INFINITIVE 不定式由不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式構(gòu)成，其否定形式是是“not/never to do”，不定式可以帶賓語或，不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可作主語、但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時(shí)用語。不定式的邏輯主語有時(shí)用“for/of+名詞名詞或代詞賓格或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式一般式to doto be done完成式完成式to have doneto have been done進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式to be doing完成進(jìn)完成進(jìn) 行式行式to have been doingTo know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another.做那種事真是愚蠢做那種事真是愚蠢.To do that sort of thing is foolish.= It is foolish to do that sort of thing.比較比較:Walking after supper is helpful.To walk in the street this evening will be nice.不定式短語作主語時(shí)，往往不定式短語作主語時(shí)，往往放在謂語之后，用放在謂語之后，用it作形式作形式主語。主語。e.g My task is to keep our classroom clean. 眼見為實(shí)：眼見為實(shí)：To See is to believe Seeing is believing. 你要干的事就是盡快把這項(xiàng)工作做完。你要干的事就是盡快把這項(xiàng)工作做完。All you have to do is finish the job quickly.All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly. Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job. He promised not to tell anyone about it. I found it interesting to work with him.注注以下動(dòng)詞只能跟不定式做賓語：以下動(dòng)詞只能跟不定式做賓語：afford, agree, ask, decide, demand, expect, fail, help, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, wish, attempt不定式短語作賓語時(shí)，如果不定式短語作賓語時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后，而用之后，而用it作形式賓語。作形式賓語。 不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but，except后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的這些介詞后的不定式不帶不定式不帶to，否則要，否則要帶帶to。例如：例如： She could do nothing but cry 她只會(huì)哭了。她只會(huì)哭了。 I have no choice but to go 我不得不走。我不得不走。注注Do you have anything to say?There are a lot of TV sets to choose from.(有有許多電視可供挑選擇許多電視可供挑選擇)We found a house to live in.（我們找到了一所我們找到了一所房子?。┓孔幼。?He is looking for a room to live in 他在找一個(gè)房間住。他在找一個(gè)房間住。There is nothing to worry about 無什么可擔(dān)心的。無什么可擔(dān)心的。 Please give me a knife to cut with 請給我把刀子來切東西。請給我把刀子來切東西。注：作定語的不定式如果是注：作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，不定式后面須的地點(diǎn)工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。有相應(yīng)的介詞。 但是，不定式所但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是修飾的名詞如果是time，place或或way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。省去。He had no money and no place to live他沒錢沒地方住他沒錢沒地方住。She has a great wish to travel around the word.He must keep the promise to pay within a month.一些要求不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞后一些要求不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞后,仍可帶不定式做定語仍可帶不定式做定語.如如: agreement, attempt, decision, promise, wish, plan Betty was the first to know the truth. The easiest way to learn English is staying at an English family.名詞前有序數(shù)詞，最高級或名詞前有序數(shù)詞，最高級或next, only等修飾時(shí)等修飾時(shí)注注2注注3目的狀語目的狀語:He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.原因狀語原因狀語:They jumped with joy to hear the news.方式狀語方式狀語:He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.不定式修飾作表語或賓補(bǔ)的形容詞不定式修飾作表語或賓補(bǔ)的形容詞:They thought you unwilling to tell the truth.I am very glad to hear it.結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語:Im too tired to walk any further tonight.不定式作結(jié)果狀語的常用結(jié)構(gòu)不定式作結(jié)果狀語的常用結(jié)構(gòu): so + adj. / adv. + as to do 如此如此 以致于以致于 such + adj. + n. +as to do 如此如此以致于以致于 adj. / adv.+ enough + to do 足夠足夠 too + adv. / adj. + to do 太太以致于不能以致于不能例如：例如： He is too old to do thatThe room is big enough to hold us動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語+帶帶to的不定式的不定式: She asked me to stay there. Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, drive, tell, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hire, intend, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, want, warm表示見解、看法的動(dòng)詞表示見解、看法的動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語+帶帶to的不定式：的不定式： We found the rumor to be true. I consider him to have done wrong.believe, consider, declare, discover, feel(認(rèn)為認(rèn)為),find, imagine, judge, suppose, think, understand. to be 或或 to have done表示好惡的動(dòng)詞表示好惡的動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語+帶帶to的不定式：的不定式： I like people to tell the truth. Do you prefer me to do the work by myself?dislike, like, prefer, hate, love, want動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞短語+賓語賓語+帶帶to的不定式的不定式： Im waiting for you to reply. You can depend on Jack to help you.arrange for, ask for, call on, count on, long for, depend on, rely on, wait for知覺動(dòng)詞知覺動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語+不帶不帶to的不定式的不定式 I heard the clock tick. I liked to listen to the birds sing when I get up early in the morning.see, notice, watch, look at, observe, hear, listen to, feel使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語+不帶不帶to的不定式的不定式 Dont make the children do such heavy work. Shall I have him come here?have, make, letThey shouldnt be made to do such heavy work.但是這些句中如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就但是這些句中如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就 必須帶必須帶to。 To tell the truth，I dont agree with you 說實(shí)話，我不同意你的觀點(diǎn)。說實(shí)話，我不同意你的觀點(diǎn)。To tell you the truth,To be frank ,To be exact,To begin with,To make a long story short, who，which， when，where ,how，what等連用，等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。表語、賓語等。例如：例如：He didnt know what to say. (賓語賓語) How to solve the problem is very important ?（主語）（主語）My question is when to start(表語表語) 注意注意:在與在與why連用時(shí)連用時(shí),只用于只用于why或或why not開頭的簡短疑開頭的簡短疑問句中問句中,后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶式不帶to。 例如：例如： Why not have a rest? OF（品質(zhì)） / FOR （特征） SB. TO DO * It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do eg: It is brave of him to save the girl in the water. 例如：例如：kind, nice, good, brave, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, honest, careless, cruel, generous etc. *It is +adj.+for sb.(用賓格用賓格) +to do eg.1: It is not difficult for us to learn English well. 例如：例如：difficult, wonderful, meaningful, useful, painful, 當(dāng)不定式在某些詞后充當(dāng)成分時(shí)，?？墒÷詣?dòng)詞原形，但要保留不定式的符號“TO”1） 形容詞后不定式的省略，如：happy, glad, eager, anxious, ready -Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. I am happy to. -Will you go to the cinema with us? -Sorry, I dont want to.（2） 動(dòng)詞后不定式的省略， 如： like, love, care, wish , hope, want, expect, prefer, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade（3） 賓語補(bǔ)足語中的省略， 如： ask, tell, order, persuade, advise, permit, allowThe boy wants to ride his bike in the street, but his mother tells him not to（4） 在某些固定用法中的省略，如：ought to, have to, used to, be able to，be going to -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -I was going to, but I had an unexpected visitor. 注意：如果動(dòng)詞為注意：如果動(dòng)詞為be和和have時(shí)，保留該詞。時(shí)，保留該詞。 Do you want to be a teacher? Yes,I want to be.1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A not make B not to make C not making D do not make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C to be expecting D expects4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it6. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning7. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned out yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met8. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to9. The patient was warmed _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating10. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone