第二部分第二部分 語法專項(xiàng)專練語法專項(xiàng)專練 專題一派生詞 在新課標(biāo)全國卷的語法填空題中，有涉及單詞的形式變化的題目。此外，新考綱要求考生掌握3 000多個(gè)英語單詞。因此，掌握常用派生詞的構(gòu)詞方法不僅能幫助同學(xué)們做好語法填空題，還能幫助同學(xué)們擴(kuò)大詞匯量，為同學(xué)們在高考中穩(wěn)操勝券奠定基礎(chǔ)。 一、名詞后綴 1動(dòng)詞ion/tion/sion名詞(表示動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作過程) correct v改正；糾正 correction n改正 celebrate v慶祝 celebration n慶祝；慶祝會(huì) conclude v完成；結(jié)束 conclusion n結(jié)論；結(jié)束 2動(dòng)詞er/or名詞(表示從事某種職業(yè)或進(jìn)行某種活動(dòng)的人) drive v駕駛開車；驅(qū)趕 driver n司機(jī)；駕駛員 gather v聚集；采集 gatherer n收集者；采集者 conduct v指揮；管理 conductor n指揮；售票員 3動(dòng)詞ment名詞 punish v懲罰 punishment n懲罰 4動(dòng)詞/形容詞th名詞 warm adj.溫暖的 warmth n溫暖 grow v生長 growth n生長 5形容詞y名詞 difficult adj.困難的 difficulty n困難 honest adj.誠實(shí)的 honesty n誠實(shí) 6形容詞ness名詞 kind adj.善良的 kindness n善良 7動(dòng)詞ance名詞 annoy vt.使煩惱 annoyance n生氣；煩惱 8ship結(jié)尾的名詞(表示身份；關(guān)系；資格) member n成員； 會(huì)員 membership n會(huì)員資格 professor n教授 professorship n教授身份 9ing結(jié)尾的名詞 garden n花園 gardening n園藝 greet v打招呼；問候 greetings n問候 學(xué)以致用 語篇填空(用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列短文) A From the 1._(express) on Marys face，he knew he left a bad 2._(impress) on her and if she won the 3._(elect) to become chairman of the Environment 4._(organize)，he could not get her 5. _(permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of 6. _(pollute) and to help people enjoy a better earth.When he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation，he got 7._(inspire) from his wifes words.Yes，he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his 8._(determine) to work for the organization.“My dear，you are really a wonderful 9._(help)！Im sure I will be the 10. _(win) of the election.”He said to his wife excitedly. 答案1.expression2.impression3.election 4Organization5.permission6.pollution7.inspiration 8determination9.helper10.winner B It was really a hard time when Li Ping first came to the United States.His 1._(earn) could hardly cover the expenses，so when his wife gave 2._(bear) to their second daughter，they could not afford enough nutrition food.Soon，poor nutrition caused the 3._(die) of the poor baby.4._(lonely) was another problem because they had no 5._(relate) or friends there.Thanks to his 6._(brave) and 7._(persevere)，he managed to gain the 8._(citizen) of the United States and in the end he had his permanent 9. _(settle)He always tells his children like this: Perseverance leads to 10._(happy) and success. 答案1.earnings2.birth3.death4.Loneliness 5relations6.bravery7.perseverance8.citizenship9.settlement10.happiness 二、形容詞后綴 1常見形容詞后綴 (1)名詞al形容詞(表示“有屬性”，“與有關(guān)”) agriculture n農(nóng)業(yè) agricultural adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的 (2)動(dòng)詞ive形容詞 decide v決定；下決心 decisive adj.決定性的；關(guān)鍵的 (3)動(dòng)詞able形容詞(表示“能夠”，“適于”，“值得”) change v變化；兌換 changeable adj.易變的；變化無常的 (4)名詞 ful形容詞 care n小心；關(guān)心 careful adj.小心的；仔細(xì)的 (5)名詞less形容詞(意思與原名詞相反) care n. 小心；關(guān)心 careless adj.粗心的 (6)名詞ly形容詞 friend n朋友 friendly adj.友好的 (7)名詞y形容詞 dirt n污物；臟物 dirty adj.臟的 (8)名詞ous形容詞 danger n危險(xiǎn) dangerous adj.危險(xiǎn)的 2復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成 (1)形容詞ing分詞 easygoing隨和的 (2)形容詞名詞ed kindhearted善良的；好心的 (3)名詞ed分詞 watercovered被水覆蓋的 (4)副詞ed分詞 wellwritten寫得好的 (5)數(shù)詞名詞ed threelegged三條腿的 學(xué)以致用 .閱讀下列句子，寫出畫線單詞的意思 1Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.(2014新課標(biāo)閱讀B)() 2Strangely enough，after the trial，the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee.(2014山東高考閱讀C)() 3Similarly，it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.(2014江蘇高考任務(wù)型閱讀)() 4Then I heard a friendly voice saying，“You can share my table.”(2014安徽高考完形)() 5They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table.(2014浙江高考閱讀B)() 答案1.充足的；富足的2.奇怪的3.有益的4.友好的 5可見的 .