專題九 動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁01020304目錄目錄考情分析考情分析考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)梳理典例精析典例精析備戰(zhàn)演練備戰(zhàn)演練目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁考情分析1目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁2011201120152015年河南中考考情一覽表年河南中考考情一覽表 考情解讀：考情解讀：從河南省近五年中考真題統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果可知，動(dòng)詞的語從河南省近五年中考真題統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果可知，動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)所占分?jǐn)?shù)為態(tài)所占分?jǐn)?shù)為12分，所涉及到的考點(diǎn)有三個(gè)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語分，所涉及到的考點(diǎn)有三個(gè)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這三個(gè)考點(diǎn)態(tài)、一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這三個(gè)考點(diǎn)主要在單項(xiàng)選擇中進(jìn)行考查，有時(shí)也在詞語運(yùn)用中考查。一般現(xiàn)在主要在單項(xiàng)選擇中進(jìn)行考查，有時(shí)也在詞語運(yùn)用中考查。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)在 20112014 年間交替考查，年間交替考查，一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)在一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)在 2015 年考查。因此，考生在平時(shí)備考過年考查。因此，考生在平時(shí)備考過程中，要熟練掌握這三種時(shí)態(tài)下的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。程中，要熟練掌握這三種時(shí)態(tài)下的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁考點(diǎn)梳理2目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁 英語中有兩種語態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)?？季V對(duì)動(dòng)英語中有兩種語態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)?？季V對(duì)動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的要求：被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其中包括：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語詞語態(tài)的要求：被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其中包括：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。態(tài)、一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（其中及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（其中 be 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化）。有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化）。一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁常見時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)見下表：常見時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)見下表：時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)主動(dòng)語態(tài)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)示例示例主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/are+doneMy teacher asks me some questions.I am asked some questions by my teacher.一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)didwas/were+doneThey planted trees yesterday.Trees were planted by them yesterday.一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)will/shall/be going to+dowill/shall/be going to+be doneHe will do his homework.His homework will be done by him.續(xù)表續(xù)表目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+doingam/is/are+being doneShe is washing clothes.Clothes are being washed by her.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+doingwas/were+being doneThe workers were mending the road last week.The road was being mended by the workers last week.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+donehave/has+been doneWe have discussed the question.The question has been discussed by us.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must+docan/may/must+be doneI can deal with this problem.This problem can be dealt with by me.二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。 He was greatly respected by all of us. 他很受我們的尊敬。他很受我們的尊敬。2. 不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。 All the work has been finished by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止，所有的工作都做完了。到現(xiàn)在為止，所有的工作都做完了。3. 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人，而是無生命的事物。動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人，而是無生命的事物。 The leaves are blown away by wind. 葉子被風(fēng)吹走了。葉子被風(fēng)吹走了。4. 出于禮貌不便提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者可能是自出于禮貌不便提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者可能是自 己，也可能是別人。己，也可能是別人。 I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告訴我不要吵鬧。有人多次告訴我不要吵鬧。目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁5. 有時(shí)為使句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)練、緊湊，使上下文連貫。有時(shí)為使句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)練、緊湊，使上下文連貫。 There used to be lots of coal mines in the south，but many of them have been closed，or about to be closed. 南方過去南方過去 有許多煤礦，但其中有不少現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關(guān)閉，或?qū)⒁P(guān)閉。有許多煤礦，但其中有不少現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關(guān)閉，或?qū)⒁P(guān)閉。6. 有些習(xí)慣用法只以被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式出現(xiàn)。有些習(xí)慣用法只以被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式出現(xiàn)。 When and where were you born？ 你出生在何時(shí)何地？你出生在何時(shí)何地？