話題專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練話題專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練第十一節(jié)第十一節(jié) 自然、社會(huì)、世界與環(huán)境自然、社會(huì)、世界與環(huán)境 自然自然n. beach海濱,海灘；coast海岸,海濱；hill小山,丘陵;island島嶼；lake湖；land陸地；mountain山,山脈；ocean海洋；rock巖石,大石頭；sand沙,沙子；sea海,海洋；nature自然；farm農(nóng)場(chǎng),農(nóng)莊；stream小河,溪流；river江,河;human人類；planet行星；moon月球；star星,恒星;sun太陽(yáng)；air空氣;stone石頭,石料；plant植物；animal動(dòng)物；bear熊；一、詞匯積累一、詞匯積累n. camel駱駝；cat貓；tiger老虎；cow母牛,奶牛；dog狗；elephant象；fox狐貍;horse馬；lion獅子；monkey猴子；mouse鼠,耗子;panda熊貓；pig豬；rabbit兔,家兔；rat鼠；lamb羔羊；sheep(綿)羊；goat山羊；wolf狼;ant螞蟻；bee蜜蜂.butterfly蝴蝶；fly蒼蠅；bird鳥(niǎo)；chicken雞,雞肉;duck鴨子;snake蛇；leaf(樹(shù)、菜)葉；bamboo竹；tree樹(shù)；flower花；rose玫瑰花；grass草;life生命;tail(動(dòng)物的)尾巴；wing翅膀 v.breathe呼吸；grow生長(zhǎng),發(fā)育;shake(使)動(dòng)搖,震動(dòng)；protect保護(hù)；prevent防止,預(yù)防;repair修補(bǔ),修理；mend修理,修補(bǔ)；warn警告；feed喂(養(yǎng)),飼(養(yǎng))；plant種植,播種短語(yǔ)hundreds of幾百,成百上千；lots of許多,大量；millions of成百萬(wàn)上千萬(wàn),數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)；scores of許多,大量;thousands of成千上萬(wàn),幾千；a number of一些,許多；change into轉(zhuǎn)換成,把變成；die out消失,滅亡；go out出去,熄滅 社會(huì)社會(huì)n. industry工業(yè)；society社會(huì)；news新聞,消息；government政府；pioneer先鋒,開(kāi)拓者;magazine雜志；newspaper報(bào)紙；heaven天,天空；sort種類,類別；army軍隊(duì)v. develop(使)發(fā)展；cause促使,引起,使發(fā)生；stand站立,起立,坐落；raise使升高,飼養(yǎng)adj. social社會(huì)的,社交的；public公共的,公眾的；safe安全的短語(yǔ)set free釋放,解放；take place發(fā)生；take the place of取代,代替；set up建立,創(chuàng)立；get away逃,離；in danger處在危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)；in need of需要,缺少；join up聯(lián)合起來(lái),聯(lián)結(jié)起來(lái)；live on以為主食,靠為生；look into向里面看去,調(diào)查；put out撲滅,關(guān)熄世界與環(huán)境世界與環(huán)境n.Russia俄羅斯,俄國(guó)；Australia澳洲,澳大利亞；Japan日本；Canada加拿大；China中國(guó)；England英格蘭；London倫敦；India印度；capital首都,省會(huì)；centre中心,中央；state(美國(guó)的)州；earth地球；world世界；America美洲,美國(guó)；Asia亞洲；Europe歐洲；Atlantic大西洋;flag標(biāo)志;foreigner外國(guó)人；country國(guó)家；n. 鄉(xiāng)村；city市,城市；town城,城鎮(zhèn)；village村莊,鄉(xiāng)村；countryside鄉(xiāng)下,農(nóng)村;leader領(lǐng)袖,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人；population人口,人數(shù)；mile英里；metre米,公尺；kilometer千米(公里)；environment環(huán)境；rubbish垃圾；廢物;trade貿(mào)易；peace和平；enemy敵人,敵軍v. increase增加,繁殖；produce生產(chǎn),制造；divide分,劃分；set安置,設(shè)置 adj. Chinese中國(guó)的,中國(guó)人(的);American美國(guó)的,美國(guó)人的；Australian澳洲的,澳大利亞的；English英國(guó)的,英國(guó)人的；Indian(美洲)印第安人的,印度人的；Asian亞洲的,亞洲人的；European歐洲的,歐洲人的；Japanese日本的,日本人的；Russian俄羅斯人的,俄語(yǔ)的;Pacific太平洋的；foreign外國(guó)的；international國(guó)際的；national國(guó)家的,全國(guó)性的短語(yǔ)prevent.from妨礙,防止,預(yù)防；put away儲(chǔ)存；run out of用完；in a word簡(jiǎn)言之,總之；with the help of.在的幫助下；all over到處,遍及；break out(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)等)突然發(fā)生,爆發(fā)；in peace安靜,寧?kù)o 二、語(yǔ)法選擇二、語(yǔ)法選擇When my husband and I had just moved to China, we went to dinner at a Peking Duck Restaurant. Both of us 1 this restaurant because of its delicious food. Waiters 2 were friendly to us said hello with a smile. Traditional pictures are put on the wall. 3 beautiful restaurant. I felt happy and chose a quiet corner to sit. My husband 4 a jacket and I had a coat, we hang them on the back of our chairs when we sat down to eat. We were quite 5 when the waitress took a cloth sack (布套) and pulled it over the backs of our chairs, covering the jacket and the coat completely.As we ate in more restaurants, we saw that many restaurants do this, 6 . And then we realized 7 they do this. Firstly, Chinese food 8 many soups, sauces, teas and so on. These may easily stain (弄臟) the clothing if the food 9 by the waiter. Besides, many Chinese restaurants allow 10 , so the sack also helps keep the smell of the cigarettes 11 the coats and jackets. 12 good thing is that the cloth sack can also cover a bag. When I lived in New York, I had a terrible experience of having my handbag stolen when I 13 at a restaurant. 