被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)1. 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：助動詞被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：助動詞be/get及物動詞的過去分詞。及物動詞的過去分詞。用法：用法：(1)動作的執(zhí)行者不知道是誰或難以說明時常用被動語態(tài)，如動作的執(zhí)行者不知道是誰或難以說明時常用被動語態(tài)，如 Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. (2) 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)，如當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)，如This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.【注意注意】(1) 帶雙賓語動詞的被動語態(tài)，若將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)帶雙賓語動詞的被動語態(tài)，若將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中的主語，直接賓語則保留不變；若將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z中的主語，直接賓語則保留不變；若將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中的主語，間接賓語前則需加介詞態(tài)中的主語，間接賓語前則需加介詞to 或或for。(2) 動詞動詞make, have, let, see, watch, hear, feel等接動詞不定式等接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，動詞不定式不帶作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，動詞不定式不帶to；但當(dāng)它們變成被動語；但當(dāng)它們變成被動語態(tài)時后面的不定式都須加上態(tài)時后面的不定式都須加上to，如，如The boss made them work ten hours a day.They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.(3) 當(dāng)句子的謂語為當(dāng)句子的謂語為say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report, suggest, think等時，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：等時，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。用謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。用it作形式作形式主語，真正的主語在后面，用主語從句來表示，如主語，真正的主語在后面，用主語從句來表示，如Paper is known to have been first made in China.It is known that paper was first made in China. 2. 被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)：被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)：(1)一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 系動詞系動詞am/is/are 動詞的過去分詞。動詞的過去分詞。(2) 一般過去時一般過去時系動詞系動詞was/were 動詞的過去分詞，如動詞的過去分詞，如The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.(3) 一般將來時一般將來時will 或或be going to be 動詞的過去分詞，如動詞的過去分詞，如These books are going to be posted tomorrow.(4) 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時助動詞助動詞have/has been 動詞的過去分詞，如動詞的過去分詞，如We havent been invited to the party.(5) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時be being 動詞的過去分詞，如動詞的過去分詞，如The problem is being discussed by the students.(6) 帶有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)帶有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 be 動詞的過去分詞，如動詞的過去分詞，如Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.注意注意:1.主動形式表被動意義主動形式表被動意義(1)cut, read, sell, wear, write, cook, lock, wash等表示主語性等表示主語性質(zhì)功能的動詞接狀語修飾語時，如質(zhì)功能的動詞接狀語修飾語時，如These novels wont sell well.(2) want / require / need doing中的中的doing(也可用也可用to be done)用主動形式表被動意義，如用主動形式表被動意義，如The house requires cleaning at once. C跟蹤演練跟蹤演練 Hi, Torry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? Sorry. _ .A. Its repaired B. It has been repairedC. Its being repaired D. It had been repaired【 解析解析】選選C。由。由Sorry可知，第二個說話者拒絕了第一可知，第二個說話者拒絕了第一個說話者借電腦的請求，只有選個說話者借電腦的請求，只有選C項(xiàng)，第二個人的理由才項(xiàng)，第二個人的理由才充分。答句句意：對不起，我的電腦正在維修。充分。答句句意：對不起，我的電腦正在維修。(3) 在在“be 形容詞形容詞 to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語時，用主動形式表被動。的主語時，用主動形式表被動。(4)系動詞系動詞feel, look, smell, taste, sound等。等。(5) 表示表示“開始、發(fā)生、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動開始、發(fā)生、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動”等的動詞。等的動詞。(6) 在在be worth doing中，中，doing用主動形式表被動。用主動形式表被動。(7) 不定式不定式 to blame (受譴責(zé)受譴責(zé))，to rent(出租出租)作表語時，用主動作表語時，用主動形式表被動。形式表被動。2. 被動形式表示主動意義被動形式表示主動意義be seated 坐著；坐著；be hidden 躲藏；躲藏；be lost 迷路；迷路；be drunk 喝喝醉；醉；be dressed 穿著。穿著。3. 被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語的特征或狀態(tài)。被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語的特征或狀態(tài)。 不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：(1)所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用被動語態(tài)。