一、見見新題型一、見見新題型2014年英語高考，我們迎來了新的改革，以語法詞匯填空題替代了使用幾十年之久的單項(xiàng)填空題。此種題型對(duì)廣大考生綜合運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)的能力有了進(jìn)一步的提高，下面我們與廣大考生一起微笑著面對(duì)新題型。一、題型特點(diǎn)在一篇200詞左右的語篇(短文或?qū)υ?中留出10處空白，部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫空格處所需的內(nèi)容或所提供單詞的正確形式，所填寫詞語不得多于3個(gè)單詞。考生須靈活運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)，如單詞詞性、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、連接詞、代詞、冠詞等判斷各空格處應(yīng)填寫的內(nèi)容。二、考點(diǎn)分布下面我們結(jié)合近三年廣東省高考英語試題來分析語法填空題的考點(diǎn)分布：年份題號(hào)2013年2012年2011年16時(shí)態(tài)非謂語動(dòng)詞副詞17連詞時(shí)態(tài)連詞18疑問詞詞形轉(zhuǎn)換非謂語動(dòng)詞19詞形轉(zhuǎn)換冠詞時(shí)態(tài)20關(guān)系詞連詞詞形轉(zhuǎn)換21介詞比較等級(jí)關(guān)系詞22介詞關(guān)系詞代詞23詞形轉(zhuǎn)換介詞介詞24冠詞關(guān)系詞冠詞25非謂語動(dòng)詞代詞代詞三、解題“四步曲”1理解短文。這一步是解題關(guān)鍵的一步。解題之前，我們首先應(yīng)通讀全文，理解大意，把握故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、邏輯關(guān)系。文中相當(dāng)一部分空格是通過對(duì)文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的把握來確定正確答案的。另外，謂語動(dòng)詞必須在把握動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間后才能確定其時(shí)態(tài)。在答題之前，最好對(duì)全文通讀一至兩遍，不要一拿到試題就開始作答。部分同學(xué)拿到試題后，僅僅看空格前后局部的結(jié)構(gòu)，迅速作答。這似乎加快了答題的速度，但事實(shí)上這會(huì)使你欲速則不達(dá)。2尋找依據(jù)?？忌朴诎l(fā)現(xiàn)答題的依據(jù)。答題的依據(jù)通常有：句型、搭配、邏輯關(guān)系、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、上下文等。當(dāng)然這些能力不是一兩天就能夠具備的。考生必須在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過程中，大量地吸收英語語言材料(包括書面的、口頭的、視聽的等)，培養(yǎng)語感。3確定答案。經(jīng)過第二步后，基本上就可以確定答案。但是，在確定答案的時(shí)候，還要進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的論證。其依據(jù)就是上下文的內(nèi)容、句型及搭配等。4.論證答案。最后，將答案代入短文中進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，看其在邏輯、語法結(jié)構(gòu)、搭配等方面是否正確無誤，同時(shí)注意所填內(nèi)容的拼寫、大小寫及詞性等。四、解題方法之空格形式1根據(jù)固定短語或句意解題根據(jù)固定短語或句意解題是完成語法填空題的重要方法。我們應(yīng)該先根據(jù)句意推斷出空格處的具體意思，然后再根據(jù)熟記的短語來確定要填的詞。這要求我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)的過程中注意對(duì)短語的歸納、比較和記憶。例如：so.that, neither.nor., not only.but also.，以及一些動(dòng)詞短語，介詞短語的固定搭配。2根據(jù)上下文提示解題有時(shí)能根據(jù)空格處上下文中的某些關(guān)鍵詞或詞組推斷出所要填的詞。有的直接明了，一眼就能看出；有的暗含其中，需要仔細(xì)推理判斷。例如：冠詞的使用，a(n)，the；代詞的使用；疑問詞的使用等。3根據(jù)語法分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)解題做語法填空題時(shí)，經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到一些長(zhǎng)難句，一個(gè)復(fù)合句中包含好幾個(gè)從句。這時(shí)，我們首先要抓住句子的主干，然后再分析其他部分，這樣解題的過程就被簡(jiǎn)化了。名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句等句型對(duì)引導(dǎo)詞的考查。五、解題方法之詞形變化這種考查形式主要考查實(shí)詞的詞形變化。可以根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和所填詞的語法功能，判斷用所給詞的何種詞性等。詞形變化主要涉及動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞等。1動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的變化是語法填空題的考查重點(diǎn)之一。首先應(yīng)判斷考查的是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞。謂語動(dòng)詞要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣等；非謂語動(dòng)詞要考慮用動(dòng)詞ing形式，動(dòng)詞ed形式還是用動(dòng)詞不定式形式，同時(shí)還要考慮非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)等問題。2形容詞和副詞首先應(yīng)當(dāng)確定所填詞的功能，是修飾名詞還是動(dòng)詞或形容詞。若是修飾名詞用形容詞。若是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞用副詞。形容詞或副詞還要看是否有比較等級(jí)的變化，即用原級(jí)、比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)。還有一點(diǎn)最容易忽略的是它們的詞義，即是肯定的還是否定的。