專項提能計劃專項提能計劃閱讀理解（一）閱讀理解（一）人物傳記類人物傳記類(2011高考山東卷高考山東卷A)Arthur Miller(19152005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.Millers father had moved to the USA from AustriaHungary，drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”However,he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.Millers most famous play，Death of a Salesman，is a powerful attack on the American system，with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.In Willy Loman,the hero of the play，we see a man who has got into trouble with this system.Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment：if he cant do the work，then he is no good to his employer，the Wagner Company，and he must go.Willy is painfully aware of this，and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success.He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.When it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews，and it won the Tony Award for Best Play，the New York Drama CriticsCircle Award，and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury，Connecticut，on the evening of February 10,2005，the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.56Why did Arthur Millers father move to the USA?AHe suffered from severe hunger in his home country.BHe was attracted by the “Great American Dream”BCHe hoped to make his son a dramatist.DHis family business failed.57The play Death of a Salesman_.Aexposes the cruelty of the American business worldBdiscusses the ways to get promoted in a companyACtalks about the business career of Arthur MillerDfocuses on the skills in doing business58What can we learn about Willy Loman?AHe treats his employer badly.BHe runs the Wagner Company.CHe is a victim of the American system.DHe is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.C59After it was first staged，Death of a Salesman_.Aachieved huge successBwon the first Tony AwardCwas warmly welcomed by salesmenDwas severely attacked by dramatistsA60What is the text mainly about?AArthur Miller and his family.BThe awards Arthur Miller won.CThe hardship Arthur Miller experienced.DArthur Miller and his bestknown play.D破題思路破題思路本文向我們介紹了本文向我們介紹了20世紀(jì)偉大的劇作世紀(jì)偉大的劇作家家Arthur Miller以及他的代表作以及他的代表作Death of a Salesman。疑難剖析疑難剖析When it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews，and it won the Tony Award for Best Play，the New York Drama CriticsCircle Award，and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.(Paragraph 3)整體上看，該句是一個由整體上看，該句是一個由and連接的連接的并列復(fù)合句，第一個分句中使用了并列復(fù)合句，第一個分句中使用了when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，第二個引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，第二個分句是一個簡單句，其賓語較為復(fù)雜。分句是一個簡單句，其賓語較為復(fù)雜。名師支招名師支招本文屬于人物傳記類文章，該類命題本文屬于人物傳記類文章，該類命題的題量也較大。文章中往往會出現(xiàn)關(guān)的題量也較大。文章中往往會出現(xiàn)關(guān)于該人物的大量細(xì)節(jié)信息，有些細(xì)節(jié)于該人物的大量細(xì)節(jié)信息，有些細(xì)節(jié)很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些則很間接，需要綜合、歸納、推理些則很間接，需要綜合、歸納、推理才能得出。另外，才能得出。另外，雖然人物傳記類文章的時間、空間或雖然人物傳記類文章的時間、空間或邏輯線索較清晰，但是為了提高難度邏輯線索較清晰，但是為了提高難度,命題者往往使用倒敘或插敘等手段故命題者往往使用倒敘或插敘等手段故意打亂故事的陳述次序，使行文的跳意打亂故事的陳述次序，使行文的跳躍性增強(qiáng)，情節(jié)復(fù)雜化。如第躍性增強(qiáng)，情節(jié)復(fù)雜化。如第58題，題，第二段第一句話告訴我們，第二段第一句話告訴我們，推銷員推銷員之死之死是對美國制度的有力的抨擊，是對美國制度的有力的抨擊，后面又告訴我們在這金錢至上的制度后面又告訴我們在這金錢至上的制度里，主人公因迷茫、失敗最終里，主人公因迷茫、失敗最終“kills himself”，暴露了美國商業(yè)世界的殘，暴露了美國商業(yè)世界的殘酷酷(exposes the cruelty of the American business world)，由此可，由此可知他是美國制度的受害者。知他是美國制度的受害者。