中考語法專題十一中考語法專題十一 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞考點(diǎn)一：不定式考點(diǎn)一：不定式所謂非謂語動詞，是指動詞不定式，動名詞和分詞，在句中不所謂非謂語動詞，是指動詞不定式，動名詞和分詞，在句中不能作謂語。能作謂語。（1）動詞不定式的構(gòu)成 肯定：to + V 原形 否定：not to + V 原形（2） 常見的后面接不定式作賓語的及物動詞有： want /like / love / hate / decide / hope / wish /need / agree / begin / learn / forget / help / manage / plan / prefer / pretend / try / wait / afford / start / would like + to do I want to go abroad for further study. 我想出國深造。 We all agree to put off the basketball match. 我同間推遲籃球比賽。考點(diǎn)一：不定式考點(diǎn)一：不定式The little boy pretended to be sleeping when his mother came in. 當(dāng)他媽媽進(jìn)來的時候，那個小男孩假裝在睡覺。（3）某些動詞在其賓語之后還可以接不定式構(gòu)成賓語補(bǔ)足語，如： want / like / wish / ask / tell / get /teach / invite / warn / allow / encourage +sb.+to do. I wish you to enjoy a happy life . 希望你生活愉快。 They invited us to attend their wedding. 他們邀請我們參加他們的婚禮。 My teacher encouraged me to realize my dream. 我的老師鼓勵我實(shí)現(xiàn)我的夢想。 考點(diǎn)一：不定式考點(diǎn)一：不定式注意：hope +sb.+to do （） hope that +句子句子（ ） hope to do （ ）（4） 一些使役動詞如make / have / let 以及表示感官的動詞如see / watch /notice / look at /hear / listen to 后面接不帶to 的不定式構(gòu)成賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：My mother made me learn another foreign language. 我媽媽讓我再學(xué)一門外語。I heard them sing in the next room. 我聽到他們在隔壁唱歌?？键c(diǎn)一：不定式考點(diǎn)一：不定式注意：當(dāng)這些動詞變成被動語態(tài)時就要用帶to 的不定式。除此之外，初中階段后面接不帶to 的不定式的習(xí)慣用法還有had better do , why not do, would rather do .than do . , would you please do . , help 后面帶的不定式帶to和不帶to 都可以。（5） 動詞不定式做主語或做賓語時經(jīng)常用it 來作形式主語或形式賓語，常見的句型有：1） Its + adj. +for sb. + to do sth. Its bad for your eyes to read in bed. 躺在床上看書對你的眼睛有害。2） Its +adj. + of sb.+to do sth. Its kind of you to help me.你幫了我，你真好。 考點(diǎn)一：不定式考點(diǎn)一：不定式3） think / find it +adj. +to do . I find it boring to read the same book several times. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)讀幾遍同一本書很乏味。4） It takes sb. +some time / some money +to do It took me two days to finish this book. 我花了兩天讀這本書。 5） Its too +adj. +to do / adj. / adv. enough +to do Its too difficult to travel alone. 孤身旅行太難。 Its exciting enough to travel alone. 獨(dú)自旅行很令人激動。 考點(diǎn)一：不定式考點(diǎn)一：不定式（6） 疑問詞+to do what to do / how to do sth. / when to do sth. / where to do sth. / why to do sth. Do you know how to make a card?你知道怎樣制作卡片嗎？Ive no idea when and where to meet. 我不知道見面的時間和地點(diǎn)?？键c(diǎn)二：動名詞考點(diǎn)二：動名詞（1）動名詞的構(gòu)成 - do+ing （2）作主語： Reading aloud is very helpful. 大聲朗讀是非常有益處的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集郵很有趣。當(dāng)動名詞短語作主語時常用it作形式主語.Its no use quarreling . 爭吵無益。（3）作表語：In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. 在螞蟻的城池中，蟻后的工作就是產(chǎn)卵。考點(diǎn)二：動名詞考點(diǎn)二：動名詞（4）有些動詞后面常跟動名詞作賓語，要記住如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語。 enjoy , finish , suggest , avoid , excuse , imagine , keep , miss , consider , admit , deny , mind , practise , be busy , be worth , feel like , cant help , think of , dream of , be interested in , prevent .from. , keep . from., stop.from., protect . from.,spend. （in）doing , succeed in.,be good at , do well in , give up , be used to ., look forward to ., pay attention to ,feel like . I dont mind being alone at home at weekends.我不在乎周末的時候獨(dú)自在家。 Nobody can avoid making mistakes.人人都會犯錯。 考點(diǎn)二：動名詞考點(diǎn)二：動名詞（5）作定語：He cant walk without a walking-stick. 離開拐杖，他無法行走。Is there a swimming pool in your school?你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎？考點(diǎn)三：分詞考點(diǎn)三：分詞分詞在句中可以做定語，狀語，表語，補(bǔ)語（1）過去分詞通常指 “感覺.”, 現(xiàn)在分詞通常指 “令人.”,如： interested / interesting , excited / exciting , surprised /surprising , bored /boring , amazed/amazing , amused /amusing , developed /developing .The film is so exciting that I feel excited. 這部電影如此的令人興奮，我感到很激動。I am interested in the interesting book. 我對這本有趣的書很感興趣?？键c(diǎn)三：分詞考點(diǎn)三：分詞（2）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語時在時間上的差別，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動作，過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作，如：developing country 發(fā)展中的國家 the developed country 發(fā)達(dá)國家 the falling leaves正在飄落的樹葉 the fallen leaves落葉（已經(jīng)掉落）（3）表示知覺的動詞如see , watch , notice, hear, feel 的后面也可以接現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語，表示動作正在進(jìn)行著，試比較：I saw the little boy cross the street. （看到小男孩過馬路的全過程）I saw the little boy crossing the street. （看到小男孩正穿馬路）I heard them sing next door. （聽到他們唱歌的全過程） I heard them singing next door. （ 唱歌這個動作正在進(jìn)行）考點(diǎn)四：辨析考點(diǎn)四：辨析 有些詞后面既可以接動詞to do 又可以接動詞-ing 形式， 但意義有區(qū)別的：1.記住做了某事 remember doing sth. 記得去做某事 remember to do 2.忘記做了某事 forget doing sth. 忘記去做某事 forget to do 3. 停止做某事stop doing sth. 停下來去做某事stop to do sth.4. 繼續(xù)做某事go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)去做另外一件事go on to do sth. Tom looked quite tired. His teacher asked him to stop running. 湯姆看起來相當(dāng)累。他的老師讓他不要跑了。 So he stopped to drink some water. 所以他停下來喝水。