3名詞當(dāng)確定所填的詞是名詞時(shí)，就要考慮該名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，若是可數(shù)名詞，用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。語法填空題雖說是“新”題型，通過以上分析，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，它就是把以前的單項(xiàng)填空在語境、語篇方面放長(zhǎng)了，用一篇文章來考大家綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語法、詞匯知識(shí)，相信廣大考生一定會(huì)取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)。二、講講新型題二、講講新型題專題專題1記敘文型語法填空記敘文型語法填空記敘文體裁主要是記人、敘事、寫景、狀物一類的文章，記敘文體裁主要是記人、敘事、寫景、狀物一類的文章，是常見的文體。在語法填空篇章中，其語言特點(diǎn)有：是常見的文體。在語法填空篇章中，其語言特點(diǎn)有：1以一般過去時(shí)為主，其他時(shí)態(tài)為輔。合理使用豐富以一般過去時(shí)為主，其他時(shí)態(tài)為輔。合理使用豐富多彩的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，使文章所敘述的動(dòng)作具有層次多彩的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，使文章所敘述的動(dòng)作具有層次感和立體感。感和立體感。2廣泛使用動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞。這些動(dòng)詞的存在會(huì)使文章充滿廣泛使用動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞。這些動(dòng)詞的存在會(huì)使文章充滿“動(dòng)感動(dòng)感”，而這種讓往事歷歷在目的，而這種讓往事歷歷在目的“動(dòng)感動(dòng)感”正是優(yōu)正是優(yōu)秀的記敘文所要追求的效果。秀的記敘文所要追求的效果。(2011廣東卷)One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment _1_ (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _2_ the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man _3_ (sit) at the front. He _4_ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be _5_ (mental) disabled.Behind him were other people to _6_ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes _7_ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him _8_ his own either.After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had _9_ amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.Im glad I made a choice. It made _10_ of us feel good.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._答案與解析本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了“我”的一次坐車經(jīng)歷：在公交車上遇到一個(gè)好像是弱智的人，其他人都躲開了，而“我”走近了他，和他聊起來，一路上“我”倆都很高興。1later考查副詞的用法。我離開得較早因?yàn)槟翘焱硇r(shí)候我有個(gè)約會(huì)。2till/until考查狀語從句的連接詞。我的朋友一直陪我直到公共汽車來。3sitting/sit考查動(dòng)詞的用法。notice sb doing/do sth.意為“注意到某人正在做某事/做了某事”。4was pretending考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由giving it a voice可知用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。5mentally考查副詞的用法。此處disabled是形容詞，用副詞修飾。6whom考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處he was trying to talk to 是定語從句，people是先行詞，whom作介詞to的賓語。7they考查代詞的用法。他們走開然后坐在我的旁邊。8on考查詞組的用法。此處考查詞組on ones own (alone)。9an考查冠詞的用法。amazing是以元音音素開頭，故用an。10both考查代詞的用法。由上文 We had.amazing conversation可知“我們倆”都很高興。Elevenyearold Angela was stricken with a disease involving her nervous system. The doctors did not hold out much hope of her ever recovering _1_ this illness.They predicted shed spend the rest of her life in a wheelchair. _2_ Angela firmly believed that she was definitely going to be walking again someday.The doctors were charmed by her _3_ (defeatable) spirit.They taught her about imagingabout seeing herself _4_ (walk)Angela would work as hard as possible in physical therapy (理療), lying there faithfully doing her imaging, visualizing herself moving, moving, moving!One day, _5_ she was straining with all her might to imagine her legs moving again, _6_ seemed as though a miracle happened: the bed moved! She screamed out, “Look what I _7_ (do)! Look! Look! I can do it! I moved, I moved！” Of course, _8_ this very moment everyone _9_ in the hospital was screaming, too.It was the San Francisco earthquake.But dont tell _10_ to Angela.Shes convinced that she did it.And now only a few years later, shes back in school.On her own two legs.No walking sticks, no wheelchair.