14 handbag was right on the back of my chair. So Im really happy that my bag can be safely 15 here in China as I enjoy my dinner. ( )1. A. likesB. like C. liked D. liking( )2. A.whichB. who C. whom D. when( )3. A. What B. How C. How a D. What a( )4. A. put on B. wore C. had on D. dressed( )5. A. surprisingly B. surprising C. surprised D. surpriseBBDBC( )6. A. too B. either C. also D. as well as( )7. A. whatB. how C. whenD. why ( )8. A. includeB. includes C. is includingD. included ( )9. A. was thrown B. is thrown C. was throwing D. is throwing( )10. A. smoking B. to smoke C. smokeD. to smokingADBBB( )11. A. off B. away C. onD. out( )12. A. Other B. The other C. Another D. Others( )13. A. ate B. was eating C. eats D. will eat( )14. A. An B. A C. The D. /( )15. A. protect B. protected C. to protect D. protectingACBCB 三、完形填空三、完形填空Natural resources are things that we use that come from earth.Our natural resources are limited(有限的).This means that they will not 1 forever.Some are renewable,like when you plant a new tree when you 2 one down.Others are not renewable,like when you dig coal(煤)out of the 3 .Once it is used,it is gone.People realize the 4 that earths natural resources are limited,and can do things to help conserve(節(jié)約)those resources. 5 you try to conserve a natural resource,you try to use less of it so it does not get used up so 6 .One way that people conserve fuel,like gasoline,is by riding a bicycle or walking when the 7 is short instead of driving everywhere.Water is a very important natural resource because we all need it to stay 8 .We can conserve water 9 making sure that our pipes and taps do not leak(漏).We can also make 10 choices to conserve water,like only using the dishwasher or washing machine when they are full.Everyone can make contributions to protecting natural resources. ( )1.A.last B.spread C.burn D.change ( )2.A.turn B.cut C.put D.move( )3.A.station B.building C.ground D.brick( )4.A.news B.plan C.decision D.fact( )5.A.When B.Although C.Whatever D.WhetherABCDA( )6.A.slowly B.hard C.regularly D.fast( )7.A.money B.space C.place D.distance( )8.A.alive B.alone C.asleep D.awake( )9.A.about B.for C.by D.with( )10.A.generous B.funny C.wise D.surprisingDDACC 四、閱讀理解四、閱讀理解(A)We are often asked to make a speech in life.Most of us are afraid of it and dont do a good job.Here are some simple steps to make your speech a successful one.First of all,find out everything you can about your subject and at the same time find out as much as you can about your audience.Who are they? What do they know about your subject? Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech.Then try to arrange your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow.Use as many examples as possible.Never forget your audience.Dont talk over their heads or talk down to them.When you are giving your speech,speak slowly and clearly,look at your audience and pause for a few seconds from time to time to give your audience chances to think over what youve said.Just remember:be prepared,know your subject and your audience,say what you have to say and be yourself so that your ideas will bring you and your audience together. ( )1.“Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech.” (underlined) means that while preparing your speech,you must _.A.put your shoes away and put on theirs B.try to think in the way as they do C.wear the shoes in the same size as theirs D.try to speak in their words B( )2.When he is giving his speech,the speaker should _.A.let his eyes rest on the subject B.follow the audience step by stepC.face the audience in a right way D.look up and down from time to time C( )3.What does the underlined word “pause” mean in the passage?A.Listen. B.Stop. C.Choose. D.Search. ( )4.Which is the best title of the passage?A.How to Make a Good Speech B.How to Pick out the Topic for a SpeechC.How to Prepare the Material for a Speech D.How to Remember the Audience BA( )5.In what order should a good speech be arranged?a.Give your audience chances to think over what youve