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1、主主 謂謂 一一 致致 概念概念: : 主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞與主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 主謂一致三原則主謂一致三原則語法一致原則： 指主語和謂語在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系。指主語和謂語在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系。主語為單數(shù)形式主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;反之反之,謂謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式. Tom is a good student. They often play football on the playground.意義一致原則：意義一致原則： 指謂語動(dòng)詞的單指謂語動(dòng)詞的單,復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語所表達(dá)的復(fù)數(shù)要取

2、決于主語所表達(dá)的概念概念,而不取決于表面上的語法標(biāo)記而不取決于表面上的語法標(biāo)記. 指主語形式上指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。是謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 My family are having lunch now. Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.就近一致原則：就近一致原則： 指當(dāng)主語由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞或代詞組成時(shí)指當(dāng)主語由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞或代詞組成時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要

3、與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致. Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. There is a pen and some books on the desk. 提提 示：示：一般說來一般說來, ,究竟何時(shí)采用何種原則究竟何時(shí)采用何種原則, ,應(yīng)應(yīng)視英語習(xí)慣用法而定視英語習(xí)慣用法而定. .但在實(shí)際使用但在實(shí)際使用中中, ,如果對(duì)上述三種原則捉摸不定時(shí)如果對(duì)上述三種原則捉摸不定時(shí), ,遵循語法一致的原則是一種比較穩(wěn)妥遵循語法一致的原則是一種比較穩(wěn)妥的方法的方法. .名

4、詞作主語名詞作主語 1. 單數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The desk is Toms. Some water is in the bottle. The students are playing football on the playground. 2. 2. 某些集體名詞，如某些集體名詞，如family, team, clubfamily, team, club， classclass，publicpublic， groupgroup等作主語時(shí)，如果作為一等作主語時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中個(gè)整體看待，謂語動(dòng)

5、詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 3. 3. 某些集體名詞，如某些集體名詞，如people, police, people, police, clothes clothes等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語動(dòng)詞必等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語動(dòng)詞必 須用復(fù)數(shù)。須用復(fù)數(shù)。 The police are searching for the thief. 4. 4. 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如 sheep, deer,sh

6、eep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese fish, Chinese, Japanese 主語時(shí)，謂主語時(shí)，謂 語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。 A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 5. 5. 名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。 The doctors is across the street. My uncles is not f

7、ar from here. 常見的省略名詞有：常見的省略名詞有：the bakersthe bakers（面包房）（面包房）, the , the barbersbarbers（理發(fā)店）（理發(fā)店）, the Zhangs, the Zhangs（張家）等。（張家）等。 注注: the : the 姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式則表示一家人姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式則表示一家人。 The Greens are having breakfast now. 6. 6. 表示成雙成套的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)表示成雙成套的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：數(shù)形式，例如：glasses, shoes, ch

8、opsticks, pantsglasses, shoes, chopsticks, pants等。等。 The pants are mine. My glasses are on the table. 但如果主語用但如果主語用“a kind of, a pair of , a series ofa kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 A pair of shoes was under the desk. Two pairs of shoes were under the desk.

9、 7 7當(dāng)表示國家，城市，人名，書名，報(bào)紙，雜志，當(dāng)表示國家，城市，人名，書名，報(bào)紙，雜志，及組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞做主語時(shí)，作為整體，謂語動(dòng)及組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞做主語時(shí)，作為整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。詞用單數(shù)形式。 The United States lies in North America. 8 8news news ，mathsmaths，physics physics ，politicspolitics等詞貌等詞貌似復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)為單數(shù)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)似復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)為單數(shù)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). . No news is good news. Maths is very popular in o

10、ur class 連接詞連接的名詞作主語連接詞連接的名詞作主語 1 1 用用andand或或bothandbothand連接并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞連接并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Plastics and rubber never rot. Walking and riding are good exercises. 例例 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. 注注：A A：并列主語如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或：并列主語如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或 同一概念時(shí)，同一

11、概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。否則，用復(fù)數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。否則，用復(fù)數(shù)。 這種情況常有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形這種情況常有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式：式： a.+n.+and+na.+n.+and+n，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；，指的是同一個(gè)人或物； a.+n.+anda.+n.+and + +a.+na.+n. .，指兩個(gè)人或物，指兩個(gè)人或物。 B B：由：由andand連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each, every, 等等修飾時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)是修飾時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)是each/every+n.+and +(each/every)+n.，其謂語動(dòng)詞，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。要用單數(shù)形式。 2 2當(dāng)主

12、語后面跟有當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as, along with, as well as, along with, with, like, together with, but, except, with, like, together with, but, except, besides, includingbesides, including, ,等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由前面的主語而定。詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由前面的主語而定。 (1) The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library

13、. (2) The women with two children is my aunt(3) Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football (4) The students ,including their teacher, are going to the brave man.(5) Nobody except Mr. Li and Mrs. Li likes soprts.(6) Mr. Li besides his sons likes sports. 3以以 eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also

14、, notbut等連接的名詞（代詞）作等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。則。 Either you or he is to go. Not one but all of us are hoping to be there. 4. There be 結(jié)構(gòu)，依據(jù)就近一致原則結(jié)構(gòu)，依據(jù)就近一致原則。 There is a book , two pens on the desk.There are two pens , a book in the desk.代詞作主語代詞作主語 1 1名詞性物主代詞作主語時(shí)，既可以用作單數(shù)，也

15、可名詞性物主代詞作主語時(shí)，既可以用作單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。以用作復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。 Ours (Our Party) is a great party. Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes) are brown. 2 2關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞who, that, whichwho, that, which等在定語從句中作主語等在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。 Those who want to go please put up y

