動詞專題復(fù)習(xí)動詞專題復(fù)習(xí)A A、考點、考點: :一、七種時態(tài)一、七種時態(tài)(過去、現(xiàn)在、將來過去、現(xiàn)在、將來? 一般、進(jìn)行一般、進(jìn)行還是還是完成完成?） 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時( (及被動語態(tài)及被動語態(tài)) )現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時一般將來時一般將來時( (及被動語態(tài)及被動語態(tài)) )一般過去時一般過去時( (及被動語態(tài)及被動語態(tài)) )過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時過去將來時過去將來時 過去完成時（不單獨考察過去完成時（不單獨考察, ,但閱讀理解會有）但閱讀理解會有） 1 1、動詞時態(tài)、動詞時態(tài)（1 1）一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常做的事，習(xí)慣性動表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常做的事，習(xí)慣性動作，現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，或者客觀真理。作，現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，或者客觀真理。注意動詞的注意動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)形式。形式。（2 2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：am, is, are+ am, is, are+ 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞（動詞的（動詞的inging形式）形式）（3 3）現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時。結(jié)構(gòu)：。結(jié)構(gòu)：have/ has+have/ has+過去分詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時的兩個含義：現(xiàn)在完成時的兩個含義：過去過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或造成的結(jié)果或影響。（著重現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果。）影響。（著重現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果。）現(xiàn)在完成時表示現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在到現(xiàn)在的動的動作或狀態(tài)。作或狀態(tài)。用延續(xù)性動詞用延續(xù)性動詞。（4 4）一般將來時一般將來時表示從現(xiàn)在看將要發(fā)生的事表示從現(xiàn)在看將要發(fā)生的事（將會怎么樣），或計劃打算做某事。（將會怎么樣），或計劃打算做某事。結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：willwill+ +動詞原形，動詞原形，be going tobe going to+ +動詞動詞原形原形（5 5）一般過去時一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作。表示過去發(fā)生的動作。動詞要用動詞要用過去式過去式。（6 6）過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時指過去某一時刻或某段時間指過去某一時刻或某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作，也表示一個動作進(jìn)行時，另正在進(jìn)行的動作，也表示一個動作進(jìn)行時，另一個動作突然發(fā)生，或者一個動作發(fā)生時，另一個動作突然發(fā)生，或者一個動作發(fā)生時，另一個動作正在進(jìn)行。一個動作正在進(jìn)行。結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：was/ were+was/ were+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞（動詞的動詞的inging形式）形式）（7 7）過去將來時過去將來時是指從過去的某一時是指從過去的某一時間看，將要發(fā)生的事，或某人說過他要干間看，將要發(fā)生的事，或某人說過他要干什么。什么。 結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：would+would+動詞原形動詞原形（8 8）過去完成時過去完成時是指到過去的某個時是指到過去的某個時間為止已經(jīng)完成的動作，或者指過去的某間為止已經(jīng)完成的動作，或者指過去的某個時間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作（過去個時間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作（過去的過去）。的過去）。結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：had+had+過去分詞。過去分詞。2 2、時態(tài)一致原則：、時態(tài)一致原則：（1 1）在）在賓語從句賓語從句中，如果中，如果主句是現(xiàn)在時主句是現(xiàn)在時，從句的動，從句的動詞可根據(jù)意義，用詞可根據(jù)意義，用所需的所需的任何任何時態(tài)時態(tài)。（2 2）在）在賓語從句賓語從句中，如果中，如果主句是過去時主句是過去時，從句的時，從句的時態(tài)一般要用態(tài)一般要用過去過去的某個時態(tài)（客觀真理除外）。的某個時態(tài)（客觀真理除外）。 在在賓語從句賓語從句中，如果中，如果主句是過去時主句是過去時，從句的動作，從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前之前，要用，要用過去完成時過去完成時（過去的過去）。（過去的過去）。 在在賓語從句賓語從句中，如果主句是過去時，從句的動作中，如果主句是過去時，從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之后之后，要用，要用過去將來時：過去將來時：would+would+動詞原形動詞原形（3 3）在）在時間狀語從句時間狀語從句和和條件狀語從句條件狀語從句中（或在讓步中（或在讓步狀語從句中），如果狀語從句中），如果主句是一般將來時主句是一般將來時（或祈使句，（或祈使句，或含情態(tài)動詞或含情態(tài)動詞can, may, mustcan, may, must），），從句要用一般現(xiàn)在從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時時表示將來。表示將來。二、動詞形式二、動詞形式（1 1）原形原形（除除“一般現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)一般現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)”外的外的一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時、祈使句祈使句、不帶不帶toto的的動詞不定式動詞不定式，助動詞助動詞will/wont/do/dont/does/doesnwill/wont/do/dont/does/doesnt/t/did/didndid/didntt等后接動詞原形等后接動詞原形，情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+ +動詞原形動詞原形等等）（2 2）帶帶toto的的動詞不定式動詞不定式 ( (to +to +動詞原形動詞原形) )（3 3）動詞的）動詞的- -s s形式形式（用于一般現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單用于一般現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)數(shù)）（4 4）動詞的）動詞的inging形式形式（動名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞動名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞）（5 5）過去式過去式 （用于一般過去時用于一般過去時）（6 6）過去分詞過去分詞（構(gòu)成完成時和被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成完成時和被動語態(tài)）1 1、動詞、動詞原形原形（1 1）一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時除單三形式除單三形式都用都用原形原形。