Part1 M5.Unit15Unit15Unit15LearningLearningModule51、secure adj. 安全的 vt. 使安全；(尤指經(jīng)過(guò)努力)獲得，實(shí)現(xiàn)；保證， 確保 The little boy felt secure near his parents. 那個(gè)小男孩在父母身邊感到安心。 a secure place 一個(gè)安全的地方 feel secure about ones future 對(duì)將來(lái)感到放心 a secure job/income 穩(wěn)定的工作/收入 secure oneself a place/a place for oneself in為自己贏得一席之地secure, insure, ensure與assure secure作“確保”解時(shí)， 暗含采取行動(dòng)來(lái)保證不受攻擊或損失、損害。 He works hard in order to secure his position in the company. 他努力工作以確保他在公司的地位。 insure, ensure和assure在表示“確保有”時(shí)， 在很多語(yǔ)境下可以互換， 但insure強(qiáng)調(diào)事先必須采取具體的措施。 Careful planning should insure the success of the party. 詳細(xì)的計(jì)劃可確保派對(duì)的成功。 assure特別暗指消除某人心中的疑慮或顧慮。I assure you that no harm will be done. 我向你保證不會(huì)有任何傷害。完成句子。1. 以此謀生終非長(zhǎng)久之計(jì)。 Its not a very secure way to make a living. 2. 他們終于覺(jué)得不必為將來(lái)而擔(dān)憂了。 At last they were able to feel secure about the future. 2、lay sb. off 解雇某人 When the manager told me that I would be laid off, I was too upset to say anything. 當(dāng)經(jīng)理告訴我我要被解雇時(shí)， 我悲傷得一句話也說(shuō)不出來(lái)。 同義詞：dismiss; fire laidoff adj. 被解雇了的完成句子。1. 由于沒(méi)有新的訂貨，他們?cè)鈺簳r(shí)解雇。 They were laid off because of the lack of new orders. 2. 下崗工人積極參加再就業(yè)培訓(xùn)。 Laidoff workers should take full advantage of retraining programs. 3、suspect v. suspect sth./suspect thatclause懷疑，覺(jué)得，猜想(尤指壞事可能屬實(shí)或發(fā)生) Suspecting nothing, he walked right into the trap. 他毫無(wú)察覺(jué)，徑直走入陷阱。 I began to suspect (that) they were trying to get rid of me. 我開(kāi)始覺(jué)察出，他們?cè)噲D擺脫掉我。不信任；不相信I suspect her motives. 我懷疑她的動(dòng)機(jī)不純。(相當(dāng)于doubt) suspect sb. of (doing) sth.懷疑(某人有罪)He resigned after being suspected of theft. 他被懷疑有偷竊行為，隨后就辭職了。suspect n. 可疑分子；嫌疑犯 (第二個(gè)音節(jié)重讀) When the man was found dead, the police arrested two suspects. 當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)人死后， 警察逮捕了兩名可疑分子。suspicious adj. 感覺(jué)可疑的；懷疑的 be suspicious of/about sb./sth. They became suspicious of his behaviour and contacted the police. 他們開(kāi)始覺(jué)得他行為可疑，便報(bào)了警。 完成句子。1. 我們懷疑他提供假情報(bào)。We suspected him of giving false information. 2. 我懷疑他是個(gè)說(shuō)謊的家伙。I suspect him to be a liar. /I suspect that he is a liar. 3. 很多人對(duì)改革持懷疑態(tài)度。Many were suspicious of reform. 4、instruct vt. 教， 指導(dǎo)；通知， 告知；指示， 命令 instruct sb. whclause通知 instruct sb. to do sth.指示某人做某事 instruction n. U 教， 講授；(usually pl.) 指示， 命令；(pl.)用法說(shuō)明 give instruction in English 用英語(yǔ)講授 give/receive instructions to do sth. 下達(dá)/得到命令(或指示)做某事 漢譯英。1. 沒(méi)有人通知我們何時(shí)出發(fā)。 We were not instructed when to start. 2. 我們受到指示不得說(shuō)出此事。 We were instructed not to tell about it. 3. 使用之前請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀說(shuō)明書(shū)。 Read the instructions carefully before you use it. 5、bury v. 埋藏， 埋葬； 隱匿； 埋頭， 沉溺(in) He buried the treasures under the ground. 他把財(cái)寶埋藏在地下。 bury yourself in something 專(zhuān)心致志于某事；隱居 Since she left, hes buried himself in his work. 自從她走后，他全身心地?fù)湓诠ぷ魃稀?buried treasure 埋藏的財(cái)寶be buried alive 被活埋1. 他隱居到鄉(xiāng)下去寫(xiě)書(shū)。He buried himself in the country to write a book. 2. 