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1、第二部分 語(yǔ)法專題突破專題十二 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)精講分析湖南各地市近3年中考真題可知， 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)只在單項(xiàng)填空中考查， 完形填空中尚未涉及。命題點(diǎn)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為主， 也會(huì)較少考查含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?？忌谧龃祟愒囶}時(shí)， 應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)：1. 首先應(yīng)讀懂句意， 確定主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)， 明確謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是否由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出。如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出， 則是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果不是由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出， 則是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)， 由此可排除主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的選項(xiàng)。2. 分析被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)， 動(dòng)作的承受者(動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，多是名詞)在空前、實(shí)施者在空后(有時(shí)可省略)判

2、斷出用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查一般會(huì)和時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合?？忌筛鶕?jù)關(guān)鍵詞(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))來(lái)判斷時(shí)態(tài)。對(duì)于沒(méi)有關(guān)鍵詞的題目， 則要根據(jù)前后句已經(jīng)給出的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷。 【典例剖析】(2016岳陽(yáng)32題) Many Hope Primary Schools _ last year. A. is built B. was built C. were built點(diǎn)撥：第步：分析語(yǔ)境：去年許多希望小學(xué)。第步：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 找句子主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)。本題中, 主語(yǔ)為Hope Primary Schools, 謂語(yǔ)為build。第步：分析主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知, “希望小學(xué)”與“建造”之間為

3、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。第步：根據(jù)題干中的標(biāo)志詞或語(yǔ)境判斷用何種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。本題中, 根據(jù)last year可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。第步：主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用were built。從而判定正確答案為C。常見(jiàn)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)例句例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(2016年年3次，次，2015年年5次，次，2014年年2次次)be(am/is/are)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞去分詞The flowers are watered every day. 這這些花每天都被些花每天都被澆水。澆水。一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(2016年年7次，次，2

4、015湘西湘西34題，題，2014年年2次次)be(was/were)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞The flying disk was invented by college students. 這種飛碟是大學(xué)這種飛碟是大學(xué)生們發(fā)明的。生們發(fā)明的。一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(2014年年3次次)will/shallbe動(dòng)詞的過(guò)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞去分詞The bridge will be finished in a month. 這座這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€(gè)橋?qū)⒃谝粋€(gè)月后竣工。月后竣工?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(2014益陽(yáng)益陽(yáng)29題題)be(am/is/are)being動(dòng)動(dòng)

5、詞的過(guò)去分詞的過(guò)去分詞詞The proposal is being considered now. 這個(gè)提這個(gè)提案現(xiàn)在正在案現(xiàn)在正在被考慮。被考慮。含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(2016懷化懷化28題，題，2015年年3次，次，2014年年2次次)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Tables could be made of stones at that time. 那時(shí)候那時(shí)候，桌子可以由石頭桌子可以由石頭制成。制成。 如何判斷是否使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 不知道或沒(méi)指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)。如： Many trees should be planted every yea

6、r. 每 年都應(yīng)該種很多樹(shù)。2. 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。如： The computers are used by more and more people in the world. 世界上越來(lái)越多的人使用 電腦。 3. 句子的主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)。如： Many houses were washed away by the flood. 許多房屋被洪水沖走了。 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如何轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.要將主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)， 若主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，要將賓格變成主格。2. 把主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)，主 格代詞變成賓格代詞，并由by引導(dǎo)。3. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式。如：

7、We asked him to sing an English song.(主動(dòng) 句)He was asked to sing an English song by us. (被動(dòng)句)我們讓他唱首英文歌。 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的情況1.某些動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞，如：read, write, wash, draw, cut, open, sell等，常與副詞well, easily, smoothly等連用，且通常用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)意義。如： The pen writes well. 這支鋼筆很好寫(xiě)。 2. 動(dòng)詞need, require, want, deserve等后接 ving的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示

8、被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于sth. need(s) /require(s) /want(s) /deserve(s) to be done。如： The car needs cleaning.The car needs to be cleaned. 這輛汽車(chē)需要清洗了。3. 某些系動(dòng)詞如feel, prove, smell, taste, sound等 加形容詞，也可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 如：The food tastes delicious. 這種食物嘗起 來(lái)很美味。4. be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，表示被動(dòng) 含義。如： The book is worth reading

9、. 這本書(shū)值得一讀。 現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用1. How clean your car is! Thank you. It _ very often. A. is washed B. washes C. was washed2. Can I take these magazines? No, they _ out of the reading room. A. will takeB. should be taken C. mustnt be takenAC3. Every day, too much food _ in our school. We must take actions to stop it.

10、 A. was wasted B. is wasted C. are wastedB4. Whos the little girl in the photo? Its me. The photo _ 10 years ago. A. tookB. was takenC. is taken5. We _ to start at once, or we will miss the train. A. tell B. have told C. are toldBC6. What a beautiful garden you have！Your father must be a good garden

11、er. Thanks. Some flowers _ by him in the garden yesterday. A. will be planted B. planted C. were plantedC7. The telephone _ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A. is invented B. was invented C. were invented8. You _ another day to make your own decision. A. gave B. are giving C. will be givenBC9. Tell

12、 me one thing that youre proud of in your junior high school, Tony. I _ as captain of the school football team. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen C10. Tourists bad behavior _ by the government in our country from now on. A. will record B. will be recorded C. is recordedB11. Lily, will you go to Jennys birthday party this Saturday? Im not sure, because I _ so far. A. havent invited B. wasnt invited C. havent been invitedC12. Teenagers should _ to take care of themselves from a young age. A. educate B. have educated C. be educatedC