第二篇第二篇閱讀閱讀第四節(jié)文章主旨題的解題技巧第四節(jié)文章主旨題的解題技巧閱讀一篇文章，我們首先要了解其大意，明閱讀一篇文章，我們首先要了解其大意，明確其主旨。因此，主旨大意題是英語閱讀理解中確其主旨。因此，主旨大意題是英語閱讀理解中的?？碱}。主旨大意題包括：主題類試題的?？碱}。主旨大意題包括：主題類試題(main idea，mainly about)和文章標(biāo)題和文章標(biāo)題(title)類試題。類試題。第一類第一類 主題類試題主題類試題1Whats the main idea/point of the passage?2The passage is mainly about_3The passage is mainly concerned about_.4Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?5Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?一、常見的設(shè)問形式一、常見的設(shè)問形式6In this passage the author discusses primarily_. 7The subject discussed in this text is_.8The general/main idea of the passage is about_弄清文章的大意，關(guān)鍵是找到主題句。主題句弄清文章的大意，關(guān)鍵是找到主題句。主題句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼應(yīng)，但有時也在文中，甚通常在文首、文末或首尾呼應(yīng)，但有時也在文中，甚至沒有主題句，需根據(jù)文章所述內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納。同時，至沒有主題句，需根據(jù)文章所述內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納。同時，各段的主題句也常在該段的首句或尾句。議論文和說各段的主題句也常在該段的首句或尾句。議論文和說明文一般有主題句，但記敘文通常沒有主題句，需要明文一般有主題句，但記敘文通常沒有主題句，需要歸納。歸納。用瀏覽法用瀏覽法(skimming)，即快速閱讀文首、文尾，即快速閱讀文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主題線索和主題信息的或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主題線索和主題信息的方法可以快速找到主題句。以下是找主題句的四個小方法可以快速找到主題句。以下是找主題句的四個小竅門：竅門：二、解題方法二、解題方法1段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如如however，but，in fact，actually等等)時，該句很可能是主題句時，該句很可能是主題句。 2首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。是文章主旨。3作者有意識地反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點，通常是主旨；作者有意識地反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。4表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的話常有表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的話常有therefore，thus，in short，conclude，conclusion等等。例例 Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family，and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck.Im not going to say luck，talent，and circumstances dont come into play because they do.Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence，and thats just the reality of how life is. However，to succeed in life，one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.And，in addition to that，in order to generally good at something，one needs to spend at least 10，000 hours studying and practicing.To become great at certain things，itll require even more time，time that most people wont put in.Whatever you do，if you want to become great at it，you need to work day in and day out，almost to the point of addiction，and over a long period of time.If youre not willing to put in the time and work，dont expect to receive any rewards. What is the main theme of the passage?AHaving a goal is vital to success.BBeing good is different from being great.COne cannot succeed without time and practice.DLuck，talent and family help to achieve success.解析：解析： 主旨?xì)w納題。由第二段開頭的主旨?xì)w納題。由第二段開頭的However可可知知，本文的中心論題不是第一段而在第二段本文的中心論題不是第一段而在第二段“to succeed in life，one first needs to.needs to.”，再再結(jié)合最后一段第一句結(jié)合最后一段第一句“if you want to become great at it，you need to work day in and day out，almost to the point of addiction，and over a long period of time”，可知本文的主題思想可知本文的主題思想不花時間、不去實不花時間、不去實踐是不可能踐是不可能取得成功的。取得成功的。答案：答案：C第二類第二類 標(biāo)題類試題標(biāo)題類試題 1The best title of the passage is_2Which of the following is the best title of the passage?3The best title for the passage is_4The most appropriate title of the passage is_一、常見的設(shè)問形式一、常見的設(shè)問形式一個好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)具備三個特點：一個好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)具備三個特點：概括性強(qiáng)，準(zhǔn)確而又簡短；針對性強(qiáng)，標(biāo)題外延正概括性強(qiáng)，準(zhǔn)確而又簡短；針對性強(qiáng)，標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符；醒目性強(qiáng)，新穎奇特，能引發(fā)讀者好與文章內(nèi)容相符；醒目性強(qiáng)，新穎奇特，能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。的閱讀欲望。因此有必要掌握以下三種方法：因此有必要掌握以下三種方法：1正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，揣摩哪正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，揣摩哪個選項能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨。個選項能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨。 2.反面否定法：撇開原文，拿各個備選項去設(shè)想反面否定法：撇開原文，拿各個備選項去設(shè)想用它們寫出來的用它們寫出來的“文章文章”將是什么內(nèi)容，然后和原文章將是什么內(nèi)容，然后和原文章對照，一一排除不符選項。對照，一一排除不符選項。二、解題方法二、解題方法 3.研究備選項本身：研究備選項里面的中心詞、研究備選項本身：研究備選項里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、結(jié)構(gòu)、新奇性、概括性等。修飾詞的變化、結(jié)構(gòu)、新奇性、概括性等。例例1 In the animal kingdom，weakness can bring about aggression in other animal.This sometimes happens with humans also.But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.I see it every day when people hold doors for me，pour cream into my coffee，or help me to put on my coat.And I have discovered that it makes them happy. From my wheelchair experience，I see the best in people.Often，we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness.But only when we stop pretending were brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness thats in them.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?AA Wheelchair ExperienceBWeakness and KindnessCWeakness and StrengthDA Driving Experience解析：解析： 標(biāo)題類主旨大意題。在第一段中出標(biāo)題類主旨大意題。在第一段中出現(xiàn)了表示轉(zhuǎn)折的現(xiàn)了表示轉(zhuǎn)折的“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.”便是主題句便是主題句，再根據(jù)第二段最后一句可以確再根據(jù)第二段最后一句可以確定選定選B。答案：答案：B例例2 Although the use of the expression is an insincere，meaningless social custom at times，there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is little uninteresting.The salesgirl，the waitress，the teacher，and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day.But in a strange and comfortable way，its nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really dont care all that much.While the expression may not often be sincere，it is always spoken.The point is that people say it all the time when they like.What is the best title of the passage?AHave a Nice Day A Social CustomBHave a Nice Day A Pleasant GestureCHave a Nice Day A Heartwarming GreetingDHave a Nice Day A Polite Ending of a Conversation解析：解析： 標(biāo)題類主旨大意題。由該段的第一句標(biāo)題類主旨大意題。由該段的第一句(特別特別是是social custom)可知?？芍?。答案：答案：A閱讀下列文段，從閱讀下列文段，從A、B、C和和D項中選出最佳選項中選出最佳選項。項。1Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant love others until you love yourself.Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant expect someone else to love you until you love yourself.Either way，youve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky.Sure we all know that were the apple of our parents eyes，and that our Grandmas think were great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics，but sometimes its a lot harder to thinku即學(xué)即即學(xué)即練練such nice thoughts about ourselves.If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge，it is time you build a positive selfimage and learn to love yourself. The best way to defeat a passive selfimage is to step back and decide to stress your successes.That is，make a list if you need to，but write down all of the great things you do every day.Dont allow doubts to occur in it. The best way to get rid of a negative selfimage is to realize that your image is far from objective，and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities.Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive selfimage.When you can pat(拍拍) yourself on the back，youll know youre well on your way.Good luck!What is the passage mainly about?AHow to prepare for your success.BHow to face challenges in your life.CHow to build a positive selfimage.DHow to develop your good qualities.解析：解析： 主旨大意題。反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語主旨大意題。反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。第一段最后一句中有為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。第一段最后一句中有“build a positive selfimage”，第二段首句的第二段首句的“the best way to defeat a passive selfimage is to.”，最后一段的首句最后一段的首句“The best way to get rid of a negative selfimage is to.”都是說明如何建都是說明如何建立積極的自我形象的。故選立積極的自我形象的。故選C。答案：答案：C 2Weather changes when the temperature and the amount of water in the atmosphere change.We can see and feel water coming from the atmosphere when we have rain.But the water must somehow get back to the atmosphere.Meteorologists call this the water cycle.What is the main idea of the passage?AWater cycle.BWater vapour.CHow rain forms.DWater，vapour，rain.解析：解析： 主 旨 大 意 題 。 由 該 段 最 后 一 句主 旨 大 意 題 。 由 該 段 最 后 一 句“Meteorologists call this the water cycle.”可知可知選選A。