12.圖畫(huà)作文 圖畫(huà)類(lèi)作文是材料作文的一種特殊形式，是一種變“畫(huà)”為文的作文方式。這種題型提供給考生的是圖畫(huà)，要求考生在看懂圖畫(huà)意思后寫(xiě)作文，主要訓(xùn)練和考查考生的觀察力、思考力、創(chuàng)造力和表達(dá)能力。 一、試題特征 1素材貼近生活。圖畫(huà)類(lèi)的書(shū)面表達(dá)一般都是中學(xué)生所熟悉的場(chǎng)景，畫(huà)面生動(dòng)形象，具有趣味性，體現(xiàn)高考書(shū)面表達(dá)“生活化”的特點(diǎn)。有時(shí)候還附帶有英語(yǔ)或漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)明，考生易獲得直觀信息。 2文體形式多樣。圖畫(huà)式作文主要有記敘文、說(shuō)明文和議論文。 二、寫(xiě)作步驟 1確定文章體裁。這類(lèi)文章一般以記敘文、說(shuō)明文和議論文為主。 2確定人稱(chēng)。如果以日記、回憶錄等形式來(lái)寫(xiě)，一般采用第一人稱(chēng)；如果是以講故事的形式來(lái)寫(xiě)，則一般采用第三人稱(chēng)。 3確定時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容及所采用的文章體裁，確定文章所要用的時(shí)態(tài)。 4合理、適度的聯(lián)想。這類(lèi)文章的說(shuō)明一般都要求考生進(jìn)行適度的聯(lián)想和發(fā)揮，以便使上下文能更好地連貫起來(lái)。 5虛實(shí)結(jié)合、詳略得當(dāng)。對(duì)于圖畫(huà)中的內(nèi)容，該詳細(xì)敘述描寫(xiě)的，就必須要詳細(xì)、具體；可以一筆帶過(guò)的就一筆帶過(guò)。比如圖畫(huà)中所有的時(shí)間、數(shù)字或言論須一詞不漏地寫(xiě)清楚，而有些過(guò)程或原因則可適當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)略。 三、注意事項(xiàng) 1看圖記敘文的寫(xiě)作 要注意把握寫(xiě)作素材的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物，以及事件的敘述。可以采取倒敘的方式，也可按事件的發(fā)生順序進(jìn)行描寫(xiě)。 2看圖議論文的寫(xiě)作 首先要認(rèn)真閱讀圖畫(huà)，把握?qǐng)D的意義，有時(shí)還要注意其隱含的觀點(diǎn)與意圖，并聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際進(jìn)行思考與闡述。 3看圖說(shuō)明文的寫(xiě)作 要注意觀察圖畫(huà)材料，找出所有內(nèi)容，然后按一定的順序有條理地闡述。說(shuō)明文的敘述順序一般有三種：時(shí)間順序、空間順序和邏輯順序(比如按圖畫(huà)反映的數(shù)字大小進(jìn)行敘述)。注意文章開(kāi)頭與結(jié)尾的呼應(yīng)。 四、常用句式 1用于描述圖畫(huà)或引入話(huà)題的句式 As is described in the picture. As is shown in the picture，we can see clearly the relationship between. The sight reminds me of something in my daily life. 2用于記敘事件經(jīng)過(guò)或分析現(xiàn)象的句式 At first.then.five minutes later.finally/in the end/at last. 開(kāi)始時(shí)然后五分鐘后最后。 Some were doing.，some were doing.and/while others were doing. 一些人在做，一些人在做，而另一些人在做。 .was/were doing.when sb./sth. did. 當(dāng)某事正在發(fā)生時(shí)突然又發(fā)生另一件事。 More and more people have come to realize the importance of. 越來(lái)越多的人已經(jīng)開(kāi)始意識(shí)到的重要性。 3用于發(fā)表議論或總結(jié)的句式 If such measures were not taken，the problem of.would be more serious. 如果不采取這樣的措施的話(huà)，的問(wèn)題會(huì)更加嚴(yán)重。 We can conclude from this picture that. 從這幅圖畫(huà)我們可以推斷。 As has been stated above，we must. 如上所述，我們必須。 【典例】假設(shè)你剛剛參加了一次”倫敦游學(xué)”活動(dòng)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下五幅圖的先后順序，寫(xiě)一篇英文匯報(bào)，在班內(nèi)介紹你們游學(xué)的過(guò)程。 注意：1.匯報(bào)的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)為你寫(xiě)好(不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))； 2.詞數(shù)不少于120。 參考詞匯：大本鐘Big Ben倫敦眼London Eye住宿家庭homestay family Good morning, everyone. It was a great honor to have been selected to go on a study tour in Britain. _ _ Thats all. Thank you. 解析：從這五幅圖看，應(yīng)該這樣來(lái)組織文章：1.我們到達(dá)英國(guó)Heathrow Airport，受到熱情的歡迎；2.我們到了各自的homestay family，與他們一起吃飯、聊天；3.我們到Westminster College聽(tīng)報(bào)告，了解大學(xué)的情況(圖中給出了大學(xué)的名稱(chēng)和教授做報(bào)告的內(nèi)容)；4.我們參觀了很多風(fēng)景名勝，比如Big Ben和London Eye；5.在最后一天，我們參加了告別會(huì)(farewell party)，大家在一起唱歌、跳舞；6.表達(dá)感想和意義，總結(jié)全文，說(shuō)明這次活動(dòng)的收獲提高了英語(yǔ)水平，更好地了解了英國(guó)文化。 優(yōu)美范文 Good morning, everyone. It was a great honor to have been selected to go on a study tour in Britain. On the morning of March 27, the moment we stepped out of Heathrow Airport, we were surprised to find our homestay families waiting to pick us up. Later we went to different homestay families as scheduled, where we had typical English food and chatted happily. The next day, as was arranged beforehand, we went to Westminster College to attend a presentation about the school. A professor gave us a vivid and interesting introduction, from which we learned a lot about the college. The following days sped by when we visited so many famous tourist attractions such as Big Ben and London Eye, where we took many photos. On the last day we had a farewell party, at which students from China and Britain gave fantastic performances including singing and dancing. From the study tour, not only have we improved our speaking skills, but weve got a better understanding of British culture. Thats all. Thank you. 點(diǎn)評(píng)：結(jié)構(gòu)安排合理，層次分明，銜接自然。如： 1.開(kāi)頭適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，增加到達(dá)的時(shí)間，這使得敘述更加真切；運(yùn)用了the moment，later，the next day，the following days，on the last day，保證了文章的連貫性； 2.范文用一個(gè)段落介紹五幅圖的內(nèi)容，在倒數(shù)第二段中講述了自己的感受，這樣安排使得文章的結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊。 注意： 1. 短文開(kāi)頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)； 2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3. 短文中不能出現(xiàn)與本人相關(guān)的信息。 參考詞匯：鑿，鉆：bore In the picture，_ _ _ 參考答案： In the picture ，we can see a boy in worn clothes, sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it. A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading. This is a wellknown story from ancient Chinese idiom. The boy, being poor couldnt afford even a candle, so he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbors house to read at night. The moral of the story is: spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be. Of course, things are totally different today. It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts. Hard work pays off. We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future. 解析：本題為看圖寫(xiě)作，主要是古時(shí)候的一則成語(yǔ)“鑿壁偷光”。注意條理要清晰，邏輯順序和結(jié)構(gòu)要恰當(dāng)，同時(shí)要盡量保持簡(jiǎn)潔精干的內(nèi)容，不拖泥帶水。要注意題中所給的信息，不可偏題，應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作對(duì)于內(nèi)容的要求是要達(dá)到寫(xiě)作目的。盡量保持卷面整潔，字體美觀，注意行文的連貫性。 點(diǎn)評(píng)：文章第一段描述圖片，第一句中用到了動(dòng)詞ing形式的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ)和with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)In the picture, we can see a boy in worn clothes, sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.圖中我們可以看見(jiàn)一個(gè)男孩穿著破舊的衣服坐在一個(gè)堆滿(mǎn)書(shū)的桌子旁邊。A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.一絲微弱的光亮從墻上的一個(gè)小洞穿過(guò)，他沉靜在自己的閱讀中。 第二段第一句開(kāi)始說(shuō)這個(gè)圖片的主題。This is a wellknown story from ancient Chinese idiom.這是一個(gè)眾人周知的中國(guó)古代成語(yǔ)。第二句也是用了一個(gè)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨狀語(yǔ)The boy, being poor couldnt afford even a candle, so he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbors house to read at night.這個(gè)貧窮的男孩甚至不能夠買(mǎi)得起一根蠟燭，于是他把墻鑿了一個(gè)洞，從他鄰居那里偷了一些光在夜晚閱讀。第二段最后一句用了一個(gè)no matter引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。The moral of the story is: spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.故事的精神是要不遺余力的獲取知識(shí)，并且不管有多么困難的情況從不輕易氣餒。 第三段結(jié)束Of course, things are totally different today. 當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在可完全不同了。第二句是一個(gè)not but 結(jié)構(gòu)以及賓語(yǔ)從句It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.不是這個(gè)故事本身而是這個(gè)故事反映出來(lái)的東西才是重要的。俗語(yǔ)：Hard work pays off.功夫不負(fù)有心人。We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.我們應(yīng)該不辭辛苦地通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)改進(jìn)自己并且為未來(lái)做準(zhǔn)備。