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._文章大意靠輪椅行走的安吉拉，連醫(yī)生對(duì)她的康復(fù)都不抱希望，但她始終沒有放棄，一次地震讓她覺得是她自己的腳動(dòng)了，并對(duì)此堅(jiān)信不疑，幾年后她真的靠自己的雙腳重新走進(jìn)了學(xué)校。1解析：recover from an illness意為“從疾病中恢復(fù)過來”。答案：from2解析：與前句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。答案：But3解析：在名詞前作定語，要用形容詞；由語境可知，此處應(yīng)表示“不敗的”，故填undefeatable。句意：醫(yī)生為她永不言敗的精神所折服。答案：undefeatable4解析：see sb doing“看見某人在做某事”。答案：walking5解析：as表示“正當(dāng)時(shí)”。答案：as6解析：句式搭配：it seems as if/as though.仿佛是答案：it7解析：句意：看，我在做什么！答案：am doing8解析：at this very moment意為“此刻”。答案：at9解析：用于復(fù)合不定代詞或疑問詞后，表示“其他的”，用else。答案：else10解析：替代前文說的地震這回事。答案：that/it專題專題2說明文型語法填空說明文型語法填空說明文是對(duì)事物的特征、本質(zhì)、性能、狀態(tài)，或事物的說明文是對(duì)事物的特征、本質(zhì)、性能、狀態(tài)，或事物的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)果、用途、原理等進(jìn)行介紹、解釋、發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)果、用途、原理等進(jìn)行介紹、解釋、說明的一種文體。其語言特點(diǎn)有：說明的一種文體。其語言特點(diǎn)有：1多用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)檎f明文通常是對(duì)客觀事物或事理多用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)檎f明文通常是對(duì)客觀事物或事理的一種介紹與解釋。的一種介紹與解釋。2采用客觀描述。說明文一般是對(duì)客觀存在的說明與介紹，因此，語言的表述也應(yīng)該盡可能地給人以客觀可信的感覺。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)是答題過程中很關(guān)鍵的一步。做題時(shí)，首先確定句子的主謂賓成分，看看該句子缺不缺謂語動(dòng)詞，然后再考慮非謂語動(dòng)詞或者其他成分。此時(shí)，要借助上下文的暗示或明示，確定需要填入詞語的詞性、形式和功能等。The air we breathe is freely available, without which we could not survive more than a few minutes.For the most part, air is available to everyone, and everyone _1_ (need) it.Some people use the air to sustain them while _2_ (seat) around and feel sorry for themselves._3_ breathe in the air and use the energy it provides to make _4_ magnificent life.Opportunity is _5_ the same way; it is everywhere.It is _6_ freely available that we take it for granted.Yet opportunity alone is not enough to create success, it must _7_ (seize) and acted upon in order to have value.So many people are so anxious to “get in” on a “ground floor opportunity”， as if the opportunity will do all the work thats _8_ (possible)Just as you need air to breathe, you need opportunity to succeed.It takes more than just breathing in the fresh air of opportunity, _9_.You must make use of it.Thats not up to the opportunity, thats up to you.It doesnt matter what “floor” the opportunity is on, but _10_ matters is what you do with it.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._答案與解析活著，我們需要呼吸空氣。同樣，生存，我們需要抓住機(jī)會(huì)。1needs考查主謂一致，由全文時(shí)態(tài)可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)， everyone后用第三人稱單數(shù)。2seated過去分詞作伴隨狀語， 相當(dāng)于“while they are seated”。3Others句型：some.others.4a表示“一種奇妙的生活”，是泛指，故用不定冠詞a。5inin the way是固定搭配。6so句型：so.that.7be seized依據(jù)上下文的理解， 可知句意表示“有機(jī)遇必須抓住， 你才能成功”。8impossible依據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法， 此處應(yīng)為“不可能的”， 故用“impossible”。9however/though插入語， 意為“然而”。10what引導(dǎo)主語從句且在句中作主語，故用what。