很不完整,那也不是正確答案。(5)文中的虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞(should,must,may,etc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音,這有助于我們確定正確答案。(6)注意作者在文章中的措辭,比如作者在形容詞前用了too,excessively,rather等,則常帶有否定的口氣。(7)某些過渡詞如however,but,onthecontrary,whatismore等后面所表達的內(nèi)容往往能反映作者的觀點和態(tài)度。3推理判斷題類型及應(yīng)對措施(1)數(shù)據(jù)推理解答此類題,關(guān)鍵是要善于捕捉有關(guān)數(shù)字信息,然后在透徹理解原文的字面意思和題意的基礎(chǔ)上,運用自己的數(shù)學(xué)知識,對其進行分析、推理,從而得出正確答案。(2)知識推理知識推理題是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細節(jié),運用自己掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識進行分析、推敲,從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。解答此類題,不僅需要我們有一定的社會基礎(chǔ)知識,而且還需要對細節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識有一個充分的理解。(3)邏輯推理邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴格根據(jù)文章所陳述的事實、論點、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進行推理,從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論,而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗、態(tài)度、觀點或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)容。解答這類題的前提是首先獲得短文的主題思想或列舉的具體事實,然后按題意的要求進行推斷。1Most children,even the youngest children,are delighted to be around cats and dogs.But these pets carry plenty of germs and allergens (過敏原),prompting researchers to ask：Are cats and dogs really safe for children?A study finds that,contrary to many parents fears,owning cats or dogs does not increase a childs risk of developing allergies,and in fact,may actually protect them.The studys lead author,Dr.Dennis Ownby of the Medical College of Georgia,said that even he was “very surprised” by the results.Ownby and colleagues followed more than 470 children from birth to age 6 or 7,comparing those exposed to cats and dogs during their first years of life to those who were not.By using skin­prick tests for detecting common allergies,the researchers found that,contrary to what many doctors had been taught for years,children who had lived with a pet were not at greater risk.Even more remarkable,children who had two or more dogs or cats had an even greater reduction,up to 77 percent,in risk of allergies.Researchers suggest this protective effect may be the result of early exposure to lots of bacteria that are carried by dogs and cats.Exposing young children to these bacteria helps “exercise” their immune systems early in life so that theyre better able to resist allergic diseases later.“Theres something very important in the first years of life when the immune system is developing that we can retrain it away from an allergic response,” saidDr.William Davis.And while researchers are not encouraging parents to buy dogs or cats just to reduce a childs allergy risk,they say if a family already has one or more animals,theres no need to get rid of them.1Whydotheresearchersfeel“verysurprised”bytheresultsofthestudy?ABecausetheresultsarecontrarytotheirexpectation.BBecausesomanychildrenareplayingwithcatsanddogs.CBecauseparentsaresomuchworriedabouttheirchildren.DBecausechildrenwithanimalsmaydevelopallergieseasily.答案A解析此題較易,文中第二段中的“contrarytomanyparentsfears”為關(guān)鍵詞語,反映出結(jié)果與第一段中人們的一般認識相反,因此研究者感到驚奇,故選A項；選D的原因是因為根本就沒有讀懂文章,而把意思弄反了。2Comparedwithchildrenwhohavepets,thosewhohavent_.AwilllosethechancetodevelopimmunesystemBmaysufferallergicdiseasesmoreoftenCwillreducetheharmfrombacteriaDcankeepdoctorsaway答案B解析本文主要是圍繞接觸帶有過敏原的寵物是否安全展開的,由第二段“.,andinfact,mayactuallyprotectthem.”和第三段“.werenotatgreaterrisk.”可知,應(yīng)是接觸寵物的孩子患這種疾病的可能性較小,即不接觸寵物的孩子患這種疾病的可能性較大,故選B項；誤選A項是由于錯誤理解了倒數(shù)第二段；誤選C項是由于沒有正確理解全文,而是根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)認識,即開頭的觀點作出的判斷。3Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_.Apetsareill­treatedbytheirownersBlessfamilieswouldliketoowncatsanddogsCkeepingpetsisagoodwaytokeepchildrenhealthyDtheresultsofthestudycanmakefamilieswithpetsfeelatease答案D解析推理判斷題。該研究結(jié)果告訴人們小孩在早期與貓狗等動物接觸不會影響他們的健康,從而使很多父母可以放心。2(2009·全國,C)We have met the enemy,and he is ours.We bought him at a pet shop.When monkey­pox,a disease usually found in the African rain forest,suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest,its hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings.“Most of the infections(感染) we think of as human infections started in other animals,”says Stephen Morse,director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University.Its not just that were going to where the animals are；were also bringing them closer to us.Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country.A strange illness killed Isaksens pets,and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea.“I dont think its fair to have them as petswhenwehavesuchalimitedknowledgeofthem,”saysIsaksen.