（2 2）祈使句祈使句：動詞動詞原形原形開頭開頭, , 可加可加please, letplease, let。 否定祈使句否定祈使句 Dont +Dont +動詞動詞原形原形（3 3）助動詞助動詞do, does, diddo, does, did幫助構(gòu)成疑問幫助構(gòu)成疑問句后用句后用動詞動詞原形原形，dont, doesnt, dont, doesnt, didndidnt, will, wont +t, will, wont +動詞原形動詞原形（4 4）情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞can, could, cant, can, could, cant, couldnt, may, must, mustncouldnt, may, must, mustnt, t, should should 等等+ +動詞動詞原形原形（5 5）had better had better dodo sth sth, , had better had better not donot do sth sth. .（6 6）why not why not dodo sth sth? ?（7 7）would you please would you please dodo sth sth? ? would you please would you please not donot do sth sth? ?（8 8）prefer prefer to doto do sth sth rather than rather than dodo sth sth else else （9 9）不帶不帶toto的動詞不定式的動詞不定式使役動詞使役動詞let, have, make sblet, have, make sb. . dodo sth sth ( (改為被動語態(tài)要加改為被動語態(tài)要加to)to)感官動詞感官動詞 see, hear, watch, feel, see, hear, watch, feel, notice(notice(注意到注意到) ) sbsb. . dodo sth sth. (. (改為被動改為被動語態(tài)要加語態(tài)要加to)to) ( (看到，聽到，感到，注意到某人看到，聽到，感到，注意到某人做了做了某事某事) )注意：注意：see, hear, watch, notice see, hear, watch, notice sbsb. . doingdoing sth sth ( (看到，聽到，感到，注意到某人看到，聽到，感到，注意到某人正在做正在做某事某事) )2 2、帶帶toto的不定式的不定式動詞不定式的否定動詞不定式的否定Mother told meMother told me not tonot to g o o u t a l o n e a t g o o u t a l o n e a t night.night.跟動詞不定式的動詞跟動詞不定式的動詞want (sbwant (sb) ) to doto do sth sthask (sbask (sb) ) to doto do sth sth. .tell (sbtell (sb) ) to doto do sth sth. .seem seem to doto do (be) (be) wish wish to doto do sth sthhope hope to doto do sth sthagree agree to doto do sth sthexpect (sbexpect (sb) ) to doto do sth sthrefuse refuse to doto do sth sthdecide decide to doto do sth sthmake a decision make a decision to doto do sthsthafford afford to doto do sth sthhave enough have enough to doto do sthsthlearn learn to doto do sth sthtry try to doto do sth sthfail fail to doto do sth sthfind sbfind sb. . to beto be.動詞不定式作定語動詞不定式作定語Lets get something delicious Lets get something delicious to to eateat. .Its ones duty Its ones duty to doto do sth sth. .wait for ones turn wait for ones turn to doto do sth sth. .動詞不定式表目的動詞不定式表目的use sthuse sth. . to doto do sth sth be used be used to doto do sth sthdo(try) ones best do(try) ones best to doto do sth sthHe flew to Beijing He flew to Beijing to spend his to spend his holidayholiday. .He cameHe came to give us a talk to give us a talk yesterday. yesterday.形容詞形容詞+ +動詞不定式動詞不定式be be enough enough to doto do sth sthbe afraid be afraid to doto do sth sthbe sorry be sorry to doto dobe glad be glad to doto doBe careful Be careful to doto do sth sthIts Its (for sb (for sb.) .) to doto do sthsth. .Its Its (of sb (of sb.) .) to doto do sth sth. .tootoo to to結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞疑問詞+ +動詞不定式動詞不定式where to go, what to do, where to go, what to do, how to do it, how to answer how to do it, how to answer the questionthe question下面的半情態(tài)動詞含下面的半情態(tài)動詞含totoused to do sth used to do sth would like to do sthwould like to do sthbe able to do sthbe able to do sthhave to do sthhave to do sth3 3、動詞的、動詞的- -inging形式形式-動名詞動名詞動名詞做主語動名詞做主語TravelTravelinging by air is very exciting. by air is very exciting.TakTaking ing care of our environment is very care of our environment is very important.important.