答案：答案：A 3Technology is the application(應(yīng)用應(yīng)用)of knowledge to production.Thanks to modern technology，we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force.New machines and new methods have helped cut down time and expense while increasing overall output.This has meant more production and a higher standard of living.For most of us in America，modern technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars and television sets.However，technology has also increased the amount of food available to us，by means of modern farming machinery and animal breeding techniques，and has extended our life span via(通通過過)medical technology. What is the best title for the passage? AThe Definition of TechnologyBModern TechnologyCThe Application of TechnologyDThe Development of Technology解析：解析： 主旨大意題。文章第一句是主題句：科主旨大意題。文章第一句是主題句：科學(xué)技術(shù)是知識在生產(chǎn)上的應(yīng)用。后面的內(nèi)容都是學(xué)技術(shù)是知識在生產(chǎn)上的應(yīng)用。后面的內(nèi)容都是根據(jù)這句話來展開。根據(jù)這句話來展開。答案：答案：C4The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold.They are not.They are caused by viruses(病毒病毒)passing on from person to person.You catch a cold by coming into contact，directly or indirectly，with someone who already has one.If cold causes colds，it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever.But they do not.And in isolated Arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes. The passage mainly discusses_Athe experiments on the common coldBthe fallacy (謬論謬論)about the common coldCthe reason and the way people catch coldsDthe continued spread of common colds 主旨大意題。該段的第一、二句主旨大意題。該段的第一、二句“The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold.They are not.”是本文的主題句。是本文的主題句。全文主要反駁了全文主要反駁了“感冒是由寒冷引起的感冒是由寒冷引起的”這一觀這一觀點。點。解析：解析：答案：答案：B 5Zinc(鋅鋅)is one of about 20 elements necessary for good health.It is present in the body in a very small amount but makes it possible for important chemical actions to be carried out in cells.Scientists are just beginning to discover how zinc and other elements work.The best title for the passage may be_AA New DiscoveryBZinc and HealthCHow Zinc WorksDAdd Zinc to Your Food 主 旨 大 意 題 。 根 據(jù) 第 一 句主 旨 大 意 題 。 根 據(jù) 第 一 句 ( 主 題主 題句句)“Zinc(鋅鋅)is one of about 20 elements necessary for good health.”可知?？芍?。解析：解析：答案：答案：B6According to a famous optical(光學(xué)光學(xué))expert，Alexander，who recently visited Shanghai，the developed countries in Europe and America have made rules that children must wear resinous (樹樹脂脂)glasses instead of the traditional glasses made of glass.This is because the glass glasses are more likely to do harm to childrens eyesight.This piece of news mainly wants to tell us_AAlexander visited China and introduced a new type of glassesBwe should wear resinous glasses instead of glass glassesCresinous glasses are popular in Europe and AmericaDglasses can be made of other materials instead of glass 主 旨 大 意 題 。 根 據(jù) 文 章 第 一 句主 旨 大 意 題 。 根 據(jù) 文 章 第 一 句“.children must wear resinous(樹脂樹脂)glasses instead of the traditional glasses made of glass”可知選可知選B。解析：解析：答案：答案：B7Mr.Peter Johnson，aged twentythree，battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water.Mr.Johnson took the only escape routethrough the boot(行李箱行李箱)What is the best title for this newspaper article?AThe Story of Mr.Johnson，A Sweet SalesmanBCar Boot Can Serve as the Best Escape Route CDriver Escapes Through Car Boot DThe Driver Survived a Terrible Car Accident 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一句主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一句“Mr.Peter Johnson.escape from his trapped car.through the boot”可歸納出文章的標(biāo)題?？蓺w納出文章的標(biāo)題。解析：解析：答案：答案：C8The most frightening words in the English language are，“Our computer is down.” You hear it more and more when you are on business.The other day I was at the airport waiting for a ticket to Washington and the girl in the ticket office said，“Im sorry，I cant sell you a ticket.Our computer is down.” The best title for the article is _AWhen the Computer is DownBThe Most Frightening WordsCThe Computer of the AirportDAsking the Computer 主旨大意題。反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語主旨大意題。反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)文章第一句中的，根據(jù)文章第一句中的“Our computer is down.”可知選可知選A。解析：解析：答案：答案：A