(一)Two seeds lay side by side in the fertile spring soil.The first seed said, “I want to grow! I want to send my roots deep into the soil _1_ me, and thrust my sprouts (芽) _2_ the earths crust above me.I want to open my tender buds (蓓蕾) like banners to announce the _3_ (arrive) of spring.I want to feel the warmth of the sun on my face and the blessing of the morning dew (露水) on my petals (花瓣)！”And so she grew.The second seed said, “I am afraid.If I send my roots into the ground below, I dont know what I _4_ (come) across in the dark.If I push my way through the hard soil above me, I may damage my delicate sprouts. What if I let my buds open and a snail (蝸牛) tries _5_ (eat) them? And _6_ I were to open my blossoms, _7_ small child may pull me from the ground.No, it is much _8_ (good) for me to wait _9_ it is safe.”And so she waited. A yard hen scratching around in the early spring ground for food found the waiting seed and immediately ate _10_.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._文章大意兩顆種子的故事，告訴我們懼怕冒險(xiǎn)和成長(zhǎng)，最終要被生活吞沒。1解析：介詞，意為“在之下”與下文的above相對(duì)。答案：beneath2解析：介詞，意為“穿過”。答案：through3解析：在冠詞后用名詞。答案：arrival4解析：對(duì)未來的預(yù)測(cè)，句意為：我不知道在黑暗之中將會(huì)遇到什么。答案：will come5解析：因try表示“試圖做某事”，后接不定式。答案：to eat6解析：if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句。答案：if7解析：表示泛指的“某一個(gè)”小孩，故用不定冠詞a。答案：a8解析：隱性比較級(jí)，即“等”比“長(zhǎng)”好得多。句中much也提示我們要用比較級(jí)，因?yàn)閙uch常用來修飾比較級(jí)，表示“得多”。答案：better9解析：意為“直到”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。答案：until10解析：it指代前文中的the waiting seed。答案：it (二)What would you do if you failed? Many people may choose to give up._1_， the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick _2_ your goal.On your way to success, you _3_ keep your direction.It is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and _4_ (help) you overcome obstacles on your way._5_， you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead.Direction means objectives.You can get nowhere _6_ an objective in life.You can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve _7_.Only in this way _8_ you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time _9_ (proper)And you should also have a belief _10_ you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._文章大意本文告訴我們，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是堅(jiān)持你的方向和目標(biāo)。1解析：與前句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，空格前后都有標(biāo)點(diǎn)， 用副詞however。答案：However2解析：stick to意為“堅(jiān)持”。答案：to3解析：由語境不難揣摸出作者的語氣，句意為：在通往成功的路上，你必須堅(jiān)持你的方向。答案：must4解析：與guiding并列，一起補(bǔ)充說明a lamp，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。答案：helping5解析：由本句與前句的邏輯關(guān)系可知，要填表示“否則”的otherwise。答案：Otherwise6解析：句意：人生如果沒有目標(biāo)，你將一事無成。答案：without7解析：it指代your objective。答案：it8解析：句意：只有這樣，你才會(huì)知道答案：will/can9解析：修飾動(dòng)詞spend作狀語用副詞。答案：properly10解析：引導(dǎo)同位語從句，從句中不缺句子成分，且意義完整，故填that。答案：that(三)It happened that a dog had got a piece of meat and was carrying _1_ home in his mouth.Now, _2_ his way home he had to cross a plank lying _3_ a running brook._4_ he crossed, he looked _5_ and saw his own shadow _6_ (reflect) in the water beneath.Thinking it was _7_ dog with another piece of meat, he made up his mind to have that also.So he made a snap at _8_ shadow in the water, _9_ as he opened his mouth the piece of meat fell out, _10_ (drop) into the water and was never seen more.Beware lest you lose the substance by grasping at the shadow.