通常使用現(xiàn)在完成時的幾種情況：通常使用現(xiàn)在完成時的幾種情況： 1 表示發(fā)生在過去對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作。表示發(fā)生在過去對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作。 I have read the book. 2 表示過去發(fā)生一次或多次的動作。表示過去發(fā)生一次或多次的動作。 We have all played football. 3 表示過去開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，只能用于某些帶表示過去開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，只能用于某些帶有延續(xù)意義的動詞，常與有延續(xù)意義的動詞，常與for, since, so far 等連用。等連用。 He has taught here since ten years ago.COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH THE PROPER TENSE. 1 We _ (study) English for about five years. 2 They _ (live) in the south since their daughter was born. 3 I _ (read) your article three times. Its well written. 4 The student _ (finish) her homework already. 5 Eric _ (go) back to his hometown today. 6 The police _ (just finish) searching the area.have studiedhave livedhave readhas finishedhas gonehave just finished現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別： 一般過去時表示發(fā)生在過去的動作，和現(xiàn)在無關；現(xiàn)在完成時則強調某一發(fā)生在過去的動作與現(xiàn)在的關系，如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結果或影響等。 He _ (work) in the city for ten years.workedhas worked完成下列句子：完成下列句子：I _(see) this film yesterday. （強調看的動作發(fā)（強調看的動作發(fā)生過了）生過了）I _ (see) this film. （強調對現(xiàn)在的影響，（強調對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內容已經(jīng)知道了）電影的內容已經(jīng)知道了）He _ (be) in the League for three years. （在團內的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）（在團內的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）He _ (join) the League three years ago. （強（強調加入的動作發(fā)生在過去）調加入的動作發(fā)生在過去）sawhave seenhas been joined一般過去時還是現(xiàn)在完成時？ 1 They _ (move) to the south in 1990 and _ (live) there since then. 2 Eric _ (leave) home last year and _ (just come) back. 3 Justin _ (be) away from home for several days. He _(disappear) last Friday. 4 They _(buy) this house three years ago and they _ (live) here since then. 5 My brother _ (go) to see my grandpa last week. He _ (visit) him three times this month.movedhave livedlefthas just comehas beendisappearedboughthave livedwenthas visited現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時常用的時間狀語：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時常用的時間狀語： 一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語：一般過去時的時間狀語： yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, in the past等，皆為具體的等，皆為具體的時間狀語。時間狀語。 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語：現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語： for, since, already, yet, so far, up to now, ever, never, recently, lately, just, in the past years,等，皆不確定的時間狀語。等，皆不確定的時間狀語。延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性動詞：延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性動詞： 判斷正誤：判斷正誤： 延續(xù)性動詞常與延續(xù)性動詞常與for, how long, since 等引導的等引導的表示一段時間的狀語或狀語從句連用。一些非延表示一段時間的狀語或狀語從句連用。一些非延續(xù)性動詞如續(xù)性動詞如come, go, leave, die, join, marry 等如用于現(xiàn)在完成時，一般不可以與表示一段時等如用于現(xiàn)在完成時，一般不可以與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，此時應改為意義相近的延續(xù)間的時間狀語連用，此時應改為意義相近的延續(xù)性動詞來表達。性動詞來表達。 1 He has died for 3 years. 2 He has been dead for 3 years. 3 He died 3 years ago. 4 It has been 3 years since he died.TFFF注意：注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的以持續(xù)的。判斷正誤：判斷正誤：（）（）I have received his letter for a month.（）（）I received this letter a month ago.（）I havent received his letter for almost a month.錯錯對對對對比較比較since和和for：Since 用來說明動作起始時間，用來說明動作起始時間，for用用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。例如來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。例如：I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. 注意：并非有注意：并非有for 時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。 比較比較：I _ (work) here for more than twenty years. （我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。）。） I _ (work) here for many years.（現(xiàn)（現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作在我仍在這里工作。）。）注意：用句型轉換的方法，很容易排除非延續(xù)動注意：用句型轉換的方法，很容易排除非延續(xù)動詞在有詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用結構的完成時中的誤用。1）（）（ ） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2）（）（ ） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 第二句應改為第二句應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或或 Harry has been married for six years.workedhave worked 對對錯錯用于現(xiàn)在完成時的用于現(xiàn)在完成時的特殊句型特殊句型 1）It is the first / second time. that結構中的從句部結構中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如例如： It is the first time that I _ (visit) the city. This is the first time （that） I _ (hear ) him sing.注意：注意：It was the third time that the boy _ (be) late. 2）This is +形容詞最高級形容詞最高級+that結構，結構，that 從句要用現(xiàn)從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。在完成時。例如例如： This is the best film that I _ ever _ (see). 典型例題典型例題（1） -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming （2） -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come have visitedhave heard had been haveseenBD現(xiàn)在完成時在時間或條件狀語從句中的用法：現(xiàn)在完成時在時間或條件狀語從句中的用法： 完成下列句子：完成下列句子： 現(xiàn)在完成時在時間或條件狀語從句中可以表示將來。 1. Ill give you the book as soon as I _ (finish) it. 2. If you _ ( see) the film, you will like the director. have finished have seenREAD THE DIARY ENTRY ON PAGE 8 AND COMPLETE IT USING THE CORRECT FORMS OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS. (2) saw (3) has visited (4) loves (5) hasnt visited (6) has swum (7) has never met (8) has dived (9) has found (10) hasnt found (11) Has, been 現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時(Present perfect continuous tense):（朗讀以下兩個句子，說說現(xiàn)在完成時的兩種用法）（朗讀以下兩個句子，說說現(xiàn)在完成時的兩種用法） 現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示某一動作在過去開始發(fā)生，已經(jīng)現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示某一動作在過去開始發(fā)生，已經(jīng)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還將持續(xù)；或剛剛停止，但與現(xiàn)在持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還將持續(xù)；或剛剛停止，但與現(xiàn)在有關。