名詞的分類名詞的數(shù)名詞的格名詞變形容詞名詞：表示人、事物或抽象概念的詞名詞：表示人、事物或抽象概念的詞名詞分類：名詞分類：專有名詞專有名詞 : John, China, Beijing普通名詞普通名詞個體名詞個體名詞: teacher集體名詞集體名詞: family物質(zhì)名詞物質(zhì)名詞: tea抽象名詞抽象名詞: life可數(shù)可數(shù)不可數(shù)不可數(shù)Page 4 apple bananafish chinken meatsoapcakemilkchalkwatermelongluesouppeoplesandwichhot dogriverice-creambreadflourtoothpasteCNUNExercise 1名詞復(fù)數(shù)：名詞復(fù)數(shù)：+ss, x, ch, sh , + es 例外例外: stomachsf, fe ves 例外例外: roofs, beliefs 輔音輔音y ies以以o 結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 +s 例外例外:tomatoes,potatoes, heroes, Negroes規(guī)則規(guī)則不規(guī)則不規(guī)則改元音改元音單復(fù)數(shù)同形單復(fù)數(shù)同形總是用復(fù)數(shù)總是用復(fù)數(shù)詞尾加詞尾加s 復(fù)合名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)合名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)一般情況一般情況Page 6可數(shù)名詞 一個: a/an多個：A.規(guī)則變化1. 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s mapmaps ，deskdesksboyboys ，tabletableshorsehorses /s/ 清輔音后/z/ 濁輔音和元音后/iz/ se,ce,ze,(d)ge結(jié)尾Page 72. s , x , sh , ch結(jié)尾的詞加es. eg：classclasses, boxboxes, matchmatches, dishdishesA.規(guī)則變化/iz/Page 8A.規(guī)則變化 3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i,再加es。 以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s eg：familyfamilies , citycities, partyparties boyboys,toytoysPage 9A.規(guī)則變化 4.以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f或fe為v,再加es。 eg：shelfshelves , wolfwolves , lifelives , knifeknives，leaf leaves, self-selves, shelf-shelves beliefbeliefs chiefchiefs proofproofs roofroofs giraffegiraffes The thieves wives cut the wolves into halves with the knives on the shelves, which lost their lives and lay on the dead leaves.賊婆子賊婆子+架子刀架子刀=半狼主義半狼主義=命如枯葉命如枯葉 Those Negroes are heroes, who like eating potatoes and tomatoes. 就算英雄是黑人，也愛番茄和土豆。就算英雄是黑人，也愛番茄和土豆。5,以以o 結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 +sPage 12不可數(shù)名詞液：water,粉：flour肉：meat,抽：love膏：toothpaste特：money，chalk，大特殊！大特殊！單復(fù)意不同單復(fù)意不同 單復(fù)意相關(guān)單復(fù)意相關(guān)同義單復(fù)異同義單復(fù)異ash ash 灰灰air air 空氣空氣rain rain 雨，雨水雨，雨水custom custom 習(xí)慣習(xí)慣, , 風(fēng)俗風(fēng)俗mannermanner 方式方式 sand sand 沙沙 time time 時間時間 workwork 工作工作 spiritspirit 精神精神 water water 水水 ashesashesairs airs rainsrainscustomscustomsmannersmannerssandssandstimestimesworks works spiritsspiritswaterswaters骨灰骨灰風(fēng)度風(fēng)度雨季雨季海關(guān)海關(guān), ,關(guān)稅關(guān)稅禮貌禮貌沙灘沙灘時代時代工廠工廠 烈酒烈酒海域海域有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)意義不同有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)意義不同 :有些名詞可以兼作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。有些名詞可以兼作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。glass ( glass ( 玻璃玻璃 ) )paper ( paper ( 紙紙 ) )iron ( iron ( 鐵鐵 ) )wood (wood (木頭木頭 ) )gold (gold (金子金子 ) )youth (youth (青春青春 ) )power ( power ( 力量力量 ) )beauty ( beauty ( 美美 ) )pleasure ( pleasure ( 愉快愉快 ) )experience(experience(經(jīng)驗經(jīng)驗) ) a glassa glassa papera paperan iron an iron a wood a wood a golda golda youth a youth a power a power a beauty a beauty a pleasurea pleasurean experiencean experience( ( 玻璃杯玻璃杯 ) )( ( 報紙報紙, ,論文論文 ) )( (熨斗熨斗 ) )( ( 樹林樹林 ) )( (金牌金牌 ) )( (年青人年青人 ) )( ( 大國大國 ) )( ( 美人美人) )( (使人愉快的事使人愉快的事) )( (經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷) ) 英語中有許多對名詞，一個可數(shù)，一個不可數(shù)。英語中有許多對名詞，一個可數(shù)，一個不可數(shù)。