考點精講三七年級(下)Units14重點詞匯拓展1.write v.writer n.作家,作者wrote(過去式)written(過去分詞)writing(現在分詞)2.teach v.teaches(單三式)teacher n. 教師3.tooth n.teeth(復數)牙齒4.life n.lives(復數)生活;生命5.far adj.& adv.farther/further(比較級)更遠的farthest/furthest(最高級)最遠的6.cross v.across prep. 穿過crossing n.十字路口7.true adj.truly adv. 真正地truth n.事實,真相truthful adj. 誠實的;真實的8.noisy adj.noise n. 噪音noisily adv.嘈雜地9.luck n.lucky adj. 幸運的luckily adv. 幸運地unlucky adj.不幸的10.swim v.swimming(現在分詞)swam(過去式)swum(過去分詞)重點詞組歸納1.be good at擅長于2.speak English說英語3.play chess下象棋4.talk to跟說5.play the drums敲鼓6.be good with善于應付,對有辦法7.make friends交朋友8.help sb. with 在某方面幫助(某人) 9.on the weekend(在)周末10.get dressed穿上衣服11.eitheror要么要么;或者或者12.lots of大量,許多13.ride a bike騎自行車14.think of認為15.betweenand在和之間e true實現17.on time按時18.go out外出19.do the dishes洗餐具20.make ones bed鋪床21.be strict with對要求嚴格22.follow the rules遵守規(guī)則重點句型回顧1.Can you play chess?你會下象棋嗎?Yes,I can. /No,I cant.是,我會。/不,我不會。2.What club do you want to join?你想加入什么俱樂部?3.What time do they exercise?他們什么時候鍛煉?4.How does she get to school?她怎樣到校?She usually takes the bus.她通常乘公汽。5.How long does it take to get to school?到達學校要花多長時間?6.How far is it from your home to school?Its only about two kilometers.從你家到學校有多遠?只有大約兩公里。7.Dont eat in class.上課別吃東西。8.We have to be quiet in the library.在圖書館我們必須保持安靜。9.She goes by bike.她騎自行車去。語法精要 1.情態(tài)動詞can表示能力;2.祈使句;3.一般現在時。arrivevi.到達到達;抵達抵達(1)arrive in+較大地方;arrive at+較小地方。arrive at/in=get to/reach+地點名詞;(2)arrive/get+地點副詞;eg:arrive/get here/there到達這兒/那兒【提示】如果“到達”之后沒有地點,只能用arrive。take(1)拿走、取走、買、服、吃、進行等。如:take medicine,take a trip,take away,take a shower,take risks。(2)搭乘。如:take a bus。(3)花費,常用于“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”句型中,意為“花費某人(時間)做某事”,相當于“sb. spend time (in) doing sth.”。(4)帶,帶領。take sb./sth. to sp.把某人/某物帶到某地eitheradv.同樣地同樣地(不不);也也(不不)adj.& pron.任一任一(的的)(1)作代詞,意為“(兩者之中)任一,任何一個”,可與介詞of連用,either(of)作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。如:Either of the books is popular with the students.(兩本書中)任何一本書都受學生歡迎。(2)作形容詞,表示“(兩者之中)任何一個的”,后接可數名詞單數。There are many trees on either side of the street.街道兩邊有許多樹。(3)作副詞,表示“也”,用于否定句,通常置于句末,其前用逗號隔開。I dont like blue and I dont like green,either.我不喜歡藍色,也不喜歡綠色?！就卣雇卣埂縠itheror意為“或者或者;要么,要么”。它在連接兩個并列主語時,謂語動詞必須遵循“就近原則”,與or后面的主語在人稱和數上保持一致。如:Either you or Jim has a chance to visit the museum.(連接并列主語)要么你要么吉姆有機會去參觀博物館。How does he get to school?他怎樣到校他怎樣到校?句中how對交通方式提問,答語常用以下兩種方式:(1)by+交通工具/in(on)+限定詞+交通工具。