Module8Unit 4 Films and film events（2）怎樣寫好看圖作文怎樣寫好看圖作文， 結(jié)合下面的題目略加敘述：要求：假若下面圖畫中的學(xué)生就是你， 根據(jù)以下六幅圖畫， 用英語寫一篇故事。生詞： calling card 名片 注意：1故事須包括所有圖畫的內(nèi)容， 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)， 使故事連貫。2詞數(shù)120左右。 我們可以分三步來寫這個(gè)故事。 第一步：確定體裁。通過認(rèn)真閱讀所給的文字說明和參考詞匯及畫面， 我們可以確定， 命題者是要我們寫一篇記敘文。要想確定體裁， 我們重點(diǎn)看一下第一和第五幅圖， 看過第一幅圖， 可以得到這樣的信息：“我”在放學(xué)回家的路上撿到一個(gè)錢包。第五幅圖提供的信息是：我把錢包還給了失主。因此， 我們可以作出判斷， 命題者要我們寫一個(gè)拾金不昧的故事， 屬于記敘文的范疇。 第二步：確定主題。作文體裁確定之后， 緊接著就要確定主題。確定主題的時(shí)候， 我們應(yīng)全面、深刻、細(xì)致地觀察每一幅畫面， 對每一幅畫中的人物、情景進(jìn)行縝密的分析研究， 從而獲得全面準(zhǔn)確的信息， 而后對這些信息進(jìn)行處理加工， 最終得出作文的主題。通過第一步我們已經(jīng)知道第一幅圖說明的是：我在放學(xué)回家的路上撿到了一個(gè)錢包。第二幅圖說明的是：我打開錢包， 發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有許多錢和一張名片。第三幅圖：通過名片， 我知道了失主的名字、地址和電話號(hào)碼。我馬上用公共電話給失主打電話。第四幅圖：我在公共汽車站等候失主前來認(rèn)領(lǐng)錢包。第五幅圖：失主來了， 我交還了錢包。第6幅圖：失主拿出錢來酬謝我， 我婉言謝絕。通過對這六幅圖進(jìn)行分析研究， 我們可以得到以下信息：出題者提供給我們6幅圖， 讓我們以第一人稱敘述自己放學(xué)回家的途中撿到錢包， 不為金錢所動(dòng)， 主動(dòng)把錢包還給失主的故事， 從而謳歌我們社會(huì)年青一代所具有的拾金不昧的高尚品質(zhì)。 第三步：編寫提綱。要想寫好一篇作文， 只是確定體裁、主題還是不夠的。第三步也是非常重要的。看圖寫作的時(shí)候， 我們可以編寫一份提綱， 也可以打個(gè)腹稿， 無論是編寫提綱還是打腹稿， 一定要注意內(nèi)容切題、要點(diǎn)齊全。 這個(gè)故事的提綱為： (1)我放學(xué)回家 (2)我在323路公共汽車站附近撿到一個(gè)錢包 (3)我打開錢包 (4)錢包里有許多錢和一張名片 (5)我給失主打電話 (6)我在323路公共汽車站等候失主 (7)失主前來認(rèn)領(lǐng)錢包 (8)失主表示感謝 提綱列好了， 還應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮怎樣寫才能有條有理、層次分明， 也就是段落的劃分問題。段落的劃分， 有關(guān)“我”的內(nèi)容為第一段， 有關(guān)“失主”的內(nèi)容為第二段， 即最后一段。 做完上面的事情之后， 我們就可以提筆寫作了。寫作的時(shí)候， 還應(yīng)當(dāng)注意語言要規(guī)范， 表達(dá)要準(zhǔn)確。盡量選擇自己最有把握的表達(dá)方式， 句子宜短不宜長， 應(yīng)慎用分詞或復(fù)合句。拿不準(zhǔn)的， 可采取“回避”的辦法， 在不改變原有意思的前提下， 改換另一種表達(dá)方式。要學(xué)會(huì)靈活運(yùn)用語言， 切忌生搬硬套漢語的表達(dá)方式。為了使要點(diǎn)之間銜接得更緊密， 在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤剑?可以進(jìn)行合理的想象。 One possible version: One day, on my way home after school, I found a wallet near the No.323 Bus Stop.I opened the wallet and saw lots of money and a calling card in it.From the calling card I knew the owners name, address and telephone number.So I went to the public telephone and called the owner.Then I waited at the bus stop.Before long the owner arrived, and I gave the wallet to her. The owner was so thankful to me that she took out a 100yuannote to reward me.But I politely refused it and went back home.根據(jù)下面兩幅圖畫， 以“Laughter Is the Best Medicine”為題， 寫一篇不少于120詞的短文。One possible version: In our daily life, if we laugh more often we will feel happier and healthier because “l(fā)aughter is the best medicine”. From the pictures, we can see everyone seems quite happy. That is because laughter can really bring us a lot of benefits. First, laughter has a similar effect to physical exercise. Next, laughter is a kind of pain relief. When we laugh, we produce a kind of chemical materials in our body that helps us to relieve pain. In addition, laughter stimulates our immune system, preventing us from being infected by diseases. Third, laughter improves our state of mind and affects our entire physical well beings. Each time we laugh, we feel better and more content. Finally, laughter helps to ease the tension between people. Sometimes when people are going to quarrel with each other for one reason or another, a humorous remark leading to laughter can help settle the argument.強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句是一種修辭，是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式。廣義的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型包括感嘆句，“如此以致”句型，含even(甚至)的句式，助動(dòng)詞對謂語動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型以及Its/wasthat(who/whom)等句型。狹義的強(qiáng)調(diào)句指的是Its/wasthat(who/whom)句型。英語中常見的用來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的句型有以下幾種。一、用助動(dòng)詞do, did, does強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語用助動(dòng)詞do, did, does放在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的句子中動(dòng)詞原形前，以強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語。He did tell all that had happened to him.他確實(shí)把發(fā)生的事情都說了。She does get up early.她的確常起得很早。Do be careful next time.下次務(wù)必要小心。二、用倒裝句來強(qiáng)調(diào)以加強(qiáng)語氣Never have I seen such a wonderful film.我從來沒看過如此精彩的電影。So hard did he study that he could easily pass the examination.他那么努力才能輕易通過考試。三、用 what來加強(qiáng)語氣He needs money.他需要錢。What he needs is money.他所需要的是錢。Learning and knowledge are important to us, but what is more important is a noble character.學(xué)問和知識(shí)很重要，但更重要的是高尚的品格。四、用in the world, on earth, at all等介詞短語來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，常用在疑問句中，與ever同義What in the world are you doing in my car?你究竟在我的車?yán)镒鍪裁?？How on earth did she manage that?她究竟怎么辦到的呢？ Are you at all worried about the forecast?對這項(xiàng)預(yù)報(bào)你不擔(dān)點(diǎn)兒心嗎？If you ever visit London, you must come and stay with us. 你要是來倫敦，一定要到我們這來住住。五、用It is /wasthat來強(qiáng)調(diào)主語，賓語，狀語強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的構(gòu)成是：It is (was) 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 that (who) 句子的其他成分。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在 It is (was) 之后，其他部分置于that之后。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語、賓語、表語或狀語。強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語如果是人，可以由who代替that。 1.被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分舉例：原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.湯姆昨天在教室里找到了我的筆。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語：It was Tom who / that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語：It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語：It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語：It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.2強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問式：直接把is或was提到it之前即可。Was it Tom that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?3強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問式：特殊疑問詞 is (was) it that 句子的其他成分。特殊疑問詞即是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分。Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?4that (who) 有時(shí)可以省略：這種強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that或who有時(shí)可以省略。It was my brother (that / whom) you saw the other day.你前幾天看見的是我的兄弟。5強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句要注意：若從句由as或since引導(dǎo)，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)則改為because，這是因?yàn)椋琤ecause引導(dǎo)的原因從句表示的意義非常強(qiáng)烈，符合強(qiáng)調(diào)句的目的。As she got up late, she missed the first bus.變?yōu)椋篒t was because she got up late that she missed the bus.她起床遲了沒有趕上汽車。6強(qiáng)調(diào)句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移：有些否定句在變成強(qiáng)調(diào)句時(shí)，要把否定轉(zhuǎn)移到被強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞語之前。尤其是“notuntil”句式的強(qiáng)調(diào)要特別注意。He didnt realize his mistake until the teacher had told him. 變?yōu)椋篒t wasnt until the teacher had told him that he realized his mistake. 直到老師告訴他他才意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。湖南高考強(qiáng)調(diào)也是隔年考一次，總計(jì)1分。