那所房子被掩埋在10英尺厚的雪底下。The house was buried under ten feet of snow. 6、pace n. 步速；速度v. 踱步The runners have noticeably quickened their pace. 賽跑者明顯加快了腳步。 at the pace of 3 miles an hour 以每小時(shí)3英里的步速 at a slow/fast pace 步速慢/快 quicken ones pace 加快腳步 quicken the pace of educational reform 加快教育改革的進(jìn)度 keep pace withkeep up with 跟齊步前進(jìn)The little boy cant keep pace with his elder brothers. 那個(gè)小男孩跟不上他哥哥們的步子。 lack pace缺乏節(jié)奏感 pace up and down來(lái)回踱步；走來(lái)走去完成句子。 1. 她工作得很快， 我跟不上她的速度。 She works so fast that I cant keep pace with her. 2. 他必須學(xué)會(huì)使自己適應(yīng)這項(xiàng)工作的節(jié)奏。 Hell have to learn to 2. pace himself in this job. 3. 會(huì)后經(jīng)理煩躁/焦慮地在房間踱來(lái)踱去。 After the meeting the manager paced up and down the room. 7、reflect vt. 反射， 折射；映出， 反映 vi. 沉思， 深思， 考慮 Mirrors reflect light. 鏡子反光。 reflect sb./sth. (in sth.)The clouds/trees were reflected/mirrored in the water. 云彩/樹(shù)木倒映在水中。 reflect on/upon sth.認(rèn)真思考；沉思 reflect on a problem 思考一個(gè)問(wèn)題 reflect on what to do next 考慮下一步怎么辦完成句子。1. 一個(gè)人的神態(tài)反映出他內(nèi)心的思想。 Ones looks reflect the thoughts passing through his mind. 2. 我經(jīng)常思考人生的美麗與復(fù)雜。I often reflect on the beauty and complexity of life. 8、obey vt. 服從， 聽(tīng)從 obey sb. without question 絕對(duì)服從某人 Soldiers are expected to obey their orders without question. 軍人應(yīng)當(dāng)絕對(duì)服從命令。 to obey a command/an order/rules/the law 服從指揮/命令；遵守規(guī)章/法律漢譯英。1. 他對(duì)父母一向絕對(duì)服從。 He had always obeyed his parents without question. 2. 她的兩條腿簡(jiǎn)直不聽(tīng)使喚。 Her legs just wouldnt obey her. 9、lack vt. 缺乏， 缺少n. 缺乏，缺少 He lacks confidence in himself. 他缺乏自信心。 lack sth. 缺少 for lack of sth. 因缺少 a lack of food/money/skills 缺乏食物/金錢(qián)/技能 have no lack of不缺少 lacking adj. be lacking in sth.(抽象名詞) 完成句子。1. 這植物因缺水而枯死了。 The plant died for lack of water. 2. 因證據(jù)不足， 他們被無(wú)罪釋放。Lack of evidence resulted in their being set free. 10、access n. 通路；接近， 進(jìn)入(后常接介詞to)；vt. 接近， 使用 have/get access to sth./sb. 有(使用或見(jiàn)到的某人某物)機(jī)會(huì)，權(quán)利 Students must have access to good resources. 學(xué)生必須有機(jī)會(huì)使用好的信息資源。 the access to the building 到達(dá)(或進(jìn)入)大廈的通路 accessible adj. 易接近的；可進(jìn)入的 be accessible to sb./sth.漢譯英。1. 我的爺爺奶奶沒(méi)有接受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。 My grandparents have no access to education. 2. 公眾無(wú)法看到這些文件。 These documents are not accessible to the public.11、acquire vt. 獲得， 取得；開(kāi)始占有或具有；學(xué)到(知識(shí)等)How did he acquire his wealth?他的財(cái)富是怎樣得來(lái)的？ acquire fame 成名 acquire a good knowledge of sth. 學(xué)到很多知識(shí) acquire a habit 養(yǎng)成一種習(xí)慣 acquirement n. 取得； 才能； 造詣 完成句子。1. 我千方百計(jì)地搞到了我所需要的資料。 I tried to acquire the information I needed. 2. 他的品格使他得到好名聲。 His character acquired him a good name. 12、tend to do 傾向于；轉(zhuǎn)向；易造成Boys tend to be bigger than girls. 男孩子往往比女孩子個(gè)頭大。 tend (to) sb./sth. 照料；照管；護(hù)理welltended gardens 精心照料的花園漢譯英。1. 我累了就容易出錯(cuò)。 When Im tired, I tend to make mistakes. 2. 醫(yī)生和護(hù)士護(hù)理受傷者。 Doctors and nurses tended the injured. 13、approve vt. 批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可 vi. 