語篇填空 A：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列短文 Lucy likes talking and everybody says she is 1._(communicate)She is 2._(act) in answering the teachers questions and from time to time her classmates find her answers quite 3._(impress) and 4. _(accept). Of course，not every student likes her，but she has many friends who think Lucy is a 5. _(create) and 6._(help) girl.For example，she once led a 7. _(home) child to her home and made the child her younger sister.Besides，she spent 8._(count) hours caring for a sick neighbor until she was well again.She is 9. _(friend) to those who have difficulty with their subjects.All in all，Lucy is the most 10. _(fame) girl in her school. 答案municative2.active3.impressive 4acceptable5.creative6.helpful7.homeless 8countless9.friendly10.famous B：運(yùn)用所學(xué)構(gòu)詞知識(shí)完成下列短文 Our journey was farreaching amongst_(雪封的) mountains where no_(說英語的) people live.The local people are_(相貌好看的)，_(隨和的) and_(勤勞的)Our hostess was_(年老的)，_(白發(fā)蒼蒼的) and_(被太陽曬傷的)She gave me_(自家做的) yaks milk cake，looking_(自足的) as I enjoyed this rare treat although very_(著名) and_(廣泛流傳)around here.I was exhausted when I fell into the_(準(zhǔn)備好了的) bed she prepared for me. 答案snowcovered/capped；Englishspeaking；goodlooking；easygoing；hardworking；oldaged；whitehaired；sunburnt；homemade；selfsatisfied；wellknown；widespread；readymade 三、動(dòng)詞詞綴 1前綴en形容詞動(dòng)詞 enrich v豐富 enlarge v變大；增大；擴(kuò)大 2形容詞en動(dòng)詞 shorten v縮短 widen v加寬 3fy結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞 simplify v簡化 classify v歸類 4ize結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞 realize v認(rèn)識(shí)到 popularize v普及 學(xué)以致用 .閱讀下列句子，寫出畫線部分的意思 1Extracurricular activities enable the students to know how to apply the knowledge learned in the textbooks.() 2The two countries are trying their best to normalize_their_relationship() 3Some think that studying abroad can broaden_their_horizons() 4You will horrify the baby if you speak too loudly.() 答案1.使能夠2.使關(guān)系正?；?.拓寬視野 4使驚懼 .用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1Try your best to_(memory) these new words. 2The question must be_(simple) so that we can find out a solution to it. 3It costs a lot of money if we plan to_(pure) the waste water. 4He_(quick) his steps to arrive home earlier. 5You can_(large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day. 答案1.memorize2.simplified3.purify4.quickened 5enlarge 四、否定詞綴 1表示否定意義的前綴 un不，非unable不能夠unlucky不幸的 dis不，非dishonest不誠實(shí)的discontinuous不連貫的 in不，非inactive不活躍的incorrect不正確的 im不，非impatient不耐煩的impossible不可能的 ir不，非irregular不規(guī)則的irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的 il不，非illogical 不合邏輯的illegal非法的 non不，非nonexistent不存在的nonstop直達(dá)的；連續(xù)不斷的 mis錯(cuò)誤mislead誤導(dǎo)misunderstand誤解 dis動(dòng)詞(意義相反)dislike不喜歡disagree不同意 un動(dòng)詞(意義相反)uncover揭開undress脫衣服 2表示否定意義的后綴 名詞less否定意義的形容詞 use n. 用處；用途 useless adj.無用的 hope n. 希望 hopeless adj.沒有希望的；絕望的 home n家 homeless adj.無家可歸的 學(xué)以致用 .閱讀下列短文，寫出畫線單詞的意思 A 1.misconception was that the high temperature caused the big fire.However，Miss Wang knew it was not the true story.So she insisted that the government should make the truth known to the public.When Miss Wang knew that her appeal was 2.disallowed，she felt rather 3.disappointedShe decided to 4.disclose the truth: it was human errors that were to blame for the terrible disaster.She wanted to tell the public about the coldness of some officials.She believed that the truth must be 5.uncovered now. 1_2._3._4._ 5_ 答案1.錯(cuò)誤觀念2.駁回；不準(zhǔn)許3.失望的；沮喪的4.揭露5.揭露；揭發(fā) .語篇填空(用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列短文) The speech seemed to be 1._(stop) and the listeners became very 2._(patient)When the speaker said that oil was 3._(renew) and that the best way to solve the problem was not to make cars and buses to force people to go to work or school on foot，the audience thought it was 4._(practice) and 5._(bear) to listen to him any longer.They 6._(believe) that the world would go smoothly without these modern transportations.They also thought that the speaker was 7._(responsible) to make such a statement without thinking it carefully and his speech would cause some 8._(understand)So most of the listeners chose to leave，shouting loudly and angrily. 