said.b.Find out as much as you can about your audience.c.Try to arrange your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow.d.Find out everything you can about your subject.e.Speak slowly and clearly,look at your audience.A.d,b,c,e,a B.b,d,e,a,c,f C.b,a,d,c,e, D.e,b,a,f,d,c A (B)People often say that the Englishmans home is his castle.They mean that the home is very important and personal to him.Most people in Britain live in houses rather than flats,and many people own their homes.This means that they can make them individual (個(gè)體的),they can paint them,change them in any way they like.Most houses have a garden,even if it is a very small one,and the private(私人的) space of individual.People usually like to mark their space.Are you sitting now in your home or on a train? Have you marked the space around yourself as yours? If you are on the train you may put your coat or small bag on the seat beside you.If you share a flat you may have one corner or chair which is your own.Once I was travelling on a train to London.I was in a section for four people and there was a table between us.The man on the opposite side to me had his briefcase on the table.There was no space on my side of the table at all.I was angry.Maybe he thought that he owned the whole table.I had read a book about non-verbal communication,so I took various papers out of my bags and put them on his briefcase! When I did this he stiffened and his eyes nearly popped out of his head,I had invaded (侵犯) his space! A few minutes later I took my papers off his case in order to read them.He immediately moved his case to his side of the table.Of course,it is impossible that he just wanted to be helpful to me! If you are visiting another country you may feel that you dont have any private space.Hotel rooms look much the same in every country in the world.All day long,you share public spaces with other people.You see the local people in their private spaces and you feel lonely and “outside”.Local people can create their private spaces by talking about things you dont know about.And you even feel that they like you to be outside them so that they will enjoy being a traveler! But if you understand it then it helps you.Havent you enjoyed being part of a group and “owning” a bit of space?( )6.The write was angry as he was travelling on a train to London because_.A.he had no place to sit B.someone had invaded his “space”C.too many people shared a section with him. D.some other people talked about things he didnt know about_B( )7.“. you feel lonely and outside” in Paragraph 4 means that _.A.you are alone outside the house B.you feel lonely because you travel on your ownC.you are alone and therefore you go outside to have some funD.you feel lonely and dont belong to that place or that group of people D ( )8.In Paragragh 4,the pronoun “them” refers to(所指)“_”.A.public spaces B.private spaces C.local people D.other countries C( )9.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.British people dislike marking their spaces. B.You always feel at home in another country.C.Most British people prefer living in houses to flats. D.You cant mark your private space in a foreign country. C（ ）10.The main purpose of the passage is to tell readers to _.A.own private spaces by living in housesB.have one corner of their own in public placesC.realize the importance of “space” in communication D.create their private spaces by talking with local people C (C)A four year old girl is lying in the arms of a doctor.She has just lost her mother.Her pink clothes are full of blood and her eyes look at something only she can see.Every day we see pictures like this on TV.We see Iraqi(伊拉克的) children asking for food and water from American and British soldiers when they move through towns and cities towards the capital,Baghdad.We see these children following parents,carrying bags of almost the same as their small bodies when they escape from their homes in Baghdad.They show just some of the young lives that have been turned upside down by ongoing war.