贊成， 稱(chēng)許 approve of (doing) sth.贊成(做)某事 We dont approve of solving the problem by way of fighting. 我們不贊成用打架的方式來(lái)解決問(wèn)題。 approval n. 完成句子。1. 我不認(rèn)可這種行為。I couldnt approve such conduct. 2. 他不同意我今年離校。He doesnt approve of me/my leaving school this year. 14、urge vt. 推進(jìn)， 驅(qū)策 He was urged by his conscience. 他受他的良心所驅(qū)策。極力主張， 強(qiáng)烈要求(此義引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬should do) They urged that the library (should) be kept open during the vacation. 他們要求圖書(shū)館假期也開(kāi)放。催促， 力勸，搭配：urge sb. to do sth. 或thatclauseHe urged us to give a helping hand to the beggar. 他敦促我們幫幫那個(gè)乞丐。漢譯英。1. 這份報(bào)告呼吁給所有的兒童傳授環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性。 The report urged that all children be taught the importance of protecting the environment. 2. 她力勸他留下。 She urged him to stay. 15、assume vt. 假設(shè)， 以為；承擔(dān)；假裝I assume that this might be true. 我想這可能是真的。 It is generally assumed that 普遍認(rèn)為 assume sb. to do 認(rèn)為 assume responsibility for承擔(dān)責(zé)任 assumption n. 假定；設(shè)想 make assumptions about對(duì)做出猜測(cè)完成句子。1. 普遍認(rèn)為，緊張系工作過(guò)重所致。It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 2. 我本以為他是美國(guó)人。I had assumedhim to be an American. 3. 我錯(cuò)了， 我愿為此承擔(dān)責(zé)任。I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it. 16、vital adj. 至關(guān)重要的， 生死攸關(guān)的It was such a vital clue that we jumped for joy. 我們對(duì)于這極其重要的線索感到欣喜若狂。 be vital to sb./sth. It is vital that S. (should) do漢譯英。 1. 這一點(diǎn)對(duì)我的論據(jù)極為重要。 This point is vital to my argument. 2. 我們必須快速離開(kāi)。 It is vital that we move quickly. 17、I wish I _hadnt_given_up my dancing lessons. (P41) 我希望我沒(méi)有放棄我的舞蹈課。 wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬， 因?yàn)樵竿聦?shí)一般不符。wish (that)S.did (were)(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符)as ifS. had done(與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符)If onlyS. would do(將來(lái)發(fā)生的可能性小)漢譯英。1. 要是我那時(shí)不懶就好了。 If only I had not been lazy at that time. 2. 他教訓(xùn)我的口吻似乎他就是我的父親一樣。 He told me off as if he were my father. ()1. (2010北京卷) The weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _.A.wouldnt dieB. didnt die C. hadnt diedD. wouldnt have died D第二個(gè)說(shuō)話人的If條件句是我們選擇正確答案的關(guān)鍵。要是當(dāng)時(shí)下雨了，現(xiàn)在的情況就好得多了！我的蔬菜也就不會(huì)死了。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：過(guò)去沒(méi)有下雨，所以我的蔬菜干死了也是發(fā)生在過(guò)去。 if someone had worked for a company for over 20 years, they would_have_stayed there until retirement！(P37)()2. (2010重慶卷) The palace caught fires three times in the last century, and little of the original building_now.A.remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained Aremain在這兒意思是“剩下，余留”，為不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。整句話是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的陳述，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 Education is what remains when we have forgotten all we have been taught.