第三篇第三篇寫(xiě)作寫(xiě)作第三章讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)第三章讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)第一節(jié)讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)的摘要寫(xiě)作第一節(jié)讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)的摘要寫(xiě)作專(zhuān)題一記敘文的摘要寫(xiě)作專(zhuān)題一記敘文的摘要寫(xiě)作對(duì)記敘文進(jìn)行概括時(shí)，要抓住原文的人對(duì)記敘文進(jìn)行概括時(shí)，要抓住原文的人物、事件、結(jié)果三大要素。有些記敘文的結(jié)物、事件、結(jié)果三大要素。有些記敘文的結(jié)尾有一個(gè)點(diǎn)題句，表達(dá)深刻內(nèi)涵或故事帶給尾有一個(gè)點(diǎn)題句，表達(dá)深刻內(nèi)涵或故事帶給人們的啟示，在寫(xiě)摘要時(shí)需要把故事寓意表人們的啟示，在寫(xiě)摘要時(shí)需要把故事寓意表達(dá)出來(lái)。達(dá)出來(lái)。閱讀下面的短文，閱讀下面的短文， 然后以約然后以約30詞概括這篇短詞概括這篇短文的主要內(nèi)容。文的主要內(nèi)容。One beautiful spring day, a red rose came out in a forest.As it looked around, a pine tree nearby said, “What a beautiful flower! I wish I was that lovely.” Another tree said, “Dont be sad, we cant have everything.”一、觀摩領(lǐng)悟一、觀摩領(lǐng)悟The red rose looked at a cactus (仙人掌仙人掌)and said, “What an ugly plant full of thorns (刺刺)！” The pine tree said, “Red rose, what kind of talk is this? Who can say what beauty is? You have thorns，too.”The proud red rose looked angrily at the pine and said, “You dont know what beauty is.You cant compare me to a cactus.”Spring passed, and the weather became very warm.Life became difficult as no rain fell.The red rose was dying.One day the red rose saw birds suck water from the cactus.“Doesnt it hurt when they bite into the cactus？” asked the red rose. “ “Yes, but the cactus does not like to see any birds suffer，” replied the pine.“The birds can bring water to you if you ask the cactus for help.”But the red rose felt too ashamed of its past words to ask.【結(jié)構(gòu)分析與解讀結(jié)構(gòu)分析與解讀】閱讀材料屬于記敘文閱讀材料屬于記敘文(故事性文章故事性文章)，寫(xiě)好摘要寫(xiě)好摘要要從記敘文的幾個(gè)要素入手要從記敘文的幾個(gè)要素入手，首先要找出文章的主首先要找出文章的主人公人公(rose和和cactus)，然后找出主人公做過(guò)的核心事然后找出主人公做過(guò)的核心事情情(cactus貢獻(xiàn)自己貢獻(xiàn)自己)，最后點(diǎn)明故事的啟示即故事的最后點(diǎn)明故事的啟示即故事的作者想要說(shuō)明的道理作者想要說(shuō)明的道理(beauty was not the only thing)。 參考范文參考范文A proud rose thought it was superior to other plants because of its beauty.But it later learnt that beauty was not the only thing when it saw the cactus helping thirsty birds.1由于記敘文的要點(diǎn)并非十分集中，其摘要寫(xiě)由于記敘文的要點(diǎn)并非十分集中，其摘要寫(xiě)作可運(yùn)用以下三種方法。作可運(yùn)用以下三種方法。(1)串聯(lián)要素法。從記敘文的六要素入手，即找串聯(lián)要素法。從記敘文的六要素入手，即找出原文中的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、起因、經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果出原文中的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、起因、經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果(when, where, who, what，why and how)，然后用自，然后用自己的話將這六個(gè)要素串成一兩句話即可己的話將這六個(gè)要素串成一兩句話即可。(2)轉(zhuǎn)述法。找出文中或段中的主題句和結(jié)論句，轉(zhuǎn)述法。找出文中或段中的主題句和結(jié)論句，然后用自己的話來(lái)表達(dá)。然后用自己的話來(lái)表達(dá)。二、寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)二、寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo) (3)移花接木法。在閱讀材料中找一些可以利用移花接木法。在閱讀材料中找一些可以利用的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)等，再用自己的話來(lái)進(jìn)行闡釋?zhuān)靡猿涞恼擖c(diǎn)、論據(jù)等，再用自己的話來(lái)進(jìn)行闡釋?zhuān)靡猿鋵?shí)文章內(nèi)容，達(dá)到移花接木的效果，但切勿抄襲原文。實(shí)文章內(nèi)容，達(dá)到移花接木的效果，但切勿抄襲原文。2注意事項(xiàng)。注意事項(xiàng)。由于字?jǐn)?shù)有限制，所以在寫(xiě)摘要時(shí)還應(yīng)采取一由于字?jǐn)?shù)有限制，所以在寫(xiě)摘要時(shí)還應(yīng)采取一些必要的手段來(lái)進(jìn)行削些必要的手段來(lái)進(jìn)行削“枝枝”去去“葉葉”，減少字?jǐn)?shù)。，減少字?jǐn)?shù)。因此我們建議在寫(xiě)的時(shí)候盡量省略細(xì)節(jié)、例子和重復(fù)因此我們建議在寫(xiě)的時(shí)候盡量省略細(xì)節(jié)、例子和重復(fù)的內(nèi)容，使用概括性語(yǔ)言和短而精的連詞，如的內(nèi)容，使用概括性語(yǔ)言和短而精的連詞，如but, and, besides等來(lái)進(jìn)行概括等來(lái)進(jìn)行概括。 3必備詞句。必備詞句。