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._文章大意這則狗和影子的故事，告誡我們：切莫因追逐幻影而丟失已有的東西。1解析：指代a piece of meat，故用it。答案：it2解析：表示“在某人回家的路上”用on ones way home。答案：on3解析：表示“橫過”河流或道路等細(xì)長(zhǎng)的東西或操場(chǎng)等一個(gè)平面的東西，用介詞across。答案：across4解析：表示“當(dāng)時(shí)候”。答案：As/When5解析：因“向下看”才能看到水中的影子，故用down。答案：down6解析：因shadow與reflect是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。答案：reflected7解析：指它以為是“另一條狗”。答案：another8解析：特指水中的“那個(gè)”影子，故用定冠詞the。答案：the9解析：前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。答案：but10解析：與opened, was seen是并列關(guān)系，三個(gè)先后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作應(yīng)當(dāng)用同一時(shí)態(tài)，故drop也用一般過去時(shí)，故填dropped。答案：dropped專題專題3議論文型語法填空議論文型語法填空議論文是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表見解或提出主議論文是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表見解或提出主張的說理性文章。議論文的目的不僅是客觀地解釋事張的說理性文章。議論文的目的不僅是客觀地解釋事物，而且還力圖說服讀者相信并接受某一觀點(diǎn)。物，而且還力圖說服讀者相信并接受某一觀點(diǎn)。議論文有自己的語言特點(diǎn)，了解了文章整體意思后，要議論文有自己的語言特點(diǎn)，了解了文章整體意思后，要通過字里行間的意思推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖和立場(chǎng)通過字里行間的意思推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖和立場(chǎng)(同同意什么，反對(duì)什么，喜好什么，憎惡什么，主張什么意什么，反對(duì)什么，喜好什么，憎惡什么，主張什么等等)，這種理解直接決定你的填詞。要仔細(xì)復(fù)讀全文，這種理解直接決定你的填詞。要仔細(xì)復(fù)讀全文，關(guān)注自己所填的詞語是否符合原意，從語意連貫、邏關(guān)注自己所填的詞語是否符合原意，從語意連貫、邏輯合理的角度，認(rèn)真復(fù)查答案的合理性和正確性。輯合理的角度，認(rèn)真復(fù)查答案的合理性和正確性。(2011湖南卷改編)Does going to college really pay off? Certainly！I remember taking _1_ English class in college on the short story.Our first assignment was to read _2_ short stories and then discuss which one was better.After _3_ (read) both，I wasnt sure.Over the _4_ several months, my professor taught me _5_ one story was so much better than the other._6_ was rich in metaphor (隱喻) and character development, _7_ the other was humorous _8_ too shallow.I couldnt see this at first.Yet, in a few months, my brain got reeducated and _9_ could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level.Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads _10_ greater success in ones life.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._答案與解析本文作者通過與讀者分享自己大學(xué)時(shí)期老師如何教會(huì)自己欣賞文章，告訴大家上大學(xué)有用，很值。1an考查冠詞。class此處為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，其前須用冠詞。再根據(jù)此處表泛指，而English是以元音音素開頭，故填an。2two考查數(shù)詞。根據(jù)本句中“which one was better”以及下文“After.both”中both的提示可推斷此處表示“兩個(gè)短篇故事”，故填two。3reading考查動(dòng)名詞。after 是介詞，括號(hào)中所給詞是動(dòng)詞，故只能填動(dòng)名詞reading。4next考查形容詞。根據(jù)該空修飾名詞months，應(yīng)填形容詞，再由語境可知，此處表示“在接下來的幾個(gè)月”，故填next。5why考查名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)上文“discuss which one was better”可推斷，教授是給我們講解為什么其中一個(gè)故事要比另一個(gè)故事好，故填why。6One考查不定代詞。由語境可知，故事有兩個(gè)，再根據(jù)習(xí)慣搭配“one.the other.”可推斷填One。7while考查并列連詞，while表示前后對(duì)比的意思。8but考查連詞。根據(jù)“humorous”和“too shallow”在邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可推斷，此處填連詞but連接兩個(gè)形容詞。9I考查人稱代詞。根據(jù)該空在句中作主語可判斷應(yīng)填名詞或代詞。結(jié)合語境可知該空應(yīng)指作者本人，故填I(lǐng)。10to考查介詞。lead to為固定搭配，意為“導(dǎo)致”。