目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁三、主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化三、主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁1. 一般情況下將主動(dòng)句中的賓語成分變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語成分，一般情況下將主動(dòng)句中的賓語成分變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語成分， 注意人稱代詞主格與賓格的轉(zhuǎn)換，必要時(shí)用注意人稱代詞主格與賓格的轉(zhuǎn)換，必要時(shí)用by來引導(dǎo)。來引導(dǎo)。 He finished the work. The work was finished by him.2. 主動(dòng)句中感官動(dòng)詞（主動(dòng)句中感官動(dòng)詞（see，hear，watch，feel 等）和使役動(dòng)詞等）和使役動(dòng)詞 （make，let，have 等）后跟省略等）后跟省略 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語， 變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要加上變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要加上to。 We saw him play football on the playground. He was seen to play football on the playground.3. 主動(dòng)句中含有動(dòng)詞短語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要注意其完整性。主動(dòng)句中含有動(dòng)詞短語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要注意其完整性。 He turned off the light just now. The light was turned off by him just now.目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁一、把下列句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、把下列句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. Toms mother made him clean his room._2. He told me that he would come back soon._3. Jack can find a lot of differences between the two languages._4. Do you water your flowers every day？_5. The wind blew down the big tree last night._目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁 Tom was made to clean his room by his mother.I was told that he would come back soon.A lot of differences between the two languages can be found by Jack.Are your flowers watered every day？The big tree was blown down by the wind last night.（）（）1. Look at our new school. It _ last year. A. builtB. was built C. is builtD. will be built（）（）2. I am afraid that I cant finish the task successfully. Dont worry. You _ plenty of time to do it. A. will be given B. give C. will giveD. are given目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁BA二、單項(xiàng)選擇二、單項(xiàng)選擇（）（）3. Many students _ chances to show themselves in class because the class size is too big. A. dont give B. arent given C. havent given D. wont give（）（）4. The workers _ work day and night. A. are made B. are made to C. made to D. are making to目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁BB目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁典例精析典例一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)典例一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（2013河南，河南，28）Excuse me. Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself.Sorry. The book you ask for _ out.A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold【解析】【解析】 句意為：句意為：打擾一下。我在找做最好的自己打擾一下。我在找做最好的自己（這本書）。（這本書）。對(duì)不起。你想要的那本書已經(jīng)賣完了。由于對(duì)不起。你想要的那本書已經(jīng)賣完了。由于主語主語 book 是動(dòng)作是動(dòng)作 sell 的承受者，所以此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；由的承受者，所以此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；由答語中答語中“Sorry”可知，書已經(jīng)賣完了，表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)?？芍瑫呀?jīng)賣完了，表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。【答案答案】 B解析解析答案答案目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁典例二一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)典例二一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（2014河南，河南，31）When Tim _ why he was late for school，he just kept silent.A. was askedB. askedC. was askingD. is asked【解析】【解析】 句意為：當(dāng)句意為：當(dāng) Tim 被問到他為什么上學(xué)遲到時(shí)，他只是被問到他為什么上學(xué)遲到時(shí)，他只是保持沉默。主語保持沉默。主語 Tim 是動(dòng)作是動(dòng)作 ask 的承受者，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；的承受者，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；由由“was”可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)。可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)?！敬鸢浮俊敬鸢浮?A解析解析答案答案目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁典例三一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)典例三一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（2015陜西，陜西，28）Tourists bad behavior _ by the government in our country from now on.A. will recordB. will be recordedC. recordsD. is recorded【解析】解析】 句意為：從現(xiàn)在起在我們國家，旅游者的不良行為將會(huì)句意為：從現(xiàn)在起在我們國家，旅游者的不良行為將會(huì)被政府記錄下來。主語被政府記錄下來。主語 Touristsbad behavior 是動(dòng)作是動(dòng)作 record 的的承受者，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；由承受者，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；由“from now on”和句意可知，句子和句意可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來時(shí)。時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來時(shí)?！敬鸢浮俊敬鸢浮?B解析解析答案答案目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁備戰(zhàn)演練本專題已結(jié)束，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)和掌握所學(xué)知識(shí)！目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