多媒體語篇精讀課閱讀理解解題樣板（九）01介紹說明類閱讀理解解題樣板02科技發(fā)明類03文學與藝術類04生態(tài)環(huán)保類05飲食與健康類06個人情感與人際關系類07人物故事類08學校生活類09社會文化類10新聞廣告類11個人情況和日常活動類閱讀理解解題樣板（九）社會文化類01精讀語篇 1 “Indeed，” George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug. When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightningbug (螢火蟲)But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. 2 The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.01精讀語篇 3 Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bugshaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install (安裝) an alarm”Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others conversations. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant “to cheat”， and since the 1940s it has been annoying. 4 We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as “l(fā)ittle problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering a bug in his invented record player.”題目試做68We learn from Paragraph 1 that _.AAmericans had difficulty in learning to use the word bugBGeorge Washington was the first person to call an insect a bugCthe word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth centuryDboth Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century69What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?AExplanation.BFinding.COrigin. DFault.70The passage is mainly concerned with _.Athe misunderstanding of the word bugBthe development of the word bugCthe public views of the word bugDthe special characteristics of the word bug02讀文樣板 本文為一篇說明文。主要介紹了bug一詞的不同含義及發(fā)展過程。它可以指一個對某種活動著迷的人，也可以指一種小型機器或物體，還可以指防盜設備以及竊聽設備。如今，它可以指代電腦程序或其他設計中出現(xiàn)的缺陷，而在愛迪生時代，它指代發(fā)明中遇到的一些困難問題。一. 理清文章脈絡02讀文樣板一. 理清文章脈絡 1 “Indeed，” George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug. When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightningbug (螢火蟲)But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.介紹bug一詞的使用淵源。02讀文樣板一. 理清文章脈絡 2 The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like. 3 Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bugshaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install (安裝) an alarm”Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others conversations. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant “to cheat”， and since the 1940s it has been annoying. 4 We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as “l(fā)ittle problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering a bug in his invented record player.”介紹bug一詞的詞義演變。02讀文樣板二. 破解閱讀障礙(一)怎樣破解生僻詞匯1. bug-shaped adj.蟲形的破解方法利用構詞法bug(蟲)shape (形狀)ed(形容詞后綴)bug-shaped02讀文樣板二. 破解閱讀障礙(一)怎樣破解生僻詞匯2. overcome v克服破解方法利用構詞法over(副詞，越過) come(動詞，來)overcome (努力地越過各種障礙而來)克服02讀文樣板二. 破解閱讀障礙(二)怎樣破解長難句句子主干現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語不定式作表語譯文：但不久英國人就不在他們的語言中使用bug了，把它留給美國人使用，在19、20世紀美國人把臭蟲稱為bug。But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.1But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. 02讀文樣板二. 破解閱讀障礙(二)怎樣破解長難句句子主干現(xiàn)在分詞作定語定語從句譯文：美語bug也可以指人，即指對某項特殊活動癡迷的人。2The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. 03解題樣板68.從第一段我們可以得知_。信息源選項特征A.美國人在學習使用bug一詞上有困難B.George Washington是把昆蟲稱作bug的第一人C.在19世紀bug一詞在英語中仍然被普遍使用D.在18世紀英國人和美國人都使用bug一詞分析選D根據(jù)“When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century(當華盛頓寫到此時，英國人已經(jīng)把昆蟲稱作bug已經(jīng)一個多世紀了)”。本段最后一句“But the English .twentieth centuries.(但不久英國人就不在他們的語言中使用bug了，把它留給美國人使用，在19、20世紀美國人把臭蟲稱為bug。)”也告訴我們18世紀bug一詞被英美兩國人同時使用。文中未提及無中生有第一段第二句顛倒是非第一段第四句曲解文意第一段第三句及第四句合理推斷03解題樣板69.最后一段中的單詞“flaw”的意思是什么？信息源選項特征A.解釋。B.發(fā)現(xiàn)。C.起源；開端。D.故障；缺陷。分析選D根據(jù)最后一段中的“That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as little problems and difficulties”(這個含義可追溯到愛迪生時代。在1878年，他把bug解釋為“小的問題和麻煩”。)可以推斷出，bug如今指代電腦程序或者其他設計中需要克服的缺陷、瑕疵，故D項正確。文中未提及無中生有文中未提及無中生有文中未提及無中生有第四段第三句合理推斷03解題樣板70.這篇文章主要是關于_。信息源選項特征A.對單詞bug的誤解B.單詞bug的發(fā)展演變C.大眾對bug一詞的看法D.bug一詞的特殊之處分析選B總結全文特別是第一段及二、三、四段的首句可知，文章主要圍繞bug一詞的發(fā)展過程以及不同含義來展開，故B項符合文章主旨。文中未提及無中生有第一段及二、三、四段的首句綜合概括文中未提及無中生有文中未提及無中生有04閱讀積累一. 考綱重點詞匯復現(xiàn)1. refer to2. create v創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)建；引起；產(chǎn)生eg. She referred to the subject several times during her speech.在演講中她好幾次提到這個話題。提到；說起；參考；查閱3. be crazy about熱衷于某事物；為某事物著迷4. particular adj.具體的；特定的；特別的；講究的，挑剔的eg. The old man is very particular about what he eats.這個老人對飲食非常挑剔。5. used to過去常常(用于表示過去真實或經(jīng)常性的行為，特別強調現(xiàn)在不那樣了)6. equipment n設備；裝備eg. I used to enjoy gardening, but I dont have time for it. 我過去喜愛園藝，但現(xiàn)在沒時間去弄了。7. annoying adj.令人惱火的；令人煩躁的8. date back todate from追溯到eg. His brother is crazy about playing basketball. 他哥哥對打籃球很著迷。9. require v需要；要求10. previous adj.先前的，之前的eg. What is really annoying is that he made the same mistake last time.讓人惱火的是他上次犯了同樣的錯誤。eg. The amount that patients are required to pay has been raised.病人要付的費用已經(jīng)提高了。04閱讀積累二. 文中小語法現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語原句But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.點撥本句中l(wèi)eaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語。易混比較：不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語表示的都是謂語動詞的直接結果，是意料中的結果。如：It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.大雨滂沱，造成了那個國家洪水泛濫。(2)不定式作結果狀語通常表示的是一個未曾料到的不愉快的結果。如：Tom got to the station, only to find the train had gone.湯姆到達車站，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。