(句中已有謂語動詞時使用)(2)take a train/ride a bike/walk to sp./ drive to sp./fly to sp.(是動詞短語,通常作謂語) eg:My father usually travels by plane/on a plane.=My father usually takes a plane to travel.我爸爸經常乘飛機旅行。Dont eat in class.上課別吃東西。上課別吃東西。祈使句分為三種類型。如下:(1)Do型:動詞原形+賓語+其他。Dont+動詞原形+賓語+其他。(2)Be型:Be+表語+其他。Dont+be+表語+其他。(3)Let型:Let+賓語+動詞原形+其他。其否定句型有以下兩種:(1)當let后面的賓語為第三人稱時,用“Dont+let+賓語+動詞原形+其他”。(2)當let后面的賓語為第一人稱時,用“Let+賓語+not+動詞原形+其他”。此外,還常用“No+名詞/v.-ing形式”的祈使句型,多用于布告上,作警示語,如:No Parking?！咎崾咎崾尽科硎咕涞膽鹫Z要用將來時。1.put on,wear,dress,in詞性及用法含義賓語其他wearv.表示狀態(tài)穿著,戴著衣服、鞋、帽、圍巾、領帶、眼鏡等1.put on 的反義短語是take off;put on還可表示“上演”,take off也可表示“(飛機)起飛”。2.be dressed in =be wearing =be in 穿著;get dressed 穿戴好;dress up(as)裝扮成留著胡須put onv.表示動作穿上,戴上衣服、鞋、帽等dressv.表示動作給某人穿衣服某人(或自己)inprep.表示狀態(tài)穿著衣服,顏色2.speak,say,talk,tell助記圖片用法強調說話的內容或某處寫有say sth.,say to sb.或say sth. to sb。強調說話的能力或說某種語言,還可指“與某人通話”speak to sb。talk指連續(xù)不斷地講話,強調與某人交談。talk with/to sb. 和某人談話;talk about 討論,談論。告訴;講述,強調講給別人聽。tell sb. sth. 告訴某人某事;tell sb. about sth. 告訴某人關于某事;tell sb. (not) to do sth.告訴某人(不要)做某事,還可和lie,story,truth等詞搭配。3.have to,must異同點have tomust異1.表示受客觀條件限制而“不得不”做某事。2.否定句或疑問句借助于助動詞do/does/did。3.have to有人稱、單復數和時態(tài)的變化(has to/had to)。4.not have to=neednt。1.表示主觀上有責任或義務“必須”做某事。2.一般疑問句將must提至主語前,否定回答應用neednt或dont/doesnt have to。3.mustnt表示“禁止;不可以”。4.must可表示確切判斷“一定”,反義詞為cant(不可能)。同都可理解為“必須”,后接動詞原形?！咀⒁庾⒁狻縨ustnt 可用作may 引導的疑問句的否定回答。4.be good for,be good at,be good to,be good with(1)be good for表示“對有好(益)處”,反義詞組為be bad for,表示“對有害處”。(2)be good at表示“在方面(學得,做得)好,擅長”,后接名詞或v.-ing形式,近義詞組為do well in。(3)be good to=be kind/friendly to,表示“對仁慈(和善)”。(4)be good with=get on well with,表示“與相處融洽”,“善于應付”。5.too much,too many,much too詞組意義用法much too太、非常后接副詞或形容詞too much太多后接不可數名詞too many太多后接可數名詞復數6.between,among詞匯用法助記圖片例句between指“兩者之間”,后接三者或三者以上事物或人時,要把這些事物或人分別看待,指每兩者之間。You can come here between 8:00 and 9:00.你可以在八點到九點之間來這兒。among意為“在中間”,用于三者或三者以上的中間。He found a pear among the apples.他在那些蘋果中發(fā)現了一個梨。考點精講四七年級(下)Units 58重點詞匯拓展1.sleep v.asleep adj. 睡著的sleepy adj.困倦的2.rain v.& n.rainy adj.多雨的raincoat n.雨衣3.sun n.sunny adj.晴朗的;陽光充足的4.wind n.windy adj.有風的5.cloud n.cloudy adj.多云的;陰的6.snow v.& n.snowy adj.有雪的7.warm adj. warmth n.溫暖 8.north n.& adj.northern adj.北方的9.Europe n.European adj.& n.歐洲;歐洲的;歐洲人10.bad adj.worse(比較級)worst(最高級)badly adv.糟糕地11.danger n.dangerous adj.危險的12.child n.children(復數)childhood n.童年13.beautiful adj.beauty n.