第二部分 語法專題突破專題十二 動詞的語態(tài)考點精講分析湖南各地市近3年中考真題可知， 被動語態(tài)只在單項填空中考查， 完形填空中尚未涉及。命題點以一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)和一般過去時的被動語態(tài)為主， 也會較少考查含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)、一般將來時的被動語態(tài)和現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)?？忌谧龃祟愒囶}時， 應(yīng)注意以下三點：1. 首先應(yīng)讀懂句意， 確定主語和謂語， 明確謂語動詞的動作是否由主語發(fā)出。如果謂語動詞的動作由主語發(fā)出， 則是主動語態(tài)；如果不是由主語發(fā)出， 則是被動語態(tài)， 由此可排除主動語態(tài)的選項。2. 分析被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)， 動作的承受者(動作的對象，多是名詞)在空前、實施者在空后(有時可省略)判斷出用被動語態(tài)。3. 被動語態(tài)的考查一般會和時態(tài)相結(jié)合。考生可根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞(時間狀語)來判斷時態(tài)。對于沒有關(guān)鍵詞的題目， 則要根據(jù)前后句已經(jīng)給出的時態(tài)、語境并結(jié)合常識進行判斷。 【典例剖析】(2016岳陽32題) Many Hope Primary Schools _ last year. A. is built B. was built C. were built點撥：第步：分析語境：去年許多希望小學(xué)。第步：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 找句子主語、謂語。本題中, 主語為Hope Primary Schools, 謂語為build。第步：分析主語和謂語的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)常識可知, “希望小學(xué)”與“建造”之間為動賓關(guān)系, 應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。第步：根據(jù)題干中的標(biāo)志詞或語境判斷用何種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。本題中, 根據(jù)last year可知用一般過去時。第步：主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式, 謂語動詞用were built。從而判定正確答案為C。常見的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 語態(tài)語態(tài)被動結(jié)構(gòu)被動結(jié)構(gòu)例句例句一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)的被動語態(tài)(2016年年3次，次，2015年年5次，次，2014年年2次次)be(am/is/are)動詞的過動詞的過去分詞去分詞The flowers are watered every day. 這這些花每天都被些花每天都被澆水。澆水。一般過去時一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的被動語態(tài)(2016年年7次，次，2015湘西湘西34題，題，2014年年2次次)be(was/were)動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞The flying disk was invented by college students. 這種飛碟是大學(xué)這種飛碟是大學(xué)生們發(fā)明的。生們發(fā)明的。一般將來時一般將來時的被動語態(tài)的被動語態(tài)(2014年年3次次)will/shallbe動詞的過動詞的過去分詞去分詞The bridge will be finished in a month. 這座這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€橋?qū)⒃谝粋€月后竣工。月后竣工。現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)的被動語態(tài)(2014益陽益陽29題題)be(am/is/are)being動動詞的過去分詞的過去分詞詞The proposal is being considered now. 這個提這個提案現(xiàn)在正在案現(xiàn)在正在被考慮。被考慮。含情態(tài)動詞含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的被動語態(tài)(2016懷化懷化28題，題，2015年年3次，次，2014年年2次次)情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞be動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞Tables could be made of stones at that time. 那時候那時候，桌子可以由石頭桌子可以由石頭制成。制成。 如何判斷是否使用被動語態(tài)1. 不知道或沒指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時。如： Many trees should be planted every year. 每 年都應(yīng)該種很多樹。2. 需要強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時。如： The computers are used by more and more people in the world. 世界上越來越多的人使用 電腦。 3. 句子的主語是物時。如： Many houses were washed away by the flood. 許多房屋被洪水沖走了。 主動語態(tài)如何轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)1.要將主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z， 若主動句中的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓格變成主格。2. 把主動句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械馁e語，主 格代詞變成賓格代詞，并由by引導(dǎo)。3. 謂語動詞變成相應(yīng)的被動形式。如： We asked him to sing an English song.(主動 句)He was asked to sing an English song by us. (被動句)我們讓他唱首英文歌。 主動形式表示被動意義的情況1.某些動詞用作不及物動詞，如：read, write, wash, draw, cut, open, sell等，常與副詞well, easily, smoothly等連用，且通常用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動意義。如： The pen writes well. 這支鋼筆很好寫。 2. 動詞need, require, want, deserve等后接 ving的主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動意義，相當(dāng)于sth. need(s) /require(s) /want(s) /deserve(s) to be done。如： The car needs cleaning.The car needs to be cleaned. 這輛汽車需要清洗了。3. 某些系動詞如feel, prove, smell, taste, sound等 加形容詞，也可用主動形式表示被動意義。 如：The food tastes delicious. 這種食物嘗起 來很美味。4. be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，表示被動 含義。如： The book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。 現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用1. How clean your car is! Thank you. It _ very often. A. is washed B. washes C. was washed2. Can I take these magazines? No, they _ out of the reading room. A. will takeB. should be taken C. mustnt be takenAC3. Every day, too much food _ in our school. We must take actions to stop it. A. was wasted B. is wasted C. are wastedB4. Whos the little girl in the photo? Its me. The photo _ 10 years ago. A. tookB. was takenC. is taken5. We _ to start at once, or we will miss the train. A. tell B. have told C. are toldBC6. What a beautiful garden you have！Your father must be a good gardener. Thanks. Some flowers _ by him in the garden yesterday. A. will be planted B. planted C. were plantedC7. The telephone _ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A. is invented B. was invented C. were invented8. You _ another day to make your own decision. A. gave B. are giving C. will be givenBC9. Tell me one thing that youre proud of in your junior high school, Tony. I _ as captain of the school football team. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen C10. Tourists bad behavior _ by the government in our country from now on. A. will record B. will be recorded C. is recordedB11. Lily, will you go to Jennys birthday party this Saturday? Im not sure, because I _ so far. A. havent invited B. wasnt invited C. havent been invitedC12. Teenagers should _ to take care of themselves from a young age. A. educate B. have educated C. be educatedC