a poem a poem ( (一首詩一首詩 ) )a machine a machine ( (一臺機器一臺機器 ) )a job a job ( (一件工作一件工作 ) )a laugh a laugh ( (一個笑聲一個笑聲 ) )a loafa loaf ( (一只面包一只面包 ) )a hair a hair ( (一根頭發(fā)一根頭發(fā) ) )poetry poetry ( (詩歌總稱詩歌總稱) )machinerymachinery( (機器總稱機器總稱) )work work ( (工作工作 ) )laughter laughter ( (笑聲笑聲) )bread bread ( (面包面包 ) )hair hair ( (頭發(fā)頭發(fā)) )其他不規(guī)則變化其他不規(guī)則變化 1.man:menwomwome en; chairmn; chairme en n2.oo:ee f fee eet; tooth-tt; tooth-tee eeth; goose-gth; goose-gee eese se3.+en child-childrchild-childrenen; ox-ox; ox-oxenen4.ouse:ice mouse-mice 5.單復(fù)數(shù)相同單復(fù)數(shù)相同6.復(fù)合名詞：復(fù)合名詞：film-goerfilm-goers s; ; grown-upgrown-ups s sheep; deer; means; species; fish; sheep; deer; means; species; fish; Japanese; Chinese; Swiss; works; Japanese; Chinese; Swiss; works; yuanyuan ; ; jinjin1) 1)詞末詞末+-s:+-s: 2)2)主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式：主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式： passerpassers s-by-by looker lookers s-on; editor-on; editors s-in-chief; son-in-chief; sons s-in-law-in-law名詞的格 普通格：主格、賓格 所有格：s vs of s 與 of 的區(qū)別 雙重所有格 省略式S 形式 s形式概述 特殊用法S 概述 主要用于有生命的東西 一般在詞尾加s 如有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，則只加特殊用法（1） 表示時間：an hour s drive 表示由人組成的集體：our government s policy 表示國家、城市等地方：Beijing s environment 表示某些機構(gòu)活動等：the school s history 習(xí)語：for friendship s sake特殊用法（2） 表示類別：a doctor s degree 表示動作的執(zhí)行者：our teacher s praise 表示動作的承受者： children s education OF 形式 無生命的東西（不能用s 時）：the advantages of using computers 有生命的東西（定語較長時）：the support of the people all over the worldS 與OF 的區(qū)別 s表示有生命的東西，或與人有關(guān)的時間、地點、機構(gòu)等名詞 of表示無生命的東西 s表示類別或?qū)傩?名詞后有定語時，只能用of 名詞為the+adj時，只能用of雙重所有格 名詞前有一個數(shù)量詞或一個指示代詞that時，要用雙重所有格：1.some books of the teachers2.that smile of the boys注：不能與定冠詞the連用。省略式 注意：以下情況可以省略所有格后的名詞This is not my book, but Xiao Lins. Im going to the tailors.名詞變形容詞1.部分名詞后加-y構(gòu)成形容詞，表示“具有的”。 cloud cloudy; 2.部分分詞后加-ful 構(gòu)成形容詞，表示“的性質(zhì)”。 use useful; 3.有些名詞后加-less 構(gòu)成形容詞，表示“沒有的”。 care careless; 4.有些名詞后加-ous 構(gòu)成形容詞，表示“具有性質(zhì)的”。 danger dangerous; 5.一些物質(zhì)名詞的后面加-en構(gòu)成形容詞。 wood wooden; sun health care thank use hope fame gold wool sunnyhealthycarefulthankfuluselesshopelessfamousgoldenwoolen用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:1. Look! There are a lot of _(leaf) on the ground.2. There are a few _(people) in the room.3. I want two _(glass) of _ (milk).4. I have a lot of _ (money) in my pocket.5. People wear shoes on their _ (foot).6. The _ ( woman) teachers are playing basketball.7. There are some _ (dumpling) on the plate.8. Tom is at the _ (doctor).9. Can you tell us the differences between buildings and _ (house)?10.The first room is the _(teacher) office.leavespeopleglassesmilkmoneyfeetwomendumplingsdoctorshousesteachers中考連線中考連線:1.He had a _ visit to Canada last month. (02SZ) A. ten days B. ten-day C. ten-days D. ten day2. Will you please make _ for the woman with a baby? (05SZ) - Sure. Take my seat, please. A. rooms B. the rooms C. a room D. some room3. _mothers made them have piano lessons. (01SZ) A. Peter and Anne B. Peters and Annes C. Peters and Anne D. Peter and Annes4. Let the children go away. Theyre making too much _ here. (02 Shenyang) A. noise B. voice C. noisy D. sounds_1. Can I help you, sir? -Yes, Id like five _ and some peas. A. potato B. tomatoes C. meat D. banana (2004.長沙長沙)2. would you like something to drink, _ or coffee? -Coffee, please. A. fruit B. tea C. meat D. bread (2004.北京海淀區(qū)北京海淀區(qū))3. I have four _ and two _. A. boys friends, girl friend B. boy friends, girls friend C. boy friends, girl friends C. boys friend, girls friend4. Football is a popular _ around the world. A. match B. goal C. game D. play (2004. 安徽安徽)_