美beautifully漂亮地,美好地重點短語歸納1.kind of有點兒2.take a message捎個口信,傳話3.on vacation度假4.across from在對面5.go along沿著走6.turn right/left向右/左轉7.in front of在前面8.enjoy reading喜歡閱讀9.call(sb.)back給(某人)回電話10.be/come from來自11.in danger處于危險之中12.cut down砍倒13.be made of由制成14.read a newspaper看報紙15.eat out在外吃,在餐館吃16.go to the movie看電影17.have a good time玩得愉快18.make soup做湯19.get lost迷路20.no problem沒問題21.right now當前,現在22.write to sb.給寫信23.far from離遠24.betweenand在(兩者)之間25.spend time花時間重點句型回顧1.Why dont you like tigers?你為什么不喜歡老虎?Because theyre really scary.因為它們真的可怕。2.Where are lions from?獅子來自哪兒?3.What are you doing?你正在干什么?I am watching TV.我正在看電視。4.Hows the weather in?/Whats the weather like in ?某地的天氣怎么樣?Its sunny/cloudy/windy.晴朗/多云/刮風。5.How is it going?進展如何?Its great/not bad/terrible.很好/不錯/糟透了。6.Is there a bank near here?這附近有家銀行嗎?7.Wheres the park?公園在哪兒?Its across from the bank.它在銀行對面。8.Its on your left.它在你的左邊。 9.What does he think about his home in China?他認為他在中國的家怎么樣?語法精要 1.現在進行時;2.there be句型turnn.& v.(1)turn作名詞,意為“輪流,輪班,時機;轉彎;轉變,變化,轉折點”take turns to do/doing輪流做某事句型:Its ones turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事。(2)turn作系動詞,意為“變?yōu)?成為”,后接形容詞。如:turn red,變紅(3)turn作實義動詞,意為“旋轉;翻轉;轉彎;轉身”如:turn right/left向右/左轉【拓展】其固定短語有:turn down回絕;把音量調低,關小;turninto把變成;turn off關掉;turn on打開(電視,煤氣,水管等);turn up把開大,調高payvt.付錢付錢;支付支付(1)pay sb.付錢給某人;(2)pay sb.for sth.為某物而付錢給某人;(3)payfor sth.為而付款;賠償?！颈嫖觥縞ost,take,spend,pay(1)cost v.值錢;花費。常用句型:sth. cost(s) sb. some money某物花了某人多少錢。(2)take v.花費。常用句型:It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花了某人多長時間。(3)spend v.花費(錢,時間等)。常用句型:sb. spend(s) some money/time 【助記圖片助記圖片】(1)+ spend+ /+on sth./(in) doing sth. (2)+ pay +for sth.(3)sth. + cost+(4)It+ takes+to do sth.Excuse me,is there a bank near here?請問附近有銀行嗎請問附近有銀行嗎?(1)常見問路句型,以打聽去郵局的路為例:Excuse me,若問路時,對方不知道路線,問路者常用“Thank you all the same.仍然要謝謝你?！北硎局x意。(2)There be句型的常用時態(tài):一般現在時態(tài):There is/are+名詞+地點狀語。一般將來時態(tài):There一般過去時態(tài):There was/were+名詞+地點狀語/過去的時間狀語。與情態(tài)動詞連用:There+情態(tài)動詞+be+名詞+地點狀語/時間狀語。+名詞+地點狀語/將來的時間狀語。(3)There be句型的用法:be動詞的選擇依據就近原則:即be動詞的形式取決于離它最近的名詞。There be+名詞+doing句型,意為“有正在做”。Hows the weather in Beijing?北京的天氣怎么樣北京的天氣怎么樣?句中weather是不可數名詞,不能用a或an修飾。eg:What fine weather it is!多好的天氣!詢問天氣情況的常用表達方式還有:Whats the weather like?What do you think of the weather?Hows it going?近來怎么樣近來怎么樣?Not too bad.不是太糟糕。不是太糟糕。這是口語中較為常見的問候語,用于朋友間互相問候或打招呼。回答時,可根據不同的情況選擇相應的答語:Terrible(很糟糕)!/Not bad(還不錯)./Pretty good(相當不錯)./Great(很好)!表示“一切好嗎?”“近來怎么樣?”用來詢問對方的工作、學習或生活情況。也可以說How is everything going?