第二篇第二篇閱讀閱讀第一節(jié)事實細節(jié)題的解題技巧第一節(jié)事實細節(jié)題的解題技巧1 W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s N O T included/mentioned in the passage?2Which of the following (sentences/statements) is NOT true according to the passage?3According to the passage，all of the following are TRUE except/but_4The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT_一、常見的設問形式一、常見的設問形式5In the passage，the author states that _6According to the passage，when (where，why，how，who，etc.).1描寫類細節(jié)題。描寫類細節(jié)題。2數(shù)據(jù)計算題。數(shù)據(jù)計算題。3排序題。排序題。4信息尋找、廣告閱讀題。信息尋找、廣告閱讀題。5圖文轉換題。圖文轉換題。6表格理解題。表格理解題。二、常見題型二、常見題型1語意轉換。細節(jié)理解題設題時為了避免出語意轉換。細節(jié)理解題設題時為了避免出現(xiàn)原文中所用的詞匯，常常使用一些同義詞、近義現(xiàn)原文中所用的詞匯，常常使用一些同義詞、近義詞或反義詞詞或反義詞(雙重否定雙重否定)。因而在解題時要注意語意。因而在解題時要注意語意轉換。轉換。2設題順序。一般來說，題序與其相關信息設題順序。一般來說，題序與其相關信息在文中的順序一致，如某題的答案信息往往會在下在文中的順序一致，如某題的答案信息往往會在下一小題的答案信息之前。一小題的答案信息之前。三、設題方式三、設題方式3設題干擾項。設題干擾項。(1)正誤并存：部分正確，部分錯誤。正誤并存：部分正確，部分錯誤。(2)擴大或縮小范圍：是原文信息，但不是題干要擴大或縮小范圍：是原文信息，但不是題干要求。求。(3)偷換概念：符合常識，但不是文章的內容。偷換概念：符合常識，但不是文章的內容。(4)以偏概全：與原句的內容極其相似，但在程度、以偏概全：與原句的內容極其相似，但在程度、態(tài)度、褒貶色彩上有變動。態(tài)度、褒貶色彩上有變動。(5)無中生有：明顯不是文章的信息，與文章事實無中生有：明顯不是文章的信息，與文章事實不符或相反。不符或相反。1迅速定位，縮小范圍。通過尋讀法迅速定位，縮小范圍。通過尋讀法(scanning)，用題干中的關鍵詞在文中搜索，迅速確定相關詞句或用題干中的關鍵詞在文中搜索，迅速確定相關詞句或信息點所在的位置，縮小閱讀范圍。信息點所在的位置，縮小閱讀范圍。2理解其意，對照選項。在找到關鍵詞句后，理解其意，對照選項。在找到關鍵詞句后，要仔細閱讀，準確理解，對照選項，看哪個選項的意要仔細閱讀，準確理解，對照選項，看哪個選項的意思與之最接近。思與之最接近。3排除干擾，選出答案。在作出選擇的過程中，排除干擾，選出答案。在作出選擇的過程中，要善于辨別真?zhèn)危懦蓴_，不斷縮小范圍，選出正要善于辨別真?zhèn)?，排除干擾，不斷縮小范圍，選出正確答案。確答案。四、解題步驟四、解題步驟注意：注意：解題時要留意否定詞解題時要留意否定詞，如果題干中如果題干中含有否定意義的詞含有否定意義的詞，如如NOT，EXCEPT等等，應應特別留心。在解答排序題時特別留心。在解答排序題時，可采用可采用“首尾定首尾定位法位法”，即先找到第一個動作和最后一個動作即先找到第一個動作和最后一個動作，縮小范圍以便能迅速選出正確答案?？s小范圍以便能迅速選出正確答案。例例1 Tuition Fees(學費學費)Tuition fees are different from department to department，generally from $5，000 to $6，000 a year.For further information：tuiwaikato.ac.nz.Accommodation(住宿住宿)You can have a room in a 4bedroom flat，which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person.For further information：accwaikato.ac.nz.五、典例精五、典例精析析 You have to pay at least _a year if you study at the University of Waikato.A$5，250 B$8，000C$9，000 D$11，000解析：解析： 數(shù)據(jù)計算題。本篇是介紹數(shù)據(jù)計算題。本篇是介紹Waikato大學的大學的廣告。從廣告。從“Tuition Fees(學費學費)：Tuition fees are different from department to department，generally from $5，000 to $6，000 a year.”和和“Accommodation(住宿住宿)：You答案：答案：Bcan have a room in a 4bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about$150 a month for one person.”可知可知，在那兒在那兒學習一年的費用是：學習一年的費用是：$5，000(學費學費)$100(住宿住宿費費)12(months)$150(生活費生活費)12(months)$8，000。例例2 People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists.Once at the store，a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system(系系統(tǒng)統(tǒng))that will organize the trip around the store.If youre looking for toothpicks，you type in the word or pick it from a list，and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.The devices also keeps a record of what you buy.When youve finished，the device figures out your bill.Then you go to the checker or place your card into a selfcheckout stand and pay.Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping card?aStart the system.bMake a shopping list.cFind the things you want.dGo to a selfcheckout stand.Aabdc BbacdCacbd Dbcad解析：解析：答案：答案：B 排序題。排序題。 由第一段第一句話可知第一件由第一段第一句話可知第一件事是事是make a shopping list。去到商店后。去到商店后“start the system”，根據(jù)指引根據(jù)指引“you can find them”，最后最后去結賬去結賬，故順序為故順序為bacd。本題也可采用排除法。本題也可采用排除法，c和和d是相鄰且為先后的順序是相鄰且為先后的順序，故排除故排除A、C、D。本題還可結合自己的購物常識進行快速判斷。本題還可結合自己的購物常識進行快速判斷。例例3 In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They dont get to see this soft side of others. Often，we try every possible way to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending.But only when we stop pretending were brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness thats in them.1The author has discovered that people will feel happy when _Athey offer their helpBthey receive others helpCthey feel others kindnessDthey show their weakness 事實細節(jié)題。由第一段最后一句可知事實細節(jié)題。由第一段最后一句可知，關，關鍵是理清該句中的鍵是理清該句中的it，它指的是前文中的它指的是前文中的“the kindness in people”，其具體行為是其具體行為是“people hold doors for me，pour cream into my coffee，or help me to put on my coat”，人們的這些行為概括起來人們的這些行為概括起來，就是就是they offer their help，故選故選A。文中信息與選。文中信息與選項表述的關系是具體與概括的關系。項表述的關系是具體與概括的關系。解析：解析：答案：答案：A2The author feels sad sometimes because _Ahe has a soft heartBhe relies much on othersCsome people pretend to be kindDsome people fail to see the kindness in others 事實細節(jié)題。由第二段第一句事實細節(jié)題。由第二段第一句but后的內后的內容可知容可知，D選項中用選項中用some people代替了文中代替了文中“those who appear independent”，用用fail to see代代替了文中的替了文中的miss。