有關。1. I have been learning English for three years.2. He is very tired, because he has been cleaning the room.GO OVER THE NEWS STORY ON PAGE 2 AND FIND THE SENTENCES USING THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE. PLEASE EXPLAIN WHY THE TENSE IS USED IN THESE SENTENCES.1I havent been sleeping well since I returned home.2 So weve been looking at other possibilities too, such as murder.1 Go over Points 1 and 2 on page 9.2 現(xiàn)在完成時的構成：現(xiàn)在完成時的構成： have/ has been + doing FINISH THE EXERCISE ON PAGE 9: Answers: (2) have been talking (3) have been taking (4) have been watching (5) have seen (6) have been writing 現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別： 比較以下句子：比較以下句子： 一一 現(xiàn)在完成時表示事件或動作剛結束，而現(xiàn)在完成進行現(xiàn)在完成時表示事件或動作剛結束，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則強調動作仍在繼續(xù)。時則強調動作仍在繼續(xù)。 1 I have read the latest book by Mr Brown. 2 I have been reading the latest book by Mr Brown. 二二 現(xiàn)在完成時可以用表示狀態(tài)的動詞或表示動作的動詞現(xiàn)在完成時可以用表示狀態(tài)的動詞或表示動作的動詞做謂語，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則只能用表示動作的動詞做謂做謂語，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則只能用表示動作的動詞做謂語。語。 3 I have had his book for two months. 4 I have been reading this book for two weeks.動作動詞與狀態(tài)動詞 An action means something happening or changing. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are like, know and exist.完成下列句子： 狀態(tài)動詞狀態(tài)動詞只用于完成時態(tài)；而動作動詞動作動詞可用于完成時態(tài)與完成進行時態(tài)。 1 I _ (have ) this camera for five years. 2 I _ ( take ) photos of UFOs with this camera.have had have takenhave been taking twice等表示次數(shù)的詞只與完成時連用；而等表示次數(shù)的詞只與完成時連用；而 for 則可以與則可以與完成進行時連用。完成進行時連用。 1 I_ (visit) Egypt twice this month. 2 I_ (tour) Egypt for two months. have visitedhave been touringHOW MANY TIMES / HOW LONG How many times只與完成時連用；而只與完成時連用；而 How long則可以與完成進行時連用。則可以與完成進行時連用。 1 _ have you swum in the lake? 2 _ have you been swimming in the lake?How many timesHow long 完成下列句子完成下列句子： always, never, yet, already and ever 不能用于完成不能用于完成進行時態(tài)中。進行時態(tài)中。 1 I _ (never visit ) Paris. 2 I _ (already be) to Paris.have never visitedhave already been 完成下列句子：完成下列句子： An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous. Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, rain, etc. 1 How long _ you _ (learn )English? 2 It _ (snow) for a long time.havelearntbeen learninghas snowedhas been snowing再比較下面的句子：再比較下面的句子：PART A ON PAGE 11: Answers on page 11 A (1)heard (2) been doing (3) been researching (4) been doing (5) started (6) done (7) read (8) found (9) started (10) been doing (11) been making PART B ON PAGE 11: Sample answers 1 He has been waiting at an underground station. 2 They have been traveling in an UFO. It looks like a saucer. 3 They probably have talked to animals or plants on the earth as well as creatures on other plants. 4 They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets. 1. _ that dress when I first saw you at the station? A. Were you wearing B. Have you worn C. Did you wear D. do you wear2. Kate doesnt look very well. Whats wrong with her? She has a headache because she _ too long; she ought to stop work. A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. was reading3. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We _ our essays .” A. write B. have been writing C. are writing D. have written4. My uncle, Sam,_ manager of the firm. A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just been made D. is just made5. This is the first time the students _ to Hyde Park. A. have gone B. have been gone C. have been going D. are being gone6. She _ her mothers work since she was admitted into hospital. A. is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done7. Now that you _ , what are you going to do? A. are being returned B. have been returning C. have been returned D. have returned8. I _ the incident as if it were yesterday. A. am still to remember B. have still been remembering C. am being still remembered D. still remember9. Where_ the map? I cant see anywhere. I _ it right here just now. A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; have put10. John told Mary that he _ what he was doing during the vacation. A. was just asked B. was just asking C. had just been asked D. had just asked11. I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I _ there ever since. A. was B. had been C. will be D. have been12. We _ fine weather for the past few days. A. have B. are having C. have been had D. have been having13. It _ every day so far this month. A. is raining B. rains C. has rained D. has been rained14. By the end of last year they _ 1,000 machines. A. turned out B. had turned out C. would turn out D. had been turned out15. Dont put the waste on the ground. Oh, Im very sorry. I _ the dustbin there. A. dont see B. isnt seeing C. didnt see D. havent seen16. Good heavens! There you are! We _ anxious about you. We _ you back much earlier all through the night. A. are; expect B. were; had expected C. will be; are expecting D. have been; were expecting 17. Although medical science _ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. (2006 江蘇） A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieved 18. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday. A. have been missing B have got lost C. be missing D. get lost 19. Customers are asked to make sure that they _ the right change before leaving the shop.(2006 重慶） A. will have B. have been given C. have given D. will be given 20 A: _ leave at the end of this month. B: I dont think you should do that until _ another job. A. Im going to; youd found B. Im going to; youve found C. Ill; youll found D. Ill; youd found