(一)The following words were written on the tomb of an Anglican Bishop (主教) in the Crypts of Westminster Abbey (西敏寺)：When I was young and free and my _1_ (imagine) had no limits, I dreamed of changing the world. _2_ I grew older and wiser, I discovered the world would not change, so I _3_ (short) my sights somewhat and decided to change only my country. But _4_， too, seemed immovable.As I grew _5_ my twilight years (晚年), in one last desperate attempt, I settled for changing only my family，those _6_ (close) to me, _7_ alas, they would have _8_ of it.And now as I lie on my deathbed, I suddenly realize: If I had only changed myself first, then by example I _9_ (change) my family.From their inspiration and encouragement, I would then have been able _10_ (better) my country and, who knows, I may have even changed the world.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._文章大意改變世界從改變自己開始，因?yàn)樵谖覀兏淖冏约旱耐瑫r(shí)也潛移默化地影響著家庭。在他們的鼓舞和激勵(lì)下，我們可能會(huì)使我們的國(guó)家變得更美好，從某種角度來看，也正改變著世界。1解析：在形容詞性物主代詞后要用名詞形式。答案：imagination2解析：表示“隨著”，要用as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。答案：As3解析：作謂語要用動(dòng)詞，由上下文可知，要用一般過去時(shí)。答案：shortened4解析：替代前文中的to change only my country。答案：it5解析：表示“長(zhǎng)成”用grow into。答案：into6解析：“家人”是“最親近的人”。答案：closest7解析：前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。答案：but8解析：have none of (refuse to accept)意為“不接受，不理睬”。答案：none9解析：與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。答案：would have changed10解析：固定搭配：be able to do。答案：to better(二)Lao Tzu was traveling with his followers.They came to a forest _1_ hundreds of woodcutters were cutting the trees._2_ whole forest had been cut except for one big tree _3_ thousands of branches.It was so big _4_ 10,000 persons could sit in its shade.Lao Tzu told his followers _5_ (go) and ask why this tree had not been cut.They went and asked the woodcutters and they said, “This tree is absolutely _6_ (use)You cannot make anything out of it because every branch has so many knots in itnothing is straight.You cannot use it as fuel because the smoke is dangerous _7_ the eyes.This tree is absolutely useless, and thats _8_ we havent cut it.” The followers came back and told Lao Tzu.He laughed and said, “Be like this tree.If you are useful you will be cut and you will become furniture in somebodys house.If you are beautiful you _9_ (sell) in the market.Be like this tree, and you will grow big and vast and thousands of people will find shade under _10_.”1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._文章大意老子與門徒來到森林邊，林木被伐盡，只有一棵樹因“無用”而幸存下來，長(zhǎng)成參天大樹。1解析：引導(dǎo)定語從句，where在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。答案：where2解析：特指整個(gè)森林，用定冠詞。答案：The3解析：介詞短語作后置定語，with意為“帶有，具有”。答案：with4解析：引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，so.that.意為“如此以致”。答案：that5解析：tell sb.to do sth.意為“叫某人做某事”。答案：to go6解析：根據(jù)下文可知，此樹無用才沒被砍伐，所以填形容詞useless。答案：useless7解析：be dangerous to意為“對(duì)有危險(xiǎn)”。答案：to8解析：引導(dǎo)表語從句，意為“的原因”。答案：why9will be sold10you專題專題4對(duì)話型語法填空對(duì)話型語法填空1選材特點(diǎn)通看試題可知，所選材料為一段情景豐富的對(duì)話，材料體現(xiàn)時(shí)代氣息，符合中學(xué)生特點(diǎn)，信息量大，語言符合真實(shí)交際，學(xué)生易于理解把握。材料創(chuàng)設(shè)了一個(gè)較為明確的語境，具有口語特征(這從多處出現(xiàn)的 Oh，Yeah，anyway 等詞以及 they were gone，Are you sure，right next to me，I couldnt believe my eyes，Youre joking 等鮮活的字眼可以明顯地感受到)，語言地道、流暢，聽起來自然、真實(shí)。2考查角度對(duì)話填空作為一段對(duì)話材料，主要考查學(xué)生以下能力：情景識(shí)別，得體交際對(duì)話作為口語體材，往往是圍繞一個(gè)話題展開，如何識(shí)別特定情景，區(qū)分中國(guó)和英美文化差異，充分考慮口語因素，進(jìn)而得體交際顯得尤為重要。