1如果原句中謂語動(dòng)詞使用的是現(xiàn)在范疇的時(shí)態(tài)用It isthat。如果原句中謂語動(dòng)詞為過去范疇的時(shí)態(tài)則用It wasthat。有時(shí)be前可以使用表示推測的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。It is not everyone that can draw well.不是每個(gè)人都能畫得好的。It was for his eyes that we asked him not to read in the sun.我們是為他的眼睛著想才叫他不要在太陽下看書的。It must be Jack who let out the secret.肯定是杰克泄露了秘密。2強(qiáng)調(diào)主語用人稱代詞主格，強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語用賓格。It was I who gave you the book.(不用me)It was him that they telephoned.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語用賓格)3即使被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是句子中的時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、原因狀語等，也不能用when，where, because要用that。It was in Athens that the 2004 Olympic Games were held.2004年奧運(yùn)會(huì)是在雅典舉行的。4如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分有同位語，同位語也應(yīng)提前。It was from him, our English teacher, that we learned this English song.我們從英語老師那學(xué)會(huì)了這首英文歌。5當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是notuntil句型時(shí)，應(yīng)將not置于until之前，主句由否定句改為肯定句。We didnt recognize her until she took off her glasses.It was not until she took off her glasses that we recognized her. 注意與下面一句的區(qū)別：此句為not位于句首，要主謂倒裝。Not until she took off her glasses did we recognize her.6疑問句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。其一般疑問句形式是：Is/Was it被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分who/that其特殊疑問句形式是：疑問詞is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分thatWas it in the classroom that the meeting was held?會(huì)議是在教室里舉行的嗎？Who was it that broke the vase?是誰打碎了花瓶？7與定語從句連用的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。Was it in the house where his grandfather once lived that they found the old picture?他們是在他祖父曾經(jīng)住過的房子里找到那張舊照片的嗎？ Where did you meet him?你在哪遇到他的？ It was in the hotel where he stayed.在他住的旅館里。(本句后省略了that I met him)8與其他狀語從句的區(qū)別It was at 7 oclock that I arrived. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語at 7 oclock )It was 7 oclock when I arrived. (when時(shí)間狀語從句。在7 oclock前無介詞at)主要搞清楚的一點(diǎn)是：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中去掉It is/wasthat后仍然是一個(gè)完整的句子。而其他句型則不行。9英語中常用助動(dòng)詞do、does或did強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語。He did go to the airport yesterday, but he didnt find you. 他昨天確實(shí)去了機(jī)場，但他沒有找到你。1. Was it under the tree _ you were away talking to a friend? Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone. A. that B. where C. which D. whileD此題很容易誤選A，認(rèn)為這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。其實(shí)此題的最佳答案是D。做好此題的關(guān)鍵是正確理解句中 it 的用法和意思。從上下文的語境來看，句中的 it 應(yīng)是代詞，指代 the bike，句意為：“當(dāng)你離開去同朋友談話的時(shí)候，你的自行車是在這樹下嗎？”“肯定是的，但當(dāng)我回來時(shí)，自行車就不見了?！?. It was lack of money, not of effort, _ defeated their plan. A. which B. as C. that D. whatC此題容易誤選A，受空格前逗號(hào)的影響，誤認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，從而誤選了A。其實(shí)，此題最佳答案為C，整個(gè)句子為一個(gè) it wasthat 強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort這一結(jié)構(gòu)，干擾了許多同學(xué)對 it was lack of money that defeated their plan這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句的認(rèn)識(shí)和分析。3. An awful accident _， however, occur the other day. A. does B. did C. has to D. had to B此題正確答案應(yīng)選B，句末的 the other day 意為“前幾天”，所以句子應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)，而選項(xiàng)D填進(jìn)去不合題意。此句有兩個(gè)難點(diǎn)：一是句中插有 however 一詞，分散了同學(xué)們的注意力；二是所填選項(xiàng)B為許多同學(xué)所不熟悉的強(qiáng)調(diào)用法。