“Dad,why are the Americans fighting against us? Are we going to be killed?” asked the son of Abu,an Iraqi engineer.Abu finds it hard to explain(解釋) this war to his eight year old son.He tries to make him feel safe by saying,“The bombs(炸彈) are far away from us.The Americans are fighting the soldiers.Were going to be all right.” Even though Abu knows it isnt always true,nothing else can be done.In Baghdad,parents give their children sleeping pills to try and let them escape from the sound of bombs.And all the schools are closed.Now things are worse,and the ongoing war makes it impossible to count the number who are hungry,sick,hurt or even dead. ( )11.What is happening to the children in Iraq because of the war?A.The children will get better than before.B.The children ask for food and water from American and British soldiers.C.The children in Iraq go back to their homes in Baghdad.D.The children live a most terrible life. D( )12.The underlined word “ongoing” means “_” in Chinese.A.正在進(jìn)行的 B.非正義的 C.未授權(quán)的 D.即將進(jìn)行的 ( )13.The father does NOT tell the truth to the son because _.A.he will lose his country and his home B.he wants to make his son not feel dangerousC.he is afraid to lose his son D.he is afraid of the American soldiers AB( )14.The war in Iraq tells us that _.A.the Iraqi people in the war are much hungrier and worstB.we should help the Iraqi people build their country againC.nothing can be done except fightingD.Both A and B D( )15.Whats the best title(標(biāo)題) for this passage?A.A Father and A Son B.The Iraqi WarC.Iraqi Children During the War D.A Dishonest Father C Spring is coming.The flowers will start blossoming (開(kāi)花)and the trees will be filled with colors.Its time of the year for people to plant trees.Planting trees is a good way to protect our environment.But most of us dont have a place to plant trees.So what can we do for protecting the environment? We can make a difference from the others.(D)For example, we can think about a way to make people cut down fewer trees.As we know,paper is made from trees.If we use less paper,we can save a lot of trees.Then we may have a problem that how to use less paper.Let me tell you my ideas. Reducing Our Paper WasteEvery day we just use the paper and we dont think about where the paper comes from.Let us think about wasting a piece of paper is like wasting a tree.We can start with reducing the amount of paper products that we use.This could be done by such a simple way as using e-mail instead of writing notes.ReusingWe could reuse paper that is clean on one side for drafts,notes and even photocopies.As students,we could reuse paper by doing our research online or at libraries rather than buying lots of written paper.Sharing books or buying a used textbook for school is another way of reusing.RecycleWe should consider recycling notebook paper,newspapers,magazines and colored paper.We can buy paper towels,tissues,and toilet paper that have been made from recycled paper.Dont throw away the wasted newspapers or books which are not useful to you. ( )16.People can protect the environment by doing the following things except _.A.planting trees B.reusing paper C.drinking less water D.cutting down less trees C( )17.We can reduce our paper waste by _.A.sending e-mail B.writing letters C.sending cards D.using paper bags ( )18._ isnt a way for you to reuse paper.A.Doing research online B.Buying lots of written paperC.Sharing books D.Buying a used textbook AB( )19._ can be recycled to make paper towels,tissues and toilet paper.A.Colored paper B.NewspapersC.Magazines D.All of the above D( )20.From the passage we know that_.A.we can reuse paper for drafts,notes and even photocopiesB.the paper is made from clothes and treesC.four ideas are mentioned here to save paperD.we should cut down more trees to make more paper A 五、閱讀填空五、閱讀填空How green are you? Do you know how to be