UNIT2復習TOPIC1 ENGLISH IS WIDELY SPOKEN AROUND THE WORLD.一.重點詞語 1.be able to=can 能夠,會 2.cant wait to do sth.迫不急待地做某事 3.have a (good) chance to do sth.有(好)機會做某事 4.practice doing sth.練習做某事 5.be made by被制做; be made of/from由制成;be made in在某地制造 6.on business出差 7.be similar to和相似 8.translateinto把翻譯成 9.have no/some trouble (in) doing sth.做某事沒有/有些困難 10.once in a while=sometimes/at times偶爾,間或 11.whenever=no matter when無論何時 12.as well as以及 13.mother tongue 母語 14.take the leading position處于領先地位 15.encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵某人做某事 16.call for號召 17.later on 18.a Spanish English dictionary 19.An English Chinese dictionary 20.as the offical language 21.ask sb for help 22.make meanings 23.have long conversations with 24.a business man 25.travel all over the world 26.travel to 27.the numer of 28. a number of 29.I want another three copies. 30.in the years to come 31.take a swimming course 32.fashion clothes 33.be regarded as. 34.at the school gate TOPIC 2 ENGLISH IS SPOKEN DIFFERENTLY IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES.重點詞語 1.by the way 順便說一下 2.depend on取決于；依靠 3.be different from與不同 4.succeed in doing成功，達成 5.make yourself understood表達你自己的意思 6.on ones way to 在某人去的路上 7.see sb. Off給送行 8.leave for前往某地/leavefor離開去 9.in twenty minutes二十分鐘之后 10.written English筆頭英語/oral English英語口語 11.generally speaking一般說來，大致上說 12.as for sb./sth.至于某人/某物 13.be close to靠近 14.in person身體上，外貌上；親自 15.be fond of愛好 16.be forced to do sth.被迫做/force sb.to do強迫某人做某事 17.even worse 更糟的是 18.instead of. 19.English-speaking countries 20.Spoken English 21.ask for a ride 22.Whats up? 23.Its quite all right. 24.Have a victory 25.Im just kidding. 26.Im puzzled 27.quite different 28.be spelt as 29.on the computer/screen/ line 30.take the subway/ take the underground 31.first floor/ ground floor 32.spend ones holidays 33.Just as I thought. 34. come about Topic 3 Its important to learn English well.重點詞語1.in public在公共場所2.at times=sometimes有時3.feel like doing=would like to do想要做4.give up sth./doing sth.放棄5.turn to sb. for help求助于某人6.give sb. some advice on/about給某人一些有關的建議7.be weak in在方面很差/be good at在方面很好8.be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事9.make mistakes犯錯誤10.take a deep breath深呼吸11.the best time to do做某事最好的時間12.do some listening practice做些聽力訓練13.reply to=answer回答14.advise sb. to do建議某人做某事（名詞advice 15.have a good journey 16.places of interest 17.have a conversation with/ have a talk with. 18. be in trouble 19.the final test 20.make yourself understood 21.work hard (at). 22.make progress (with) 23.turn to sb for help/ ask sb for help 24.be afraid of/ to /that. 25.dare to do sth 26. dare not do sth 27.Dare he do it? 28.the main idea of 29.on a piece of paper. 30.Dont be shy. 31.improve my reading 32.Through the Internet 33. how to send e-mails 34.have/ hold a class meeting (on/about). 35.the results of 36.sharewith. 37.before/ after class 38.in ones opinion 39. insist on sth/doing sth 40.look up the new words in the dictionary 41.believe in yourself/ sb 42. English study method 43.make great progress 44.join the English club/ Corner 45.forget to do remember to do 要點聚焦要點聚焦-本單元重點掃描本單元重點掃描 1: We all know that youre working for some organizations that protect the environment. 我們都知道你在為環(huán)保組織做我們都知道你在為環(huán)保組織做工作。工作。 【講解】 Work for.為。工作， 為。堅持不懈地努力。如： We should work for peace. 我們應該為和平而努力。 Organizations of environment環(huán)保組織。2: WELL, MY MAIN JOB IS TO HELP SPREAD THE MESSAGE ABOUT PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT. FOR EXAMPLE, THE THREE RS-REDUCE, REUSE AND RECYCLE-ARE IMPORTANT. 我的主要工作是幫助宣傳一些關于環(huán)我的主要工作是幫助宣傳一些關于環(huán)保方面的知識。例如：三保方面的知識。例如：三“R”，即減少使用，再次使，即減少使用，再次使用和回收利用很重要。用和回收利用很重要。 講解】 to help spread the .動詞不定式作表語。 help spread也可以說help to spread. Spread the message about.省去to的動詞不定式作help的賓語。 The importance of.的重要性。3: WE REALLY NEED TO REDUCE THE WASTE WE PRODUCE. FOR EXAMPLE, WE SHOULD USE BOTH SIDES OF PAPER, AND REUSE PLASTIC BAGS RATHER THAN THROW THEM AWAY. 我們真的需要減我們真的需要減少我們生產(chǎn)的廢品。比如，我們應該把紙的兩面使用，將塑少我們生產(chǎn)的廢品。比如，我們應該把紙的兩面使用，將塑料袋再次使用而不是輕易扔掉。料袋再次使用而不是輕易扔掉。【講解】need to reduce需要減少we produce我們產(chǎn)生，作定語修飾說明the waste.Rather than, 寧可，是.而不是.， 相當于instead of。 如：The color seems green rather than blue. = The color seems green instead of blue.這顏色看上去是綠色而不是藍色。I sent you the letter rather than she.給你寄信的是我而不是她。 使用rather than應注意以下幾點： 1). rather than作連詞用，所連接的可以是動詞、副詞、形容詞、名詞短語等，被連接成分應在詞性上保持一致。如： He wants to go at once rather than tomorrow. 他想現(xiàn)在立即走而不是明天。 2). Rather than 位于句首時，后跟動詞原型，該動詞前不可加to, 也不受句中謂語動詞時態(tài)的影響。如： Rather than try to do it by myself, I didnt ask for help. 寧可自已干，我沒有請人幫忙。 3)rather than位于句中連接兩個動詞時，其后的動詞形式應同前面與其并列的動詞形成一致。如： I did my homework rather than watched TV yesterday evening. 昨晚我做作業(yè)了而沒有看電視。 4)rather than 可以連接主格人稱代詞，也可連接賓格人稱代詞，但結構與含義不同。如： I sent you the letter rather than she.給你寄信的是我而不是她。 I sent you the letter rather than her.我給你寄的信，而不是給她寄的信。 【知識點拓展】 Would rather.than意為“寧可。也不。，與其。不如?！?，相當于had rather.than前面表示肯定，后面表示否定，than后跟動詞原形，不帶to, 即would rather和than后都跟動詞原形。如： I d rather read books than watch TV. 我寧愿看書也不愿看電視。 4: FIRST, YOU OUGHT TO TURN OFF THE LIGHTS WHEN YOU LEAVE A ROOM. 首先，你離開房間時應該隨手關燈。首先，你離開房間時應該隨手關燈。 【講解】 Ought to do sth. 應該做某事 1）可表示責任或義務，指道義上應該做的事，可表示現(xiàn)在，一般將來或過去將來。如： We ought to be polite to the old. 我們應該尊敬老人。 2) ought to可表示“應有的結果”或“當然的事”。如： You have been her friend for one year, so you ought to know her well. 你們已經(jīng)做了一年的朋友，你應該很解她。 3) ought to的否定式和疑問式。如： Ought we to go there?我們應該去那兒嗎？ Yes, you ought.是的，應該 。 No, you ought not.不，不應該。 You ought not to tell her the bad news. 你不應該告訴她這條壞消息。 4）ought to 的反意疑問句。如： Such things ought not to happen, ought they? 這樣的事情不應該發(fā)生， 是嗎？ 知識點拓展】 Should指主觀上感到有責任或義務去做某事。如： We should keep our environment clean.我們應該保持環(huán)境整潔。 Ought to在語氣上比should強，但比must弱。5: AT THE SAME TIME , IT COSTS TOO MUCH MONEY AND TAKES UP A LOT OF SPACE. 【講解】 At the same time同時 Take up占去，占用（時間或空間）如： Doing his homework took up most of the weekend. 寫作業(yè)占去了他周末的大半時間。6：A FARMER IN ENGLAND USED ANIMAL WASTE TO RUN HIS CAR. 英國一位農(nóng)民用動物糞便發(fā)動他的車。英國一位農(nóng)民用動物糞便發(fā)動他的車。 【講解】 Animal waste動物糞便。 Use sth. To do sth. 用做某事 Run, 作動詞用，意為“使運轉，使運行。 Run his car發(fā)動他的車7THEY WORK WELL, BUT THEY ARE SLOW AND CANT RUN FOR LONG.它們運行很好，但是很慢并且跑的時間不長它們運行很好，但是很慢并且跑的時間不長 【講解】 But意思為“但是”，表轉折關系，為并列連詞。 如： The machine is old, but in good order.機器舊了，但運作很好。 He wants to go, but his sister wants to stay. 他想走，但她妹妹想留下。8 MORE AND MORE PEOPLE ARE TRUING GREEN. 越來越多的人成為越來越多的人成為綠色使者綠色使者/衛(wèi)士衛(wèi)士. 【講解】 Green不單純指”顏色”,也可借這種顏色來代指保護環(huán)境的人.如: You are pale green. 你剛剛成為綠色使者. You are bright green.你是優(yōu)秀的綠色使者.9.EITHER.OR” 結構表示 “ 不是就是 ” ， “ 或者或者 ” ，例如： Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 我叔叔可以做那件事，或者我嬸嬸也可以做。 習慣上將兩個句子合并成 Either my uncle or my aunt can do it. 10.“NOT ONLYBUT ALSO” 意思為 “ 不僅而且 ” 例如： not only the students have missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed the school car. 