答案1.nonstop2.impatient3.nonrenewable 4impractical5.unbearable6.disbelieved7.irresponsible8.misunderstandings 五、正確使用派生詞 1動(dòng)詞、介詞、冠詞、物主代詞等詞類后一般接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。如果所給單詞是其他詞類，就要將其改為名詞，并注意名詞數(shù)的變化。 (1)Do you know the depth (deep) of the river? (2)His carelessness (careful) resulted in the terrible accident. (3)He is one of the scientists (science) who support this theory. 2動(dòng)詞、介詞后一般接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。所給單詞為動(dòng)詞，就要看該動(dòng)詞是否有名詞形式。如果有名詞形式，就用其名詞形式。如果該動(dòng)詞沒有名詞形式，就用其動(dòng)名詞形式。此外，如果所給動(dòng)詞有名詞形式，就要看其后有無賓語。如果后有賓語，用動(dòng)名詞形式；后無賓語，則用名詞形式。 (1)Please pay attention (attend) to your handwriting. 動(dòng)詞attend本身有名詞形式attention，所以不用動(dòng)名詞attending。 (2)His arrival (arrive) made the situation worse. 動(dòng)詞arrive本身有名詞形式arrival，所以不用動(dòng)名詞arriving。 (3)The teacher was angry at my coming (come) late. 動(dòng)詞come沒有名詞，所以用動(dòng)名詞coming。 (4)Thank you for your help (help) Thank you for helping (help) me. (5)I was happy because of his appreciation (appreciate) I was happy because of his appreciating (appreciate) my speech. 上面兩組句子中，helping與appreciating后都帶有賓語，故用動(dòng)名詞。help與appreciation后沒有賓語，故用名詞形式。 3動(dòng)詞前后、形容詞前后可有副詞。如果所需詞為副詞時(shí)，還要考慮副詞級的變化。 (1)The boy ran quickly (quick) to school. (2)“Whats that？”Father shouted angrily (angry) (3)The little girl is extremely (extreme) eager to know the result of the exam. (4)Your composition is badly (bad) organized.Please do your writing exercise more attentively (attend) next time. (5)Youre driving too fast. Can you drive a bit more slowly (slow)? 4名詞前面一般可有形容詞修飾語。如果所需詞為形容詞時(shí)，還要考慮形容詞級的變化。 (1) Whats the widest (width) river in the world? (2)The stronger (strength) we become，the more modest we should be. 學(xué)以致用 .用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1Mary was very_at the news，so she looked_at her husband，her eyes full of_(sad) 2He_football very well and he was one of the best_in yesterdays football match.(play) 3Look！How_Kate is laughing！She seems to be the_girl in the world.(happy) 4To our_，the headmaster was very_with our report.(satisfy) 5Edison was a great_During his life he had many_(invent) 6I should_my task and make it_to finish it.(simple) 7The boy having the_of being half starved_，never to be seen again.(appear) 8The police_the pot and_a plot against the President.(cover) 9You are so_to help me. Thank you for your_(kindly) 10Everything is becoming_than before and many college students had to work to make some money for their college_(expend) 答案1.sad；sadly；sadness2.played；players3.happily；happiest4.satisfaction；satisfied5.inventor；inventions 6simplify；simpler/simple7.appearance；disappeared 8discovered；uncovered9.kind；kindness10.more expensive；expenses .語篇填空(用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列短文) A group of robbers dug their way into the basement of a bank in Paris and emptied almost 200 private 1._(safety) They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 2._(equip) to dig holes and destroy walls on Saturday night.They tied up a 3._(secure) guard and spent the next nine hours robbing the bank. One 4._(investigate) described the 5._(rob) as a“6._(profession) job”The robbers came in at about 2200 on Saturday and left at 700 on Sunday.They entered through the basements of the 7._(neighbour) building，digging through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80cm thick to get into the bank，which was having building works at the time.When they left，the robbers set the place on fire to 8._(move) any trace of evidence，switching on the antifire system and flooding the building.9._(fortune)，the guard escaped 10._(harm) It is difficult to estimate the total value of what was stolen as only the banks clients (儲(chǔ)戶) know the content of their private safes. 答案1.safes2.equipment3.security4.investigator5.robbery6.professional7.neighbouring8.remove9.Fortunately10.unharmed