記敘文摘要的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)記敘文摘要的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)(第一段開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)第一段開(kāi)頭語(yǔ))：From the passage, we know that.According to the passage, we know that.The story/passage is about.The writer/author tells us about.The story mainly tells us that. 4寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)。寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)。記敘文摘要的寫(xiě)作可參照以下兩個(gè)模板。記敘文摘要的寫(xiě)作可參照以下兩個(gè)模板。(1)沒(méi)有寓意只有單純介紹事件的記敘文摘要要沒(méi)有寓意只有單純介紹事件的記敘文摘要要素：素：人物人物事件事件結(jié)果結(jié)果(2)篇末有表示文章內(nèi)涵的記敘文摘要要素：篇末有表示文章內(nèi)涵的記敘文摘要要素：人物人物事件事件結(jié)果結(jié)果啟示啟示閱讀下面的短文閱讀下面的短文， 然后以約然后以約30詞概括這篇短文詞概括這篇短文的主要內(nèi)容。的主要內(nèi)容。(A)There was a Nebraska farmer who grew awardwinning corn.Each year he entered the districts farming competition where his corn always came out on top and won the blue ribbon.u即學(xué)即即學(xué)即練練One year a newspaper reporter interviewed him and learned something interesting about how he grew it.To his great surprise, the reporter discovered that each year the farmer shared his corn seed with his neighbors. “ “Why do you share your best seed with your neighbors when they are competing against you？” the reporter asked.The farmers reply made everything clear. “ “Why sir，” said the farmer, “didnt you know? The wind will blow corn pollen (花粉花粉)from field to field.If my neighbors grow poor corn, it will affect the quality of my corn.If I am to grow good corn，I must help my neighbors grow good corn.”His corn cannot improve unless his neighbors corn also improves.And so it is in life.If we cooperate and help each other out, life can get better for everyone, and the benefits can be shared by all.But if we think only of ourselves, our selfishness will not only hurt others but it may come back to hurt us._參考范文參考范文1In the passage the writer uses the story of the awardwinning farmer who shares his best corn seed with his neighbors to teach us that we all can benefit when we cooperate and share with each other.參考范文參考范文2The writer teaches us that we all benefit more when we cooperate and share with each other by telling the story of the awardwinning farmer who shares his corn seeds with his neighbors.(B)I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago.It was really a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around.People were amazed by the endless view in front of our eyes.Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered to go waterskiing alone.I put on the life jacket, got on the motorboat immediately and started my engine as soon as possible. The lake seemed broad and endless.I was so thrilled(激動(dòng)激動(dòng))to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I spent my motorboat.Then, after some time, I found myself in the middle of the endless lake.A sudden fear came around me.I didnt know where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore.What was worse, it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy.I rode everywhere but couldnt find my way back，it was useless for me to cry or shout for help.I was so terrified that I began to think about all kinds of horrible things.After floating on the water helplessly and hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard someone calling my name.Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me if I was hurt.I couldnt say a word but cried out in my fathers arms._參考范文參考范文The writer went waterskiing alone when she was on a trip to a lake in Indonesia.She was excited first but later got lost on the lake.Fortunately her father finally came to rescue her.