不僅學生，而且他們的老師都誤了校車。 11.“NEITHERNOR” 結構，意為 “ 既不也不 ” ， “ 兩者都不 ” ，用法與 EITHER OR,NOT ONLY BUT ALSO 相同 典型例題 例 1 Work hard, _ you will pass the during test. A. or B. but C. because D. and 解析： “努力學習”，“你就會通過駕駛考試”，兩者之間是并列關系，應用句式“祈使句 +and+ 簡單句”。 D例 2 STOP CUTTING TREES, _ THE EARTH WILL BECOME WORSE AND WORSE. A. AND B. THEN C BUT D. OR 解析： 根據(jù)句意，前后是轉折關系，應用句式“祈使句 +or+ 簡單句”。 D 例 3 THEY BOUGHT GRANNY A PRESENT _A _ SHE LIKED IT VERY MUCH. A. AND B. SO C. BUT 解析： 本題前后兩句表示并列關系 4 THEY ALL WENT TO THE CINEMA I DIDNT. A. GET B. OR C. BUTD. SO 解析： 本題的前后意思帶有轉折關系。 例 5 Hello, Mr. Huang! Im sorry, I dont think I know you. A. and B. or C. but D. because The little boy is very young _ he can look after himself well. A. So B. but C. if D. or C.cBBILL PUT HIS HANDS BEHIND HIS BACK, _ NOBODY COULD SEE HIS HANDS. A. so B. and C. or D. but A NEITHER YOU NOR I _ FROM CANADA. WE ARE FROM AUSTRALIA. A. IS B. ARE C. AM D. BE neither nor ”結構意為“既不也不”，“兩者都不”，連接主語時，謂語動詞應與其鄰近的主語保持一致。 C We get knowledge _from books _from life. Yes, both are important. A. either ； or B. not only ； but also C neither ； nor D. not ； butBINSTEADOF,TAKETHEPLACEOF 和 HAPPEN,TAKEPLACEOF INSTEAD OF 和INSTEAD的用法 instead of是短語介詞，意思是“代替”、“而不是”（=in place of,它后面一般接名詞、代詞、動名詞或介詞 短語作它的賓語 例如： Shall we have fish instead of meat today?我們今天吃魚不吃肉，好嗎？ 把那個紅色的盒子給我，不 是這個黃色的 Give me the red box instead of the yellow one. 如果我沒 感冒，我就干活了，而不是在這里躺著。 If I hadnt got a cold, Id be working instead of lying here. .我們將在花園里， 而不在屋子里喝茶。（ Well have tea in the garden instead of in the house. INSTEAD單獨使用時，與INSTEAD OF不同，INSTEAD 是副詞，意思是“代替”、“ 頂替”(=IN PLACE OF THAT)。 去年夏天我去了青島。今年夏天我將去大連。 Last summer I went to Qingdao. This summer Im going to Dalian instead. INSTEAD OF和TAKE THE PLACE OF有啥區(qū)別？ INSTEAD OF是介詞短語，作狀語，其后常跟名詞、代詞搭配。 TAKE THE PLACE OF是動詞短語，作謂語， Mr. Li will go to the meeting instead of me. =Mr. Li will take my place to the meeting. TAKE PLACE 表示“發(fā)生、舉行、舉辦”，一般指非偶然性事件的“發(fā)生”， 即這種事件的發(fā)生一定有某種原因或事先的安排， 2) .HAPPEN作“發(fā)生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件， Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing. What happened to you? ( （1）The opening of the play will take place tomorrow night. 劇的首演式 將于明晚舉行。（take place不能用happen代換） （2）The accident took place only a block from my home. 事故發(fā)生地離我 家只一個街區(qū)。（took place 可以用happened代換） 動詞happen以及詞組take place, break out 等只能用作不及物動詞，不能用 被動語態(tài)形式。 instead 是副詞，只表示“代替”“而是”，常放在句尾，如： *He is tired, let me do it instead. 他累了，讓我代作吧！ 語法學習 用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來 現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來時，常有“意圖”、“安排”（但不是固定不變的）或“打算”含義。它表示最近或較近的將來，所用的動詞多是位移動詞。 如：come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin, return, open, die 例：Im going.我要走了。 When are you starting?你什么時候動身？ Dont worry. The train is arriving here soon.別著急，火車馬上就到了。 表示將來的現(xiàn)在進行時除了用于位移動詞外，亦可用于某些非位移動詞。 如：My uncle is meeting us tomorrow.我叔叔明天會見我們。 She is buying a new bike soon.她不久將買一輛新自行車。 語法學習wh- +to dowh-是指when, where, which, who(m)及how等連接詞，它們和動詞不定式連用，即為wh- +to do結構。這種結構在句中常作主語、表語和賓語，作賓語時可以轉換為賓語從句。(對于謂語動詞來說，wh- +to do這個不定式動詞的動作是個尚未發(fā)生的動作，所以在轉換成賓語從句時，通常須加情態(tài)動詞或用將來時表示未來。)如：I dont know what to do.=I dont know what I should do. She cant decide which to buy.=she cant decide which she will buy.反之，如果主句中的主語與賓語從句中的主語一致時，賓語從句（由疑問詞引導）通?？梢耘c“疑問詞+不定式”互相轉換。如：I dont know what I should do.=I dont know what to do.如果不一致就不能轉換。I want to know what Mary will do.(不能說不能說:I want to know what to do.)Goodbye