路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索吾將上下而求索走向高考走向高考 英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)人教版人教版 高考總復(fù)習(xí)高考總復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題突破解題策略專(zhuān)題突破解題策略( (二二) )必修一必修一第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦 高考中細(xì)節(jié)理解題通常占閱讀理解題總數(shù)的一半以上。2015年新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷考區(qū)及其他各考區(qū)的高考試題中考查細(xì)節(jié)理解的題目占閱讀理解題目總數(shù)的55%左右。細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解，一般對(duì)文中已提到的事物、現(xiàn)象或理論進(jìn)行發(fā)問(wèn)，通過(guò)語(yǔ)句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的理解能力。閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題 1.利用“跳讀法”和“定位法” 做細(xì)節(jié)題目，無(wú)需通篇細(xì)看全文，應(yīng)帶著問(wèn)題找答案，通過(guò)跳讀迅速定位與題目相關(guān)的信息，然后對(duì)選項(xiàng)與原文進(jìn)行信息加工比對(duì)，準(zhǔn)確確定答案。 典例1(2015全國(guó)高考A) My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldnt fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didnt get any channels showing allnight movies or I would never have gotten to bed. . When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble. 21Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set? AHe got an older model than he had expected. BHe couldnt return it when it was broken. CHe could have bought it at a lower price. DHe failed to find any movie shows on it. 解析C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.” 當(dāng)我看到報(bào)紙上75美元比我買(mǎi)的價(jià)格低的時(shí)候，我感覺(jué)我上當(dāng)了。故選C。 23How did the author finally get this TV set working again? ABy shaking and hitting it. BBy turning it on and off. CBy switching channels. DBy having it repaired. 解析D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，可知作者由于用拳頭砸電視，導(dǎo)致電視沒(méi)了噪音，也什么都不出了。最后只好自己花錢(qián)去修理店修電視機(jī)，共花了62美元，故選D。 2利用“選項(xiàng)對(duì)比法” 此法一般用來(lái)解決信息排序題，即：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中可以先用排除法確定第一個(gè)，縮小選擇范圍，然后根據(jù)另一個(gè)事件確定答案，這一方法可以先分析選項(xiàng)，將選項(xiàng)分組逐一比對(duì)來(lái)確定或排除選項(xiàng)。 典例2(2014四川高考C) . Izzy，nine，restarted father Colms heart by stamping(踩)on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing. Izzys mother，Debbie，immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father，so decided to use CPR. . Izzy，who has been given a bravery award by her school，said：“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.” 解析C根據(jù)選項(xiàng)可把A、C、B、D分組對(duì)比確定哪一事件在前，根據(jù)文中內(nèi)容可知在前，故可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)，然后比對(duì)A、C中與的發(fā)生先后，可確定答案是C項(xiàng)。 3利用加減乘除法 此法來(lái)解決數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算類(lèi)題目，做此類(lèi)題要審清題目，弄清問(wèn)題，比對(duì)原文中的數(shù)字和單位，不要忽略任何信息，一般再通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的加減乘除便可知答案。 典例3(2015四川高考C) Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers. But, according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year. Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as$172,000 a year. The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure. This would make their yearly income 30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns. 38How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister? A30,000.B142,000. C172,000.D202,000. 解析B根據(jù)文章的they would earn as much as$172,000 a year.以及This would make their yearly income 30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.可知，總理的工資是17200030000142000。故選擇B。 典例4(2015廣東高考A) Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought a popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said, “Uh, look, the game box havent even been opened yet. That might be worth some money. ” Peter examined the box, and, sure enough, it was completely covered in factorysealed plastic. And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box. . “Hello. Do you still remember the unopened word game？” The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said, “Oh, hi！” “Ive got something for you，” Peter said. “I sold the game and made $1,000. Thank you for your suggestion.” He handed her three $ 100 bills. “Wow！” the salesgirl cried out. “Thank you, I never expected it.” 29. What happened at the end of the story? A. Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward. B. The salesgirl became Peters friend. C. Peter returned the word game for $ 1,000. D. The salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again. 解析A本文敘述了Peter在聽(tīng)從了一位女銷(xiāo)售員的建議，買(mǎi)了一個(gè)舊的游戲盒子，并到網(wǎng)上拍賣(mài)。結(jié)果他掙了1000美元。為了感激這位女銷(xiāo)售員，他給了她300美元作為回報(bào)。根據(jù)Peter said，“ I sold the game and made $1000.Thank you for your suggestion，” He handed her three $100 bills.可知Bill感謝這位女銷(xiāo)售員的建議，給了她300美元作為回報(bào)。故選A。 4利用“排除法” 此法用來(lái)解決正誤判斷題，這類(lèi)題型相對(duì)信息量大，誤導(dǎo)性強(qiáng)，考查學(xué)生分析問(wèn)題的能力更為突出，在排除選項(xiàng)時(shí)一定做到準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。仔細(xì)揣摩文中信息與選項(xiàng)信息的吻合性。 典例5(2015浙江高考A) . During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk. From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It cant be，” and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick , in edition with woodcuts. I said, “Dont you find parts of it rather heavy going？” She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.” . 44Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage? AShe skipped over those easy parts while reading. BShe had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks. CShe learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books. DShe turned out to be a top student after coming to this school. 解析C作者認(rèn)為閱讀應(yīng)該是一種快樂(lè)，而不是強(qiáng)迫性的閱讀，強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)快樂(lè)閱讀培養(yǎng)閱讀習(xí)慣。細(xì)節(jié)理解題這種題目是判斷正誤題，答題時(shí)一定要細(xì)心選擇是錯(cuò)誤還是正確的。此題選擇的是正確的，也就意味著有3個(gè)是錯(cuò)誤的，只有一個(gè)是正確的。根據(jù)第四段最后一句話“She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. ”她回答說(shuō)，哦，當(dāng)然，但我只是跳過(guò)這些部分，繼續(xù)讀下一個(gè)好的部分?！翱梢缘贸龃鸢甘沁@個(gè)女孩知道如何欣賞這些文章。 1.無(wú)論哪種細(xì)節(jié)題目，所選答案必須與原文主題保持一致。 2.該題型正確選項(xiàng)與干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)如下： (1)正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn) 對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換。把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞，變成正確選項(xiàng)。 詞性或者語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，或者改變?cè)木渥拥恼Z(yǔ)態(tài)，給考生制造障礙。 語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，變成正確選項(xiàng)。 正話反說(shuō)。把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)，變成正確選項(xiàng)(適用于尋找錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的題目)。 (2)干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn) 將原文內(nèi)容擴(kuò)大或縮小。把原文中的限定詞去掉或替換，使該選項(xiàng)看似正確，實(shí)際上卻是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。 把未然當(dāng)已然。改變文中某句話的時(shí)態(tài)，如把將來(lái)時(shí)變成現(xiàn)在時(shí)，把未發(fā)生的事情當(dāng)成已發(fā)生的事情。 無(wú)中生有。即選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是根據(jù)主觀想象或推測(cè)得出的結(jié)論，而文中并未涉及。 偷換概念。把原來(lái)做該事的“張三”換成“李四”，而所述細(xì)節(jié)卻與原文一致，一不小心就會(huì)誤選。 文不對(duì)題。這類(lèi)選項(xiàng)最不容易辨別，選項(xiàng)中的描述與原文完全一致，確實(shí)屬于原文中的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，這時(shí)要回到題干，看該選項(xiàng)是否能回答題干所提的問(wèn)題。 符合常識(shí)，但不是文章內(nèi)容。 部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。