如典例解析中第2空的Really就很具口語特征，它既是對(duì)對(duì)方所說內(nèi)容的將信將疑，又有激起對(duì)方說話熱情的作用。詞匯記憶，語法運(yùn)用考生要熟悉大綱詞匯，不要錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)為對(duì)話填空一定要考長(zhǎng)詞、難詞，從今年的試題可以看出，高考并非想難為考生，考得更多的還是一些熟詞，所以我們平時(shí)訓(xùn)練還是要注重準(zhǔn)確拼寫單詞，熟練掌握語言語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，能在相應(yīng)情況下準(zhǔn)確填出詞的適當(dāng)形式。 閱讀理解，語篇把握對(duì)有些空格，光有識(shí)別情景、單詞拼寫、語法基礎(chǔ)還不行，這類設(shè)置側(cè)重于考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維和對(duì)具體語境的把握，尤其是對(duì)整體語義的理解能力。針對(duì)對(duì)話填空的選材特點(diǎn)和考查角度，我們應(yīng)該采取相應(yīng)的解題策略。(1)通讀對(duì)話全文，掌握對(duì)話大意。在做題時(shí)，首先跳過空格，快速把全篇對(duì)話通讀一遍，獲取有關(guān)對(duì)話的內(nèi)容、語境，及所使用的時(shí)態(tài)等信息，為下面的解題打下基礎(chǔ)。通讀時(shí)，不提倡做題，因?yàn)檫@樣可能使考生只注意到一個(gè)句子，而忽略了它與文章的聯(lián)系，導(dǎo)致一葉障目，無法正確解題。本節(jié)對(duì)話主要通過Annie 的表述，介紹了她的太陽鏡被海浪沖走，第二天又失而復(fù)得的驚奇事件，文章整體使用過去時(shí)。(2)靈活運(yùn)用語法，形式填寫正確。對(duì)話填空中的有些題目，并不是只要借助上下文的語境就能得出正確答案的，還要考生使用所學(xué)的語法知識(shí)才能解決問題。因此，考生需要掌握有關(guān)語法相關(guān)知識(shí)，看所設(shè)空格要填的詞在句子里作什么成分，哪類詞合適；看應(yīng)采取詞的什么形式(如用動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、非謂語形式、主謂應(yīng)如何搭配等等)。熟練掌握基礎(chǔ)語法知識(shí)并運(yùn)用其知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析解答是一種非常有效的解題方法。應(yīng)該指出，動(dòng)詞各種形式的考查在試題中所占分量還是比較大的，例如：原形、過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞等形式。 (3)注意前后照應(yīng)，完善語篇填空。對(duì)話填空題的題目要求是：閱讀下面對(duì)話寫出一個(gè)英語單詞的完整、正確形式，使對(duì)話通順。如果把對(duì)話比作環(huán)環(huán)相扣的“鏈條”，那么由于空格的存在，鏈條就幾乎環(huán)環(huán)脫節(jié)了。要想把它們?cè)龠B接起來，就得把握整個(gè)對(duì)話的語篇，通過判斷說話人的態(tài)度和語氣，從頭腦中由若干備選詞匯中，選擇最適合對(duì)話情景和語境的詞匯使得全篇對(duì)話主題完整，語意清楚。設(shè)空的答案有的由已讀過的上文決定，有的由未讀過的下文決定，還有的要綜合上下文而定，所以設(shè)空分為三類：1)前制性設(shè)空；如1空，6空此兩空為前制性設(shè)空；2)后制性設(shè)空；如4空，5空此兩空為后制性設(shè)空；3)語篇性設(shè)空。下文對(duì)話的3、4、7、8、9、10等空要結(jié)合語篇，把握語境加以解決，屬于語篇性設(shè)空?？傊谧鰧?duì)話填空題時(shí)，考生應(yīng)在通讀全篇對(duì)話的基礎(chǔ)上，把握各部分之間的邏輯關(guān)系，充分理解談話的內(nèi)容及談話雙方的意圖，靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語法知識(shí)，將對(duì)話補(bǔ)充完整，使補(bǔ)全后的對(duì)話意思通順，前后連貫，合乎語法規(guī)則，最終提高該題型的得分率，使之成為英語分?jǐn)?shù)的增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。本題根據(jù)江蘇高考題改編。請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面對(duì)話，并根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容的提示，在答題卡右欄中標(biāo)有題號(hào)的橫線上，寫出一個(gè)英語單詞的完整、正確形式，使對(duì)話通順。NNicolaAAnnieN: Hi，Annie. Did you have a good holiday? A: Oh，yeah，I had a great _1_. But Ive to tell youthe most amazing thing happened. N: _2_(real)? What was that?A: Well，I was swimming in the sea and a huge wave came along and _3_ (knock) my sunglasses into the water. I.N: Why were you swimming in your sunglasses?A: Oh，I dont know. Id just _4_ them on top of my head. Id forgotten they were there. Anyway，they were _5_. I was very upset. You know they were quite expensive.N: I remember_6_ 100 pounds.A: Yeah. Anyway，the next day I was lying on the beach，sunbathing. Then suddenly another huge wave.N: Are you _7_ this was a good holiday?A: Yeahbut listen! When I looked down，there on the sand，_8_ next to me，were my sunglasses，I couldnt _9_(believe)my eyes!N: Youre _10_(joke)! That is amazing!1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._答案與解析1time本題考查短語搭配。Have a great/good time 玩得開心。