所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用被動語態(tài)。(2) 表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist of等。等。(3) 表示歸屬的動詞，如表示歸屬的動詞，如have, own, belong to等。等。(4) 表示表示“希望、希望、 意圖意圖”的動詞，如的動詞，如wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。等。(5) 賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)。賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)。(6) 賓語是同源賓語，不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動賓語是同源賓語，不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。語態(tài)。BC課堂訓(xùn)練課堂訓(xùn)練1. Although many measures _ ,the worlds economy is still going down.A. were taken B. have been takenC. will be taken D. are taken2. This Monday morning I was informed I _ as one of the three exchange students from our college.A. had been choosing B. was chosenC. had been chosen D. was choosingCD3. Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe, attempts _ to use botanical fuel as a source of power.A. have made B. having made C. are being made D. will be making4.Where can we get your new science fiction? Im sorry ,it _and will come out next week.A. has been printed B. will be printedC. is printed D. is being printedB5.Ever since the financial crisis _, many workers _ from their jobs.A. broke out; are laid offB. broke out; have been laid offC. has broken out; were laid offD. broke out; had been laid off高考鏈接高考鏈接1. (2012重慶高考重慶高考)Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _. We must act immediately before theres none left.A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run outD. are being run out【解析解析】選選B。考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意。考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意: 供應(yīng)洪災(zāi)地區(qū)的食供應(yīng)洪災(zāi)地區(qū)的食物快用完了。我們必須在用完之前立刻采取行動。物快用完了。我們必須在用完之前立刻采取行動。run out是不及物動詞是不及物動詞,不能用于被動語態(tài)不能用于被動語態(tài),排除排除C、D; 由第二句中的由第二句中的before theres none left可知可知, run out是將要發(fā)生的動作是將要發(fā)生的動作,應(yīng)用應(yīng)用將來時。將來時。have run out是現(xiàn)在完成時是現(xiàn)在完成時, 表示動作的完成表示動作的完成; are running out是進(jìn)行時是進(jìn)行時, 可以表將來可以表將來, 故選故選B。2.(2012安徽高考安徽高考)After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _.A. was decorated B. had decoratedC. had been decorating D. was being decorated【解析解析】選選D?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意。考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意: 放學(xué)后我們?nèi)シ艑W(xué)后我們?nèi)ラ営[室讀書閱覽室讀書, 結(jié)果被告知閱覽室正在裝修。由句子的謂語動結(jié)果被告知閱覽室正在裝修。由句子的謂語動詞詞went可知可知, 動作發(fā)生在過去動作發(fā)生在過去, 而裝修正在進(jìn)行而裝修正在進(jìn)行, 故需要使用故需要使用過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時; it指代指代the reading-room, 與動詞與動詞decorate是動賓是動賓關(guān)系關(guān)系, 故需要使用被動語態(tài)故需要使用被動語態(tài), 所以應(yīng)該使用過去進(jìn)行時的被所以應(yīng)該使用過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)動語態(tài), 故選故選D項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。3.(2012湖南高考湖南高考)Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life.A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid【解析解析】選選A。考查時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。句意。考查時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。句意:不要擔(dān)心。你不要擔(dān)心。你現(xiàn)在做的艱苦的工作會在以后的生活中得到回報(bào)。由句意現(xiàn)在做的艱苦的工作會在以后的生活中得到回報(bào)。由句意可知應(yīng)用一般將來時可知應(yīng)用一般將來時, 且艱苦的工作應(yīng)該是被回報(bào)且艱苦的工作應(yīng)該是被回報(bào), 故用動故用動詞的一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。詞的一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。A項(xiàng)為一般將來時的被動語態(tài)項(xiàng)為一般將來時的被動語態(tài),符合題意。符合題意。B項(xiàng)為過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)項(xiàng)為過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài); C項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在完成項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)時的被動語態(tài); D項(xiàng)為一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。項(xiàng)為一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。