“Lawsallowingtheseanimalstobebroughtinfromdeepforestareaswithoutstrictercontrolneedchanging,”saysPeterSchantz.Monkey­poxmaybethewake­upcall.Researchersbelieveinfectedanimalsmayinfecttheirowners.Weknowverylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.Anewbug(病菌)maybekindatfirst.Butitmaydevelopintosomethingharmful(有害的)Monkey­poxdoesntlooklikeamajorinfectiousdisease.Butitisnotimpossibletopassthediseasefrompersontoperson.1WelearnfromParagraph1thatthepetsoldattheshopmay_.AcomefromColumbiaBpreventusfrombeinginfectedCenjoybeingwithchildrenDsufferfrommonkey­pox答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。由第一段可知寵物店主的寵物感染了一種病毒,故選D。2WhydidIsaksenadvisepeoplenottohaveforeignpets?ATheyattackhumanbeings.BWeneedtostudynativeanimals.CTheycantliveoutoftherainforest.DWedonotknowmuchaboutthemyet.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。由第二段Isaksen說的話可知,她認為目前人們對國外的寵物了解得太少。3Whatdoesthephrase“thewake­upcall”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?AanewdiseaseBaclearwarningCadangerousanimalDamorningcall答案B解析詞義猜測題。由本句主語monkey­pox知,這可能是一種新的天花病毒,而不是一種病,故排除A、C、D。4Thetextsuggeststhatinthefuturewe_.AmayhavetofightagainstmorenewdiseasesBmayeasilygetinfectedbydiseasesfromdogsCshouldnotbeallowedtohavepetsDshouldstopbuyingpetsfromAfrica答案A解析推理判斷題。由文章最后一段可知,這種病毒的出現(xiàn)只是一個警告。未來可能會出現(xiàn)更多的新的疾病。3TheChinaDailynewspapergroupislookingforEnglish­languageseniorbusinesseditors,seniorcopyeditors,copyeditorsandgraphicdesignerstostrengthenitsinternationalteam.Weofferacompetitivesalarypackage,freeaccommodationwithutilitiespaidfor,90percentmedicalreimbursement,aseven­daypaidleave,eleven­daypublicholidaysandareturntickettothecountryofresidence.SeniorBusinessEditorYoumust：assistthebusinesseditorinsettinggoalsandworkingonachievingthem；beanexcellentteampersonwhocangenerateideasandthinkcreativelyandbeabletorewritetotallyifneededandmentorjuniorstaff；ideallyhavebeenworkingorhaveworkedinapositionofresponsibilityandunderstandwhatleadershipentails；havehadatleastfiveyearseditingexperienceworkingoneditingtheBusinessDeskandbefamiliarwithindustrysoftware.SeniorCopyEditorYoumust：workonshiftsintheBusinessDeskandusuallyhavethelastwordbeforethepageissenttoprint；editorrewritecopyandgivesnappyheadlinesandcaptions；havehadatleasttwoyearseditingexperienceworkingoneditingdesksandbefamiliarwithindustrysoftware.CopyEditorYoumust：begoodateditingorrewritingcopyandwritingsnappyheadlinesandcaptions；beabletoworkonshiftsfordifferentpages,andusuallyhavethelastwordbeforethepageissenttoprint；havetwoyearsofeditingexperienceworkingoncopydesks,andbefamiliarwithindustrysoftware.GraphicDesignerYoumust：haveexcellentskillsininformationgraphics；begoodatillustrationsandfreehanddrawings；beexperiencedinnewspaperormagazinelayouts；haveagoodsenseoftypography；havegoodnewsjudgment；bewell­versedwithMacintoshsoftware,includingInDesign,IllustratorandPhotoshop；befluentinEnglish.Forenquiriesortoapply,writetojob.1Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?ATodescribethepositionsoftheChinaDailynewspapergroup.BTodescribetheworkingconditionsoftheChinaDailynewspapergroup.CToadvertiseforrecruitingsomegoodemployees.DTotellyouhowtobecomepartofthisgroup.答案C解析推理判斷題。縱觀全文,尤其是文章的第一段可以看出,這是一則廣告,其目的就是向社會公開招聘English­languageseniorbusinesseditors,seniorcopyeditors,copyeditorsandgraphicdesigners4個崗位上的員工。由此可以判斷,答案是C項。2WhatisnotrequiredaboutGraphicDesigner?ABewell­versedwithPhotoshop.BHaveexcellentskillsininformationgraphics.CHavingagoodsenseoftypography.DWritingsnappyheadlinesandcaptions.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。由GraphicDesigner的招聘要求可以看出：Writingsnappyheadlinesandcaptions并非GraphicDesigner所要求具備的。3Howmanypositionsneededitingexperience?A2.B1.C3.D4.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。前三個職位的敘述中都提到了對“editingexperience”的要求,只有最后一個崗位沒有這方面的要求,故C項為正確答案。4Whichcanbethetitleoftheadvertisement?AChinaDaily：NewEmployeesWantedBChinaDaily：NewspaperCChinaDaily：AnInternationalTeamDChinaDaily：TheBestWorkingCondition答案A解析標題判斷題。文章第一段已點明了文章的主旨與目的,就是要招聘人員,所以A項所說的“中國日報社招聘員工”最能概括全文的大意,故可排除其他三項。5WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?AFreeaccommodationsareavailabletotheworkers.BTheworkerstherecanenjoyaseven­dayleavewithoutpay.CTheemployeeshavetherighttoenjoyeleven­daypublicholidays.DTheseniorbusinesseditorsonlyjobistohelpthebusinesseditortosetgoals.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。由第一段的敘述可以看出,員工可以“享受11天的公共假期”。其他三項都不符合原文的敘述。故C為正確答案。內(nèi)容總結(jié)（1）閱讀理解突破(三)推理判斷題1推理判斷題的提問方式(1)Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat_.(2)Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage