溫故而知新，下筆如有神。 近2年英語六級專題測練習及答案（第一套） Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of community responsibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 【參考范文】 There is no doubt that community responsibility plays an indispensable role in personal development, for instance, in the workplace. There are several factors accounting for this perspective and the following are the most typical ones. First and foremost, a strong sense of community responsibility is helpful to develop harmonious interpersonal relationships. As we all know, we are very likely to spend more time with our colleagues than our families after entering the workplace. Therefore, the sound working atmosphere and interpersonal relationships among employees are crucial to both physical and mental pleasure. In addition, community responsibility can improve efficiency. In the fast-paced modern society, time is money and efficiency holds the key to saving time. As the saying goes, two heads are better than one. So great importance should be attached to the cultivation of the sense of community responsibility and we will eventually benefit from it. From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that the sense of community responsibility is a kind of good personal quality, which deserves our attention. 【參考譯文】 毫無疑問，集體責任在個人發(fā)展中起著不可或缺的作用，例如在工作場所。 支持這一觀點的原因有很多，但以下原因是最典型的。首先，強烈的社區(qū)責任感有助于培養(yǎng)和諧的人際關系。我們都知道，進入職場后，與同事相處的時間很可能比與家人相處的時間更多。因此，良好的工作氛圍和員工之間的人際關系對大家的身心愉悅至關重要。此外，集體責任意識可以提高效率。在快節(jié)奏的現(xiàn)代社會，時間就是金錢，而效率是節(jié)約時間的關鍵。俗話說，三個臭皮匠，頂個諸葛亮。因此，我們應該高度重視集體責任感的培養(yǎng)，而且我們自己將最終會從中受益。 綜上所述，我們可以得出結(jié)論，集體責任感是一種良好的個人品質(zhì)，值得我們的關注。 Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions l to 4 are based on the conversations you have just heard. 1. A) It focuses exclusively on jazz. B) It sponsors major jazz concerts. C) It has several branches in London. D) It displays albums by new music talents. 2. A) It originated with cowboys. B) Its market has now shrunk. C) Its listeners are mostly young people. D) It remains as widespread as hip hop music. 3. A) Its definition is varied and complicated. B) It is still going through experimentation. C) It is frequently accompanied by singing. D) Its style has remained largely unchanged. 4. A) Learn to play them. B) Take music lessons. C) Listen to them yourself. D) Consul jazz musicians. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversations you have just heard. 5. A) She paid her mortgage. B) She called on the man. C) She made a business plan. D) She went to the bank. 6. A) Her previous debt hadn’t been cleared yet. B) Her credit history was considered poor. C) She had apparently asked for too much. D) She didn’t pay her mortgage in time. 7. A) Pay a debt long overdue. B) Buy a piece of property. C) Start her own business. D) Check her credit history. 8. A) Seek advice from an expert about fund raising. B) Ask for smaller loans from different lenders. C) Build up her own finances step by step. D) Revise her business proposal carefully. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard. 9. A) It is profitable and environmentally friendly. B) It is well located and completely automated. C) It is small and unconventional. D) It is fertile and productive. 10.A) Their urge to make farming more enjoyable. B) Their desire to improve farming equipment. C) Their hope to revitalize traditional farming. D) Their wish to set a new farming standard 11.A) It saves a lot of electricity. B) It needs little maintenance. C) It causes hardly any pollution. D) It loosens soil while weeding. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12.A) It has turned certain insects into a new food source. B) It has started on expand business outside the UK. C) It has imported some exotic foods from overseas. D) It has joined hands with Sainsbury’s to sell pet insects. 13.A) It was really unforgettable. B) It was a pleasant surprise. C) It hurt his throat slightly. D) It made him feel strange. 14.A) They are more tasty than beef, chicken or pork. B) They are more nutritious than soups and salads. C) They contain more protein than conventional meats. D) They will soon gain popularity throughout the world. 15.A) It is environmentally friendly. B) It is a promising industry. C It requires new technology. D) It saves huge amounts of labour. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recording will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A)To categorize different types of learners. B) To find out what students prefer to learn. C) To understand the mechanism of the human brain. D) To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning. 17. A) It was defective. B)It was misguided. C) It was original in design. D) It was thought-provoking. 18. A) Auditory aids are as important as visual aids. B) Visual aids are helpful to all types of learners. C) Reading plain texts is more effective than viewing pictures. D) Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard. 19. A) Not playing a role in a workplace revolution. B) Not benefiting from free-market capitalism. C) Not earning enough money to provide for the family. D) Not spending enough time on family life and leisure. 20. A) People would be working only fifteen hours a week now. B) The balance of power in the workplace would change. C) Technological advances would create many new jobs. D) Most workers could afford to have a house of their own. 21. A) Loss of workers’ personal dignity. B) Deprivation of workers’ creativity. C) Deterioration of workers’ mental health. D) Unequal distribution of working hours. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 22. A) It is the worst managed airport in German history. B) It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe. C) It has become something of a joke among Germans. D) It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency. 23. A) The city’s airports are outdated. B) The city had just been reunified. C) The city wanted to boost its economy. D) The city wanted to attract more tourists. 24. A) The municipal government kept changing hands. B) The construction firm breached the contract. C) Shortage of funding delayed its construction. D) Problems of different kinds kept popping up. 25. A) Tourism industry in Berlin suffers. B)All kinds of equipment gets rusted. C) Huge maintenance costs accumulate. D) Complaints by local residents increase. Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen appliances what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain 26 , people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects. Sometimes we see things as human because we are 27 . In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute 28 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can 29 loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 30 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. According to the researchers, the participants' phones 31 substituted for real friends. At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents yelled at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and 32 .” So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are 33 with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them—especially in 34 situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with gills (護柵) that were upturned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this 35 as increasing a car's friendliness. A) alleviate I) desires B) apparently J) excluded C) arrogant K) feature D) associated L) lonely E) circumstances M) separate F) competitive N) spectacularly G) conceded O) warrant H) consciousness 【參考答案】 26-30 ELIAJ 31-35 BHDFK Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. [A] Though he didn’t come from a farming family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea of living off the land. Reading magazines like The Stockman Grass Farmer and Graze, he got hooked on the idea of grass-fed agriculture. The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him He thought the shorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer. [B] Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test. In 2009, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery, an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York. He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand for grass-fed products currently exceeds supply. Grass-fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate. Sales of grass-fed yogurt and kefir (發(fā)酵乳飲品) on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%. This is in comparison with a drop of just under 1% in the total yogurt and kefir market according to natural and organic market research company SPINS. Joseph’s top priority became getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-cow herd wasn’t going to suffice [C] His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York. The Amburghs, too, were true believers in grass-fed. In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convent from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain. Since 2010, the couple has helped 125 small dairy farms convert to grass-fed, with more than 80% of those farms coming on board during the last two years. [D] All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began with no end in sight. Joseph has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert. But convincing open-minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics. Grass-fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk. Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins. By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed. These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland’s natural seed bunk, and fertilized by the cows’ own fertilizer [E] Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits: Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement. Grazing herds stimulate microbial (微生物的) activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon. And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats. [F] In the grass fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the international commodity market. The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus. Going grass-fed is a safe refuge, a way for family-scale farms to stay viable. Usually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what they’re doing is not working. That’s when they call Maple Hill. If the farm is well managed and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin. Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management. Maple Hill signs a contract pledging to buy the farmer’s milk at a guaranteed base price, plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter fat and other solids. [G] While Maple Hill's conversion program is unusually hands on and comprehensive, it’s just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing the way America farms. Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer-to-peer learning a core piece of the company’s culture. Last summer, Massachusetts grass-fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass-fed beef farms in New England and New York that is projected to bring to market 2,500 head of cattle from 125 producers this year. Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members. Since he began to informally announce the network at farming conferences and on social media, he’s received a steady stream of inquiries from interested farmers. [H] Smith says he’ll provide services ranging from formal seminars to on-farm workshops on holistic (整體的) management, to one-on-one hand-holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting. In exchange, he guarantees an above-market price for each animal and a calf-to-customer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union. [1] Though advocates portray grass fed products as a win-win situation for all, they do have downsides. Price, for one, is an issue. Joseph says his products are priced 10-20% above organic versions, but depending on the product chosen, compared to non-organic conventional yogurt, consumers could pay a premium of 30-50% or more for grass-fed. As for the meat, Smith says his grass-fed hamburger will be priced 20-25% over the conventional alternative. But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a grass-fed premium of anywhere from 35-60%， [J] And not every farmer has the option of going grass-fed. For both beef and dairy production it requires, at least in the beginning, more pastureland. Grass-fed beef production tends to be more labor-intensive as well. But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government corn subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human heath and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost-effective model. “The sun provides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat,” he says. [K] Another grass-fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC, which makes meat-based protein bars. Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes; now they’re advocates of grass-fed meat. Soon after launching EPIC’S most successful product - the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar - Collins and Forrest found they’d exhausted their sources for bison (北美野牛) raised exclusively on pasture. When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed. The rest is feed-lot confined and fed grain and corn. [L] But after General Mills bought EPIC in 2016, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed to expand their supply chain. So the company teamed up with Wisconsin-based rancher Northstar Bison. EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of $2.5 million worth of young bison that will be raised according to its grass-fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price. The message to young people who might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is,“You can purchase this $3 million piece of land here, because I’m guaranteeing you today you'll have 1,000 bison on it.’ We’re bringing new blood into the old, conventional farming ecosystem, which is really cool to see,” Collins explains. 36. Farmers going grass-fed are not affected by the ever-changing milk prices of the global market. 37. Over the years, Tim Joseph’s partners have helped many dairy farmers to switch to grass-fed. 38. One advocate believes that many other benefits should be taken into consideration when we assess the cost-effectiveness of grass-fed farming. 39. Many dairy farmers were persuaded to switch to grass-fed when they saw its advantage in terms of profits. 40. Tim Joseph’s grass-fed program is only one example of how American farming practice is changing. 41. Tim Joseph was fascinated by the notion that sunlight brings energy and wealth to mankind. 42. One problem with grass-fed products is that they are usually more expensive than conventional ones. 43. Grass fed products have proved to be healthier and more nutritious. 44. When Tim Joseph started his business, he found grass-fed products fell short of demand. 45. A snack bar producer discovered that the supply of purely grass-fed bison met was scarce. 【參考答案】 36-40 FCJDG 41-45 AIEBK Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Schools are not just a microcosm(縮影) of society: they mediate it too. The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside-- at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons. This is ambitious in any circumstances. and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地).