動名詞做賓語動名詞做賓語keep dokeep doinging sth. practise sth. practise do doinging sth sthenjoy doenjoy doinging sth sth finish dofinish doinging sth sthbe worth dobe worth doinging sth sth give up dogive up doinging sth sthkeep on dokeep on doinging sth sth carry on docarry on doinging sth sthfeel like dofeel like doinging sth sth介詞介詞+ +動名詞作賓語動名詞作賓語be good be good atat do doinging sth sthdo well do well inin do doinging sth sthinstead instead ofof do doinging sth sthstop sbstop sb. (. (fromfrom) do) doinging sth sthprevent sbprevent sb. (. (fromfrom) do) doinging sth sthkeep sbkeep sb. . fromfrom do doinging sth sth( (阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事) )keep sb. doing sthkeep sb. doing sth（使某人不斷做某事）（使某人不斷做某事）4 4、既可以跟動詞不定式又可以跟動名詞的動詞、既可以跟動詞不定式又可以跟動名詞的動詞like, love, hatelike, love, hate( (恨，討厭）恨，討厭）, , begin, startbegin, start5 5、下列動詞跟動詞不定式和跟動名詞意思不同、下列動詞跟動詞不定式和跟動名詞意思不同remember doing sth remember doing sth 記得做了記得做了remember to do sth remember to do sth 記著要做記著要做forget doing sth forget doing sth 忘記做過了忘記做過了forget to do sth forget to do sth 忘了要做忘了要做stop doing sth stop doing sth 停止做某事停止做某事stop to do sth stop to do sth 停下來做另一件事停下來做另一件事go on doing sth go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做繼續(xù)做go on to do sth go on to do sth 接下來做接下來做6 6、動詞的動詞的- -inging形式形式-現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨動作現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨動作be busy dobe busy doinging sth sthBeethoven worked all night Beethoven worked all night writwritinging down the new piece of music.down the new piece of music. friends get together and go from friends get together and go from house to house house to house singsinginging Christmas Christmas songssongs.現(xiàn)在分詞用于進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在分詞用于進(jìn)行時: :現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時: :am/ is/ are+am/ is/ are+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時: : was/ were+was/ were+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞7 7、過去分詞（規(guī)則變化、過去分詞（規(guī)則變化+ +ed, ed, 不規(guī)則變化）不規(guī)則變化） 過去分詞構(gòu)成完成時、被動語態(tài)過去分詞構(gòu)成完成時、被動語態(tài) 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時: : have/ has+have/ has+過去分詞過去分詞 被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時: :am,is,aream,is,are+ +過去分過去分詞詞 一般過去時一般過去時: :was, werewas, were+ +過去分詞過去分詞 一般將來時一般將來時: : will bewill be+ +過去分詞過去分詞 含情態(tài)動詞含情態(tài)動詞: :can/may/must becan/may/must be+ +過去分過去分詞詞B B、做題方法：、做題方法：1 1、根據(jù)、根據(jù)上下文上下文和和關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞（信號詞）（信號詞）判斷判斷時態(tài)時態(tài)。2 2、注意、注意動名詞、不定式、原形動名詞、不定式、原形3 3、注意單、復(fù)數(shù)、注意單、復(fù)數(shù)4 4、想著、想著被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)04年真題年真題 A Jim is a lovely boy, but he 81 (have)a bad memory. Last Sunday morning. Tom 82 (play)in his bedroom when his mother asked him 83 (go) shopping. She told him not to forget to buy six oranges, ten eggs and some meat. Mum, I 84 _ (remember). Tom answered with a smile. When he 85 (return) home and saw his mother, his face turned red. He said, I am sorry, mum. I have forgotten to buy oranges and meat. I remembered to buy the eggs, but I dropped four of them.haswas playingto go will remember /have rememberedreturnedBDear Li Ping, I havent heard from you for long. How are you 86 (get)on with your work? I 87 _ (finish) the exams already. I think I 88 _ (be)able to pass them. Now I have much time 89 _ (write) this letter to you. At school we are often 90 _ (tell)that China is a beautiful country.Though it is far away from New York. I d like to go there one day.Please write back soon.have finishedwill beto writetold05年真題年真題 AA: May I （81）_（speak）to Susan, please?B: Speaking. Is that you. Tom?A: Yes. it is. Im going to New York tomorrow.B. Oh, how lucky you are! How long （82）_you _（stay）there?A: Two days. Well, Susan, you（83）_（be）there several times. Can you tell me something about the city?B: Id love to. We can have a talk this evening.A: Why （84）_（not come）over to dinner at my house at five oclock? My mother （85）_（cook）for us now.B: OK. See you at five oclock.A: See you. speakhavestayedhave beennot comeis cooking B In England nobody under the age of eighteen（86）_（allow）to drink in a bar（酒吧）（酒吧）. Everyone（87）_（know）it well. It was Jacks eighteenth birthday yesterday. Mr. Smith（88）_（take） him to his usual bar for the first time. They drank for half an hour, and then Mr. Smith said to his son, “Now, Jack, （89）_（listen）to me. You must always be careful（90）_（not drink）too much.” “But how can I know I have had enough?” “Well, I will tell you. Do you see those two lights at the corner of the bar? When you see four there, youve had enough and should go home.” “But, Dad,” said Jack, “I can only see one light there.”is allowedknowstooklistennot to drink06年真題年真題 AOne night, a 5-year-old son (81) _ (teach) by his mother about God. “Do you know that God (82) _ (know) where everybody is , and exactly what they are doing. So if you do something wrong, he (83) _ (get) angry.” The little boy (84) _ (look) at his mother and said, “Wow! He must (85) _ (have) a computer!”was toldknowswill getlookedhaveBSummer (86) _ (come) now. If its a bright clear day outside, you had better (87) _ (wear) a pair of sunglasses. They can help you stop the sunshine from (88) _ (hurt) your eyes. If you (89)_already _ (regard) sunglasses as a part of your summer life, thats good. If not, please (90) _ (learn) to do so.is coming / has comewearhurtinghaveregardedlearn A My little brother is a couch-potato(電視迷電視迷). He can keep 6_ (watch)TV for a whole day without a rest. One day, when h e 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( w a t c h ) T V , he8_(stop)by my mother. Mother said to him, “If you9_(watch)it for too long. Your eyes5_(become) bad!”watchingwas watchingwas stoppedwatchwill becomeExercises: B I think the children can _ (1 share) some housework, its a big help because parents _ (2work) hard every day. Last Sunday morning, I _ (3 plan) to play football, but when I saw my mum _ (4 get) ready for the washing. I decided to help her. So I told my friends _ (5 play) football by themselves. Mum was happy to see that, she was proud of me. shareworkplannedgettingto play C Im busy working these days. I (1)_(not receive) any news from my family since last Sunday. Now I (2)_(send)an e-mail to them. My father (3)_(tell) me to buy him a new TV set. He enjoys (4)_(watch) TV plays. If I am free, Ill buy one for him. I t h i n k h e w i l l b e v e r y h a p p y (5)_(see) it.havent receivedam sendingtoldwatchingto see DXiao Qing likes_(1play) computers games very much. He used _ (2play) games in the Internet bar every day. But now he _ (3study) hard. He said, “I _ (4waste) a lot of time. I must work harder_ (5catch) up with my classmates.” Its never too late to study!playing/to playto playis studyinghave wastedto catch E All of my students think Im a good teacher. I (1) _ (work) in the school since 1999. I am always nice to my students. I often (2)_ (help) them with their school work. So I(3)_ (regard) as their best friend. They love me very much and they often do something nice for me. One day before Teachers Day, some of my students (4)_(buy) me some presents. When they gave me the presents, they said “ Thank you for teaching us so well and we (5)_ (study) harder than before.” How nice my students are!have worked/have been workinghelpam regardedboughtwill study FThe 2008 Olympic Games _ (6 hold) in Beijing. So more and more people _ (7 learn) to speak English. Gao Ming is a Junior school student, his English is good and he _(8 be) a volunteer(志愿者志愿者). These days, he _ (9 be) busy teaching his neighbors English. “_(10 make) more contributions to the 2008 Olympic Games is essential” , he said. will be heldare learningisisMaking