Talk about the ways you learn other subjects. You can use the following phrases and sentences.How do you learn Chinese/ math /physics/chemistry?Do you learn history and geography by_? 4a Answer the questions. Then match the questions and answers.1. How do you practice speaking?2. How do you learn new words?3. How do you improve your writing?4. How do you practice listening?5. How do you improve your pronunciation?6. How do you learn grammar?1. How do you practice speaking?2. How do you learn new words?3. How do you improve your writing?4. How do you practice listening?5. How do you improve your pronunciation?6. How do you learn grammar?c ce ef fb ba ad da. By watching English programs.b. By listening to a tape and repeating out loud.c. By having conversations with friends.d. By taking notes, doing exercises and reading a lot.e. By making word cards.f. By writing e-mails to my pen pals.match physics chemistry Chinese history geography4b Complete these statements. Use information that is true for you.e.g. I usually practice my English by taking notes / reading books and newspapers / speaking English with my classmates / memorizing sentence patterns.a. I usually practice my math by_.b. I usually practice my physics by_. c. I usually practice my chemistry by_.d. I usually practice my Chinese by _.e. I usually practice my history and geography by _.4c Check () what you do to learn English. Then interview your partner.A: Do you learn English by doing grammar exercises?B: Yes, I do.A: How often do you do them?B:I learn English byMy partner learnsEnglish by yesno how oftenyesno how oftendoing grammar exercises.taking notes in English.reading English books/magazines.keeping a diary in English. using an English dictionary.How do you learn English?I learn by studying with a group.Do you learn English by reading aloud?Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation.How can I read faster? You can read faster by reading word groups.How can I improve my pronunciation?One way is by listening to tapes.定定 義義: 它是一種兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征它是一種兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征 的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式?；拘问交拘问? V-ing作作 用用: 動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可 以做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。以做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。性質(zhì)性質(zhì) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)名動(dòng)名詞詞n.pron.動(dòng)名詞的基本用法動(dòng)名詞的基本用法1. 用作主語(yǔ)用作主語(yǔ)所表動(dòng)作比較抽象，或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)所表動(dòng)作比較抽象，或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。作。e.g. Playing with fire is dangerous.注意：注意：動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，有時(shí)先用動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，有時(shí)先用it作作形式形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞置于句末主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞置于句末。這種用法在習(xí)。這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用。慣句型中常用。 1) It is no use/ good / useless + doing2) It is a waste of time + doing 3) It is fun + doing 在以上結(jié)構(gòu)中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。在以上結(jié)構(gòu)中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。e.g. Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收）覆水難收） It is fun playing with children. 和孩子們一起玩真好。和孩子們一起玩真好。 2. 用作賓語(yǔ)用作賓語(yǔ)1) 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) 常見(jiàn)的此類動(dòng)詞有：常見(jiàn)的此類動(dòng)詞有：practise, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, depend on, think about, succeed in, worry about, be used to, get used to, look forward to, pay attention to, 等。等。e.g. How do you practice speaking? I have to finish reading a book and give a report.2) 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)作介詞的賓語(yǔ) 1. I learn English by doing grammar exercises.2. Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 3. He was late again because of getting up late.4. Lock the doors and windows before going out. 5. What/How about the two of us playing games？1. She cant help _(cry) after _ (hear) the bad news.2. Do you feel like _(have) a break?活學(xué)活用活學(xué)活用hearinghavingcrying3) 既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式的常用動(dòng)既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式的常用動(dòng)詞有詞有：remember, forget, regret, mean, try等，但表達(dá)的意義不同。等，但表達(dá)的意義不同。e.g. I remember seeing her at the hotel. 我記得在賓館見(jiàn)過(guò)她。我記得在賓館見(jiàn)過(guò)她。(動(dòng)作發(fā)生了動(dòng)作發(fā)生了) I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我記著要去賓館見(jiàn)她。我記著要去賓館見(jiàn)她。(動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生)1. remember/forget/ regretto do 動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生doing 動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生2. try to do 設(shè)法、努力去做，盡力設(shè)法、努力去做，盡力doing 試試去做（看有何結(jié)果）試試去做（看有何結(jié)果）3. mean to do 打算做（主語(yǔ)一般是人）打算做（主語(yǔ)一般是人）doing 意味著（主語(yǔ)一般是物）意味著（主語(yǔ)一般是物）4. regretto do 對(duì)將要做的事抱歉對(duì)將要做的事抱歉doing 對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到后悔對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到后悔5. stop to do 停下去做另外一件事停下去做另外一件事doing 停止做手頭的事情停止做手頭的事情.作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)句子主語(yǔ)常是表示無(wú)句子主語(yǔ)常是表示無(wú)生命的事物的名詞或生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句句。表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞與主語(yǔ)通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，。表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞與主語(yǔ)通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可互換位置主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可互換位置。 e.g. Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。 (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 動(dòng)名詞有動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。的變化。動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式：（以：（以write為例）為例） 時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般時(shí)一般時(shí)完成時(shí)完成時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)writing having written 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)being written having been written 注意：注意：動(dòng)名詞的否定形式是：動(dòng)名詞的否定形式是：not writing 動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)Would you mind _（我開窗戶嗎）（我開窗戶嗎）?Would you mind my / me opening the window?my/ me 稱為動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。稱為動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。I cant understand Jack /Jacks leaving his wife.I cant understand his/him leaving his wife.Jacks/ His leaving his wife is unbelievable.選擇題：選擇題：1. My watch needs _, but I have no time to go to town to have it _. A. to repair; repaired B. to be repaired; repairing C. repairing; repaired D. being repaired; repaired活學(xué)活用活學(xué)活用2. You should apologize to your sister for _ her the truth. A. telling B. not telling C. telling not D. not tell3. -The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot _ it off. A. turning B. turn C. to turn D. having turned4. Hearing the bad news, the mother couldnt help _. A. to cry B. crying C. cryD. cries5. Our teacher told us to spend some time _ English every day. A. to practise speaking B. practising speaking C. to practise to speak D. practising to speak6. It is no use _ without doing.A. to promiseB. promising C. promise D. to be promisedWrite a short composition about how to learn English.Homework