green?We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day.1. .We can do something to help. Here are some ideas for you.CReduceReduce means “use less”. Dont waste things.2. .Before we buy something new, think whether it is really necessaryor maybe the old one will be just as good! DReuseReuse means “use again”. Use things for as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time.3. .When they are broken, we should repair them instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Dont use a paper cup or a paper bag.4. . EARecycleRecycle means “change things into something else”. Though it takes energy to change something into something else, its better than throwing things away or burning them.5. .We should also buy products made from recycled materials.So please remember these three words: reduce, reuse and recycle.B A. Its better to use cups and boxes that can be used again.B. Find out what can be recycled in your home. C. It is bad for our environment. D. This saves money and reduces pollution. E. We should look after them so that they will last. 六、單詞拼寫(xiě)六、單詞拼寫(xiě)1.He was bitten by a snake.His life was in d_.2.A lot of trees are planted on the hill now.They can help to p_the water and the earth from going away.3.It was a hard job for her to b_up five children all by herself.angerreventring4.The government should pay more a_to those people who can not afford a house.5.A war broke out b_England and France in the 18th century.6.China is one of the b_ countries in the world.ttentionetweeniggest七、完成句子七、完成句子1.你能告訴我世界上最高的山在哪里嗎？Can you tell me _ _ _ _ in the world is?2.房子對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)似乎是最重要的。_ _ _many people that houses are the most important. where the highest/tallest mountainIt seemsto 3.這座城市被地震摧毀了。The city_ _ _ the earthquake. 4.他們擔(dān)心世界上的石油很快會(huì)被用完。They are afraid that the world will_ _ _oil soon. was run out of bydestroyed 5.往河里排放廢水對(duì)環(huán)境是很不利的。_ _ _the environment to pour waste water into the river. 6.夏威夷因?yàn)樗利惖暮０抖雒?。Hawaii _ _ _ its beautiful beaches. Its is bad for famous for7.為了保護(hù)環(huán)境我們應(yīng)該停止使用塑料袋。_ _ _ _, we should stop using the plastic bags. To protect the environment 八、書(shū)面表達(dá)八、書(shū)面表達(dá)你住在城市還是鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)，鄉(xiāng)村呢？ 你更想住在什么地方？請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一篇題為“I Prefer Life in the _”的短文。內(nèi)容包括： 1.你更喜歡的居住地 (城市，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)或鄉(xiāng)村)。 2.列舉出三個(gè)理由。 3.建議大家愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境，讓每個(gè)地方都變成宜居之地。 4.詞數(shù)80左右,開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)?！緦?xiě)作指導(dǎo)【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】 1.審題：第一人稱，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，說(shuō)明文。2.思路：導(dǎo)入，提出觀點(diǎn)列舉三個(gè)理由提出建議。3.高分技巧： 列舉三個(gè)理由時(shí)可以用first of all,. whats more .,the most important thing .等。 用過(guò)渡句型 Now let me tell you what I think.和In a word .等，使文章更加流暢。 【寫(xiě)作思路【寫(xiě)作思路】 1.導(dǎo)入，提出觀點(diǎn)：參考句型：我認(rèn)為最好住在城市/ 農(nóng)村： I think its better to live in the city / country.我更加喜歡城市/ 農(nóng)村: I prefer the city / country.2.列舉三個(gè)理由:參考句型：首先，而且， 更加重要的是:first of all .,whats more,the most important thing.第一，第二，最后： first .,second .,last .3.總結(jié)想法，提出建議: 參考句型：總之： in a word我們應(yīng)該： We should.如果我們,我們就能: If we.,we can.【整篇寫(xiě)作【整篇寫(xiě)作】 Prefer Life in the _Different people have different ideas._Country Different people have different ideas.Some people think that its better to live in the city, but I prefer the life in a country.Now let me tell you what I think. _First of all, there are many trees and plants in the countryside, so we can have fresher air.Whats more, its a quiet and lively place to live in because there arent too many cars.The most important thing is that the people who live in the country seem friendly and helpful to others. _In a word, if we try our best to take care of our earth, we can live anywhere we like.