解析：解析：答案：答案：D3What does the underlined word “it” refer to?AAnimal kingdom. BWeakness.CAggressive behavior. DKindness. 意義猜測。意義猜測。it指代前面的指代前面的the kindness in people。解析：解析：答案：答案：D例例4 In a world with limited land，water and other natural resources (資源資源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise.Actually，the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續(xù)的可持續(xù)的) ways.That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products.In other words，we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that _Ait makes the world warmerBit consumes natural resourcesCit brings severe damage to forestsDit makes growth hard to continue 事實細節(jié)解。根據(jù)事實細節(jié)解。根據(jù)“the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm.”可可知：傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式的危害是使全球氣候變知：傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式的危害是使全球氣候變暖、不能持續(xù)發(fā)展、給未來發(fā)展造成損失。暖、不能持續(xù)發(fā)展、給未來發(fā)展造成損失。B不選不選，過度使用自然資源才是有害的。過度使用自然資源才是有害的。解析：解析：答案：答案：B閱讀下列文段，從題后所給的閱讀下列文段，從題后所給的A、B、C、和、和D項中選出最佳選項。項中選出最佳選項。(一一)Mothers，doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.u即學即即學即練練According to the Paragraph，one reason why a baby cries is that it feels _Asick BupsetCsleepy Dhungry 事實細節(jié)題。由該段最后一句事實細節(jié)題。由該段最后一句“The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.”可知?？芍?。hungry是是searching for food的近義替換。的近義替換。解析：解析：答案：答案：D (二二)When Frida Kahlos paintings were on show in London, a poet described her paintings as “a ribbon(絲帶絲帶) around a bomb”. Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time. Sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City, Kahlo suffered from polio (小兒麻痹癥小兒麻痹癥) at the age of seven.Her spine(脊柱脊柱) became bent as she grew older. Then, in 1925, her back was broken in s e v e r a l p l a c e s i n a s c h o o l b u s accident.Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back. However, the accident had an unexpected side effect. While lying in her bed recovering, Kahlo taught herself to paint. In 1929, she got married to Diego Rivera, another famous Mexican artist. Riveras strong influence on Kahlos style can be seen in her early works，but her later works from the 1940s，known today as her best works, show less influence from her husband.Unfortunately, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s, even in her home country. Her first onewoman show in Mexico was not held until 1953. For more than a decade after her death in 1954, Kahlos works remained largely unnoticed by the world，but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last. 1The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by _.ApolioBher bent spineCback injuriesDthe operation she had 事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段“her back was broken in several places in a shoolbus accident.but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back”可知選可知選C。解析：解析：答案：答案：C 2Kahlos style had become increasingly independent since the _A1930s B1940sC1950s D1970s 事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段“but her later works from the 1940s，known today as her best works，show less influence from her husband”可可知選知選B。解析：解析：答案：答案：B (三三)The valuepacked, allinclusive sightseeing package that combines the best of Sydneys harbour, city, bay and beach highlights.A Sydney Pass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses. The “red”Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the “blue”Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent dailyharbour cruises (游船游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or City Rail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city. Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise.The possibilities and plans are endless with a Sydney Pass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis. Sydney Passes are available for 3.5 or 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All Sydney Passes include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3.5 or 7 days, and the return trip is valid(有效有效的的)for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.Sydney Pass FaresAdultChild*Family * *3 day ticket$90$45$2255 day ticket$120$60$3007 day ticket$140$70$350* A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years.Children under 4 years travel free.* * A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.1A Sydney Pass doesnt offer unlimited rides on _Athe Explorer BusesBthe harbour cruisesCregular Sydney BusesDCity Rail services 事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話“.City Rail services(limited area)”可知可知，這個旅這個旅行游覽項目是不提供無限制乘坐的。