【注意注意】句中go的含義是“(事情)進展,進行”之意。What are you doing?你正在做什么你正在做什么?這是現在進行時的特殊疑問句。其結構為:疑問詞+be+動詞-ing+其他?其答語用現在進行時回答?，F在進行時結構:助動詞be(is/am/are)+v.-ing。一般疑問句則把be動詞提前,否定句則在be動詞后加not,eg:My mother is washing clothes.我的媽媽正在洗衣服。【注意注意】表位移的動詞(come/go/arrive/leave等)可以用現在進行時表將來。eg:I am going to Beijing.我將去北京。1.through,past,across,overthrough介詞,意為“從通過;穿過”,主要指從物體內部穿過。past介詞或副詞,意為“經過;路過”,指從物體的旁邊經過,go/walk/run past sth.=pass sth.?！咀⒁庾⒁狻縫ass是動詞,意為“通過”。across介詞,意為“穿過”,指從物體的表面上穿過,go/walk/run across sth.=cross sth.;across from在的對面。over介詞,意為“從上方越過”,指越過一段距離。2.another,the other,others,the others詞語意義用法another另一個泛指三者或三者以上不定數目中的另一個other其他的;另外的作前置定語表示泛指,用來修飾單數或復數名詞others有些;其他人/事物some,others一些,另一些the other另一個表示兩者中的“另一個”,one,the other(兩者中的)一個,另一個the others其余的(人或物)指一個整體中除去一部分后的其余全部。some,others,the others一些,另一些,其余的【注意注意】another后接單數名詞,也可先接數詞,再加復數名詞。another+基數詞+復數名詞=基數詞+more+復數名詞I need another two tickets.=I need two more tickets.我還需要兩張票。He raised one hand and then the other.他先舉起一只手,然后舉起另一只。May I have another cake,please?請再給我一塊蛋糕,好嗎?(已經吃了一塊或幾塊,一共有多少塊蛋糕不確定。)Two children in the room went,but the others stayed.房間里兩個小孩走了,但其他的都留下來了。3.hardly,hard單詞詞性意義hardly副詞幾乎不;幾乎沒有hard副詞辛苦地;努力地;猛烈地形容詞困難的(相當于difficult);硬的;勤奮的;苛刻的eg:He always works hard,but he can hardly make money.他總是努力工作,但他幾乎賺不到錢。Its hard to climb the tree.要爬上這棵樹很難?？键c精講五七年級(下)Units 912重點詞匯拓展1.surprise n.& v.surprising adj.令人驚奇的surprised adj.感到驚訝的2.high adj. height n.高度;身高3.different adj.differently adv.不同地difference n.不同4.potato n.potatoes(復數)土豆,馬鈴薯5.worry v.& n.worried adj.擔心的;焦急的6.exciting adj.excite v.使激動,使興奮excited adj.興奮的;激動的excitement n.興奮,激動7.cheap adj.cheaply adv.便宜地,低廉地expensive(反義詞)貴的8.slow adj.slowly adv.緩慢地9.visitor n.visit n.& v.參觀;訪問10.mouse n.mice(復數)老鼠;耗子11.fly v.flies(單三式)flew(過去式)flown(過去分詞)flight n.飛行;航班12.wake v.awake adj.醒著的woke(過去式)woken(過去分詞)重點短語歸納1.get popular受歡迎;流行2.a little一點;少量3.in the end最后4.take ones order點菜5.one bowl of一碗6.make a wish許愿7.blow out吹滅8.cut up切碎9.bring good luck to給帶來好運10.go for a walk去散步11.milk a cow給奶牛擠奶12.ride a horse騎馬13.feed chickens喂雞14.wear glasses戴眼鏡15.quite a lot of許多16.all in all總的說來17.be interested in對感興趣18.stay up late熬夜19.shout at to沖大聲叫嚷20.fly a kite放風箏21.put up搭起;舉起22.get a surprise吃驚23.up and down上上下下;起伏24.wakeup把弄醒25.showaround帶領;參觀重點句型回顧1.What does he look like?他長什么樣子?He is of medium build.他中等身材。2.Do they have straight or curly hair?他們是留長發(fā)還是卷發(fā)?3.What kind of noodles would you like?你要哪種面條?4.How was your school trip?