16、our hands. Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 3 3疑問代詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞也有兩種情況：主疑問代詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞也有兩種情況：主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語表示單數(shù)意義，語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Who is your brother?Who are League members? (1) Here are two novels. One is written in English. The other is in Ch

17、inese. (2) Is everyone here today. (3) Something is wrong with him. (4) None of them has seen the film. (5) Either of the boys is ready. (6) Neither of these words is correct. (7) Each of the pens costs three dollars. (8) Nobody was in. 4不定代詞不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, every

18、body, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, either, neither, each, the other, another作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 分?jǐn)?shù)和量詞作主語分?jǐn)?shù)和量詞作主語 1由由“a lot of, lots of ，plenty of, all of, most of, some of, half of, (a) part of, rest of”構(gòu)成的短語作主語構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語中時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致. (1) Lots

19、 of damage was caused by fire. Lots of students are waiting outside.(2) All of the food is ready. All of the workers are working. (3) Part of the work has been done by us . Part of the students have gone. 2 2表示數(shù)量的表示數(shù)量的one and a halfone and a half后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。式，但是其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語

20、動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 One and a half bananas is left on the table. 3 表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，度量、距離、金額、表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，度量、距離、金額、書名，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短書名，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語作主語時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語用語作主語時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。單數(shù)形式。 (1) Two months is a long holiday. (2) Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. (3) Ten miles isnt a long distance. (4) Five min

21、us four is one. (5) The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 4分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù)百分?jǐn)?shù))+of +名詞名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞的數(shù)。后面的名詞的數(shù)。 Ten percent of the apples were bad . 注意注意: population 一詞，用作整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單一詞，用作整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，用其部分做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞形式用復(fù)數(shù)。數(shù)，用其部分做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞形式用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population of China

22、is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are peasants 5a number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，其動(dòng)詞用復(fù)后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，其動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但數(shù)形式；但the number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，其后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，其謂語用單數(shù)。謂語用單數(shù)。 The number of the teachers in No. 2 Middle School is over 100. a number of them are young. 名詞化的形容詞作主語名詞化的形容詞作主語 如果主語由如果主語由“the+形容詞形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任表

23、示一類結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任表示一類人或物時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有：人或物時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有： the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb. The rich often help the poor.從句，動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語從句，動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語 1由由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What

24、 we need is more time. What we need are doctors. 2 2動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。用單數(shù)形式。 To see is to believeDoing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 2在定語從句中主語是關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中主語是關(guān)系代詞who , that , which , 謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。 注意：在注意：在“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that/which”引引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，從句謂

25、語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決導(dǎo)的定語從句中，從句謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決 于于one前是否前是否有有the (only)、the very。如果有，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單。如果有，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如沒有數(shù)，如沒有the only， 就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (1) This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. (2) He was the only one of the students who was late for school. 1：Each of the students _ a dictionary. A.

26、have B. is C. are D. has 2： How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are 3. Not only his parents but also his brother _to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 4：Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Dahe SquareA. are a nu

27、mber of deer B. are a number of deersC. is a number of deer D. is a number of deersDBDA5：The Smiths _ sending e-mails _letters. because it is faster.A. prefer, to writing B. prefer，to writeC. prefers，to writing D. prefers，to write6：Everyone except Bill and Jim _there when the meeting began .A. was B

28、. is C. are D. were7：Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now.A. were B. is C. are D. was8. The Olympic Games _ held every_ years.A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，fiveAABB9. Look, here come some _.A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow10. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that _ us excited.A. mak

29、es B. is made C. make D. are made11. Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out.A. is B. was C. are D. were12. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south; the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries.A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are13. They said the

30、eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy.A. is B. was C. are D. were CCBDB14. -When are you going to Kumming for your holidays?I havent decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK.A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also15. _ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they cam

31、e to China.A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B16. The paper for books and new papers _ made of wood.A. are B. is C. has D. have17. _ of them has his own opinion.A. Both B. Some C. Every D. EachBDBD18. Not only my brother but also I_ good at painting. Both of us _good painte

32、rs.A. are.are B. am.are C. is.is D. are.is19. One-third of the area _ covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees _ been planted.A. are; have B. is; has C. is; have D. are; has20. The number of teachers in our college _ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this schoo

33、l _ from the countryside.A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; isBCB21. All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.A. are B. is C. were D. was 22. What hed like _ a digital watch. What hed like _ textbooks.A. are; are B. is; is C. is; are D. are; is23. He is one of the boys who _ here on time. H

34、e is the only one of the boys who _ here on time.A. has come; have come B. have come; has comeC. has come; has come D. have come; have come24. Either you or he _ interested in playing chess. _ you or he fond of music at present?A. are; Are B. is; Are C. are; Is D. is; IsACBB25. A knife and a fork _

35、on the table. A knife and fork _ on the table.A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are26. Her family _ much larger than mine four years ago. Her family _ dancing and singing when I came in last night.A. were; was B. was; were C. was; was D. were; were27. The old man has two children but _ of them

36、 lives with him.A. both B. none C. neither D. all28. How and why Jack came to China _ not known. When and where to build the new library _ not been decided.A. is; has B. are; has C. is; have D. are; haveCBCA 29. The factory, including its machines and buildings, _ burnt last night.A. is B. are C. we

37、re D. was 30. Two hundred and fifty pounds _ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car.A. is B. are C. were D. be 31. What _ the population of China? One-third of the population _ workers here.A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; isDAA32. What _ the population of China? One-third of the pop

38、ulation _ workers here.A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is33. Most of the houses _ this year.A. has built B. have built C. has been built D. have been built34. The factory, including its machines and buildings, _ burnt last night.A. is B. are C. were D. wasADDTerrific!Terrific!Congratulations!Congratulations!