行游覽項目是不提供無限制乘坐的。解析：解析：答案：答案：D2With a Sydney Pass，a traveller can _Asave fares from and to the airportBtake the Sydney Explorer to beachesCenjoy the famous seafood for freeDreserve seats easily in a restaurant 事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段“.a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3.5 or 7 days，and the return trip is valid for two months from the first day your ticket is used.”可知答案為可知答案為A。解析：解析：答案：答案：A3If 5day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children，aged 3，6 and 10，what would the lowest cost be?A$225. B$330.C$360. D$420. 數(shù)據(jù)計算題。計算票價花費數(shù)據(jù)計算題。計算票價花費，成年人每人成年人每人$120，兩個成年人為兩個成年人為$240，3歲的孩子免費歲的孩子免費，所以所以兩個孩子費用是兩個孩子費用是$120，總共花費是總共花費是$360。 解析：解析：答案：答案：C (四四)Its everywhere.Indoors，advertising is in magazines and newspapers，on television，and even popping up on computer screens outdoors，advertising means billboards.They are in train stations and on the sides of buildings.They are along highways in the countryside. Billboards were once large painted signs that urged customers to buy anything from fried chicken to dish soap.Nowadays billboards are hightech devices that advertise the products of the modern world，from cellular phone service to perfume. Billboards have changed along with technology.Originally painted directly onto wooden boards or the sides of buildings，billboards were first improved by attaching large printed vinyl strips to a structure to form an advertisers message.Later，mechanical billboards were developed which could display three different images.As one image changed to the next，the movement caught the eye of anyone passing by.More recently，electronic technology has produced backlit billboards which shine a light through an image printed on a sheet of plastic，and digital billboards that can display huge images similar to those on a television screen. The latest trend in billboards is interactivity.In Belgium，a billboard that looked like a pinball machine had people on the street using text messaging to answer a question the billboard sent to their cell phones. If they answered correctly，they had a chance to win a new car.In Japan，some billboards feature QR (Quick Response ) codes，a newer version of bar codes，which can be read by specially programmed camera cell phones.When a person takes a picture of a billboard with a QR code，the advertiserswebsite appears on their phone.A billboard in New Yorks Times Square lets people on the street play a video game using their cell phones，and a huge digital sign in Londons Piccadilly Circus responds when someone waves at it and displays different images depending on the weather. Billboards do not always get a positive reaction，however.The large number of billboards along American highways led to the Highway Beautification Act of 1965.This group of laws aimed to preserve the scenic beauty of the countryside as well as the safety of people driving in cars by limiting the number and location of billboards.In Athens，Greece，city officials ordered the removal of hundreds of downtown billboards before the 2004 Olympic Games in an effort to restore the citys historical beauty.Billboards may be a favourite of advertisers，but not everyone wants to look at them. 1Where will you probably not see a billboard ?AOn a building.BIn the countryside.CIn a magazine.DIn a train station. 事實細節(jié)題。第一段事實細節(jié)題。第一段“They are in train stations and on the sides of buildings.They are along highways in the countryside.”可知選可知選C。解析：解析：答案：答案：C 2Which type of billboard is the oldest ?AA digital billboard.BA painted billboard.CA mechanical billboard.DA printed billboard. 事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段“Originally painted directly on to wooden boards.”可知選可知選B。解析：解析：答案：答案：B 3Which billboard could people without a cell phone interact with ?AThe one in Belgium.BThe one in Japan.CThe one in New York.DThe one in London. 事實細節(jié)題。第三段倒數(shù)第一句講到在倫事實細節(jié)題。第三段倒數(shù)第一句講到在倫敦的敦的Piccadilly Circus的一個巨大的數(shù)字符號依靠天的一個巨大的數(shù)字符號依靠天氣產生相互作用。氣產生相互作用。解析：解析：答案：答案：D 4Why were billboards in Athens removed before the 2004 Olympic Games ?AThe billboards were too old.BThe billboards could not be removed during the games.CThe advertisers did not want to support the games.DThe government wanted downtown Athens to look better. 事實細節(jié)題。最后一段倒數(shù)第二句事實細節(jié)題。最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“restore the citys historical beauty”說明是政府希望雅典市中說明是政府希望雅典市中心看起來更好。心看起來更好。解析：解析：答案：答案：D