你的學校郊游怎么樣?5.Did you see any cows?你看見一些奶牛了嗎?Yes,I did. I saw quite a lot.是的,我看見了許多。6.What did you do last weekend?上周末你干什么了?We went boating.我們去劃船了。7.Did you do anything interesting last weekend?上周末你們做了一些有趣的事情嗎?語法精要1.一般過去時;2.would like的用法與搭配;3.選擇疑問句的用法及回答;4.不可數名詞。surprisev.使驚訝使驚訝;使意外使意外 n.驚奇驚奇;驚訝驚訝常用短語有:surprise sb.使某人驚訝get a surprise吃驚give sb. a surprise給某人一個驚喜in surprise驚奇地to ones surprise令人驚奇的是【拓展拓展】(1)surprising adj.使人驚奇的。在句中作定語或表語,常用來修飾事物,如:a surprising result一個令人驚訝的結果(2)surprised adj.驚訝的;驚奇的。在句中作表語,常用來修飾人。worryv.擔心擔心,擔憂擔憂,焦慮焦慮worry的形容詞為worried。(1)be/get worried擔心,發(fā)愁(2)be/get worried about=worry about為擔心(3)worry sb.使某人煩惱/擔憂三者在一定情況下可相互轉換。He worried about her poor health.=He was worried about her poor health.=Her poor health worried him.他擔心她的健康。end(1)n.結尾;結束eg:You can find it at the end of the road.在這條路的盡頭,你就能找到它。(2)v.結束;終止eg:He ended his letter with good wishes to the family.他以向全家問好結束了他的信?！就卣雇卣埂縠nd相關的詞組at the end of在的末尾in the end最后;終于end up最終處于;最后成為by the end of截止到為止from beginning to end從頭到尾come to an end告終;結束I was so scared that I couldnt move.我是那么害怕我是那么害怕,一動都不敢動。一動都不敢動。sothat意為“如此以至于”,so后跟形容詞或副詞,that后跟從句?！就卣雇卣埂肯铝腥齻€句式可以相互轉化:so+adj./adv.that+否定句too+adj./adv.to do sth.not+adj./adv.+enough+to do sth.如:She is so young that she cant go to school.=She is too young to go to school.=She isnt old enough to go to school.她太小而不能上學。Is he tall or short?他高還是矮他高還是矮?這是一個選擇疑問句,指從兩種或兩種以上情況,選擇其中一種,兩個并列的選擇項用or連接。選擇疑問句不能用Yes或No來回答,要從中選擇一種情況來回答。eg:Would you like tea or coffee?你想要茶還是咖啡?Tea.茶。What does he look like?他長什么樣子他長什么樣子?(1)對外貌提問:(2)對性格提問:What is/are sb. like?(3)對事物的性質或天氣狀況提問:What is sth. like?(4)對于某人喜歡什么提問:What does/do sb. like?其中的like是動詞,意為“喜歡”?！咎崾咎崾尽縧ook like相當于be like,詞組中的like為介詞,意為“像”。【拓展拓展】smell/taste/feel/sound like 聞/嘗/感覺/聽起來像,后接名詞或名詞短語。eg:It sounds like a good idea.這聽起來像是一個好主意。1.a little,a few,little,few【助記圖片助記圖片】肯定態(tài)度“有點”否定態(tài)度“幾乎沒有”修飾可數名詞復數a fewfew修飾不可數名詞a littlelittle【注意注意】a little 還可修飾形容詞的原級或比較級;如:a little hungry;a little bigger。2.a number of,the number of詞組意義用法謂語a number of許多的、大量的,相當于many后接復數名詞復數the number of的數量、數目后接復數名詞單數【注意注意】修飾number用large或small,如:a large number of大量的。3.interest,interesting,interestedinterestingadj.令人感興趣的多用于修飾物,既可作表語,也可作定語be/get/become interested in=take(an) interest in對感興趣interestedadj.感興趣的用來修飾人,只作表語interestn.興趣,愛好作“興趣”時,是不可數名詞;作“愛好”時是可數名詞v.使感興趣interest sb.使某人感興趣【拓展拓展】類似詞有:excited,exciting與excite;surprised,surprising與surprise;relaxed,relaxing與relax等。