(P39)()3. (2010江西卷) Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _ since her marriage to Father.A. shouldersB. shoulderedC. is shoulderingD. has been shouldering D在本句since 表示自從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在一直這樣還將延續(xù)下去，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 I havent seen Mr. Jenkins since I left school but I often think about him.(P40)如何增加亮點(diǎn)()7. 適當(dāng)運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)通常被認(rèn)為是一種高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，適當(dāng)運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，會(huì)給人熟練駕馭語(yǔ)言的印象。 例由于不知道她的地址，我沒(méi)法和她聯(lián)系。一般句As I didnt know her address, I wasnt able to get in touch with her.優(yōu)秀句N(xiāo)ot knowing her address, I wasnt able to get in touch with her. 8. 注意文章的過(guò)渡與銜接 書(shū)面表達(dá)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是把銜接和連貫作為核心標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)要求的，其語(yǔ)篇銜接作用的極其重要性是不言而喻的。學(xué)生要學(xué)會(huì)恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠@些表示邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)，使文章前后連貫，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，過(guò)渡自然。表示過(guò)渡與銜接的常用表達(dá)有：(1)表示順序：first, then, finally, in the end 等。(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)折：but, however, meanwhile, at the same time, instead, on the contrary, unfortunately, after all等。(3)表示并列：bothand, as well as, neithernor, eitheror, somesome等。(4)表示遞進(jìn)：besides, even, moreover, whats more, furthermore等。(5)表示時(shí)間：now, then, in the past, at present, in the future等。(6)表示對(duì)比：while, on one hand, on the other hand, in the same way, just as等。(7)表示因果：because, as, now that, so, therefore等。(8)表示程度：first of all, above all, again and again等。(9)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)：indeed, surely, certainly, of course, above all等。(10)表示列舉：for example, such as, for instance等。(11)表示總結(jié)：in a word, in short, in brief, in all, in conclusion等。9. 合理安排句型 注意把意思相近、相似、互為補(bǔ)充的句子合為一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，使重點(diǎn)突出，并且要明確內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系。 When it is my birthday, my mother will cook some dishes to celebrate my birth, or she will give me some money to buy whatever I want. 改為：To celebrate my birthday, my mother always cooks some dishes or gives me some money to buy whatever I want. 改后的句子由兩句變?yōu)橐痪?，句義更易理解，邏輯更清楚。10. 綜合使用各類(lèi)所謂的“高級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)例如果她的發(fā)音不比她老師好的話，至少也不會(huì)比她老師的差。一般句If her pronunciation is not better than her teachers, it is at least as good as her teachers.優(yōu)秀句Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teachers. 11. 大膽使用高級(jí)詞匯Her dark eyes are very attractive.她的黑眼睛很迷人。(用attractive比用beautiful高級(jí))Is the manager available?經(jīng)理在不在？(用available比用in高級(jí)) I happened upon her in the street the_other_day. 幾天前，我在街上碰巧遇見(jiàn)了她。(用the other day比用a few days ago高級(jí)) Hearing the news, I felt kind_of discouraged. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，我感到有點(diǎn)泄氣。(kind of在此用作副詞，意為“有點(diǎn)”) H e s t o o d b e f o r e h i s t e a c h e r s i l e n t l y, with_his_head_down. 他低著頭，一言不發(fā)地站在老師面前。(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用得好)