2Really本題考查口語和詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境應(yīng)填Really。3knocked本題考查時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)合上下文可知此處應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。4left本題考查語篇理解。結(jié)合上下文可知此處應(yīng)使用left。5gone/missing本題考查語篇理解。結(jié)合上下文可知，Annie的眼鏡沒了。6nearly本題考查語篇理解。結(jié)合上下文可知， Annie的眼鏡大約100英鎊。所以填nearly。7sure本題考查短語搭配。be sure that.，表示對(duì)有把握。8right本題考查語篇理解。結(jié)合上下文可知，“眼鏡恰好在我旁邊?！眗ight, 恰好。9believe本題考查動(dòng)詞詞形變化。根據(jù)前面couldnt ，所以此處填原形。10joking本題考查口語和語篇理解?！癥ou are joking！”，“你是在開玩笑吧！”(一)A: Ive got two _1_ for the rock concert tomorrow evening. Would you like to go with me?B: Sorry, I dont like rock music very much.A: What _2_ of music do you like?B: Pop music, _3_ (especial) country music.A: Why do you like _4_ to country music?B: Well, the country singers often play the guitar while _5_ (sing). And I like to play the guitar.A: Whats country music about?B: Its about _6_ things for everyone. A: How _7_ rock music?B: It _8_ (express) true feelings about society, friendship and even war.A: Whats the greatest _9_ (different) between pop music and rock music?B: Most pop singers make music their _10_ while rock singers make music their life.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._1解析：此空考查名詞的用法。由下文意思可知是得到兩張搖滾音樂會(huì)的票。故用復(fù)數(shù)形式tickets。答案：tickets2解析：此空根據(jù)后文的回答可知是詢問音樂的類型，故用kind。答案：kind3解析：由此句含義可知用especially：尤其，特別(是)。所給單詞especial表示特別的，特殊的。答案：especially4解析：由上下文意思可知。你為什么喜歡聽鄉(xiāng)村音樂？答案：listening5解析：由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此空用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。.while (they are) singing。答案：singing6解析：此空根據(jù)音樂知識(shí)可知，鄉(xiāng)村音樂是寫有關(guān)每個(gè)人的普通事情的。答案：common7解析：根據(jù)上下文可知。答案：about8解析：根據(jù)主謂一致原則和全文時(shí)態(tài)可知，用動(dòng)詞express的第三人稱單數(shù)。答案：expresses9解析：由空前的形容詞最高級(jí)the greatest可知，此處用名詞。答案：difference10解析：流行音樂歌手把音樂看做他們的事業(yè)。答案：career(二)A: Can you tell me something about the Earth Summit?B: Yes. Its a meeting held by the UN to discuss _1_ (environment)issues.A: When and where was the _2_ Earth Summit held?B: In Rio de Janeiro in 2012.A: What was the main _3_ of the summit?B: Sustainable _4_(develop)A: What did _5_ from all over the world discuss in Rio de Janeiro. B: They discussed the three biggest _6_ (kill) in the world: contaminated drinking water, poor sanitation and air _7_.A: What else did many speakers speak about at the meeting?B: They also spoke about poverty, war and violence.A: Why are _8_ like the Earth Summit important?B: Because they help us understand that there exist serious _9_ facing the earth and that only by _10_ (change) the way we live can we save the earth.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._1解析：本題考查詞性變化。根據(jù)空后issue, 問題是名詞，所以使用形容詞。答案：environmental2解析：本題考查語篇理解。根據(jù)下文2012年所以是最近的，latest。答案：latest3解析：本題考查語篇理解。句意；這次峰會(huì)的主題是什么？答案：theme4解析：本題考查語篇理解和詞性變化。主題是可持續(xù)性發(fā)展，應(yīng)該使用名詞。答案：development5解析：本題考查語篇理解。根據(jù)下文可知是來自世界各地的專家。答案：experts6解析：本題考查語篇理解和詞性變化。危害世界的三大殺手。答案：killers7解析：本題考查語篇理解。根據(jù)上下文可知是大氣污染。答案：pollution8解析：本題考查語篇理解。根據(jù)下文the Earth Summit 和上文are, 可知填conferences。答案：conferences9解析：本題考查語篇理解和考生的綜合能力。serious problems, 嚴(yán)重的問題。答案：problems10解析：本題考查詞性變化。根據(jù)上文介詞by 可知填動(dòng)名詞形式changing。答案：changing(三)A: