練習(xí)3主語從句 ?知識梳理主語從句1. 主語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語，大多數(shù)主語從句都可以用it作形式主語而把主語從句置于句尾。2. that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)可用it作形式主語，that不可?。粀hat引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示“的東西”時(shí)，一般不用it作形式主語；whatever, whoever, whichever 般也不用it作形式主語。主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞作用引導(dǎo)詞作用that無詞義，在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，但不能省略how多么，怎樣，作方式狀語或程度狀語who誰，作主語、賓語when何時(shí)，作時(shí)間狀語whom誰，作賓語where在哪兒，作地點(diǎn)狀語what什么，可作主語、賓語、表語、定語why為什么，作原因狀語which哪一個(gè)，哪些，作主語、賓語、定語whether是否主語從句的特殊用法(1) 主語從句與定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換All that is needed has been bought.所有需要的都買了。(2) 幾個(gè)特殊句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換It is known to all that China has joined the WTO.As is known to all, China has joined the WTO.What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.眾所周知，中國己加入WTOo從句作主語時(shí)，句子謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問題。(1)從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。That they are not going to the cinema is a big surprise to us.【答案】(1) honesty>honest(2) 將 the >a(3) 將 immediateimmediately(4) 將 is>was(5) 將 with一after(6) 將 members一member(7) 將older前的more去掉(8) 在try前加to(9) 將 which>who/that(10) 將 he>they【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了我愛上拉小提琴的經(jīng)歷。第一處：考查固定搭配。句意：老實(shí)說，是我哥哥激發(fā)了我對小提琴的熱情。tobehonesl表示“老實(shí)說”，用形容詞作表語。故honesty改為honest。第二處：考查冠詞。句意：我五歲的時(shí)候，有一天他放學(xué)帶回家一把小提琴，然后拉了起來。此處泛指“一把小提琴”，故the改為a。第三處：考查副詞。句意：我非常羨慕，想馬上開始學(xué)小提琴。修飾動(dòng)詞start用副詞，故immediate改為 immediatelyo第四處：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我的第一把小提琴是我的小提琴老師給我的，我用一只叫托托的小狗的名字給它命名。講述的是過去的事情，應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)，故is改為was。第五處：考查固定搭配。句意同上,name.after表示“以命名”，故with改為after。第六處：考查可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：現(xiàn)在，我是澳大利亞青年樂團(tuán)最年輕的成員。“I am”表明此處用可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，故members改為member0第七處：考查形容詞比較級。句意：周圍都是更年長、更優(yōu)秀的小提琴選手，我別無選擇，只能努力跟上我的水平和技巧。older木身就是比較級，前面不需要再用more,去刪掉oldei前的more。第八處：考查固定句式。句意同上,have no choice but to do表示“除之外別無選擇”，故在try前加to。第九處：考查定語從句。句意：我經(jīng)常邀請一些不太喜歡古典音樂的朋友去聽音樂會(huì)，他們很喜歡。先行詞為some of my friends,指人，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故which改為who/that。第十處：考查代詞。句意同上，此處指代some of my friends,故he改為they。他們不去看電影，這使我們感到很驚訝。（2）what引導(dǎo)的從向作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù);若從句謂語或從句后的表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。What she said is wrong.她所說的是錯(cuò)誤的。練習(xí)：1. I like about him is that he is really witty and bubbly.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）2. Surprisingly,began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）3. many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth todissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and rivers.（用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空）4. He is shy and quiet. However,he said al the meeting surprised everybody present.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）5. we will go camping or not depends on the weather.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）6. It is recognisedthe environmental pollution has become more and more serious,（用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空）7. developing countries need to do is to stop poverty by fighting the causes of it.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）8. I do remember is the overwhelming feeling of happiness that washed over me.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）9. Exactlythe potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but many people believe itwas probably around 1565.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）1（）. It remains a questionwe can get so much money in such a short time.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】1. What 2. what 3. What 4. what 5. Whether6. that 7. What 8. What 9. when 1（）. how【解析】1.考查主語從句。句意：我喜歡他的一點(diǎn)是他真的很機(jī)智和活潑。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用連接詞引導(dǎo)主語從句，空后主語從句缺少賓語，表示喜歡的內(nèi)容，所以空處需用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)主語從句，句首單詞首字母需大寫。故填Whato2. 考查主語從句。句意：令人驚訝的是，一開始并不是什么重要的公共事務(wù)漸漸變成了一種社會(huì)活動(dòng)。此處為主語從句引導(dǎo)詞，從句中缺少主語，指事情應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。故填what。3. 考查主語從句。句意：許多科學(xué)家相信，水的持續(xù)存在使地球能夠?qū)⒂泻怏w和酸溶解到海洋和河流中。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用連接詞引導(dǎo)主語從句，從句動(dòng)詞believe缺少賓語，表示具體的內(nèi)容，所以空處需用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)主語從句，句首單詞首字母需大寫。故填Whato4. 考查主語從句。句意：他很害羞安靜，然而，他在會(huì)議上所說的話讓在場的每個(gè)人都震驚了。本句是主語從句，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是surprised,從句缺少主語，根據(jù)句意，what表示“什么”符合句意，故填whato5. 考查連詞。句意：我們是否要去露營取決于天氣如何。本句是主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞是depends,從句部分缺少“是否”的意思，根據(jù)后文的or not,可知填連詞whether,故填Whether。6. 考查主語從句。句意：人們認(rèn)識到環(huán)境污染已變得越來越嚴(yán)重。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個(gè)主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，it是形式主語，真正的主語是從句"the environmental pollution has become moreand more serious.”且該從句句意完整，也不缺少主語和賓語，因此，該從句應(yīng)該用that引導(dǎo)。故填thato7. 考查主語從句。句意：發(fā)展中國家需要做的是通過消除貧困的根源來消除貧困。此處為主語從句，從句中缺少賓語，結(jié)合句意“發(fā)展中國家需要做的”可知應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)，句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Whato8. 考查主語從句。句意：我所記得的是那種壓倒一切的幸福的感覺。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處為主語從句，從句中缺少賓語，表示“所記得的”應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Whato9. 考查主語從句。句意：土豆被引進(jìn)歐洲的確切時(shí)間不確定，但是許多人認(rèn)為可能是1565年左右?！癊xactlythe potato was introduced into Europe v 是主語從句；根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)用 when引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。故填when。10, 考查連接詞。句意：我們怎么能在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)弄到這么多錢還是個(gè)問題。此處為主語從句，it作形式主語，主語從句中缺少方式狀語，表示“怎么，如何”故應(yīng)用howo故填how。寒假集訓(xùn)（45分鐘）©鞏固集訓(xùn)單詞默背1. The government has made laws to（禁止）tobacco advertisements on TV,（根據(jù)漢語意思填空）2. When you（打噴嚏），air and often small drops of liquid suddenly come out of your noseand mouth in a way you cannot control.（根據(jù)漢語意思填空）3. He seems to be stuck with the（標(biāo)簽）of "troublemaker”/根據(jù)漢語意思填空）4. She decided to（伸出）out her hand and help the old man up from his chair.（根據(jù)漢語意思填空）5. Textbook writing can be an intellectually（有益的）activity.（根據(jù)漢語意思填空）6. The（茶壺）came with a stand to catch the drips of water,（根據(jù)漢語意思填空）7. He peeled the paper top off a little white tub and poured the（奶油）into his coffee.（根據(jù)漢語意思填空）8. We require grammar and spelling to be（準(zhǔn)確的）.（根據(jù)漢語意思填空）9. It's known to us that smoking do much damage to the（肺部）.（根據(jù)漢語意思填空）1（）. We saw a mother（豹子）sleeping under the trees with her cubs.（根據(jù)漢語意思填空）閱讀理解Watching what you eat can be easier said than done, but a recent study shows it might not just beabout what's on your plate 一 it could be about how quickly it disappears.Japanese researchers followed 1,083 adults for five years, splitting them into three categories basedon how quickly they ate: slow, normal, and fast. They also answered a questionnaire at the beginning ofthe study, sharing their diet, physical activity, and medical history. In the beginning, none of thevolunteers had metabolic syndrome （新陳代謝綜合征）-meaning at least three risk factors which canlead to health problems like heart conditions and diabetes.When the participants reported back five years later, 84 had been diagnosed （診斷）with metabolicsyndrome 一 and their eating speed was a major predictor, according to the results in the journalCirculation. The fast eaters were 89 percent more likely to have metabolic syndrome than slow andnormal caters. Just 2.3 percent of slow eaters received the diagnosis, compared to 11.6 percent of fasteaters. But that's not all. Fast eaters also saw more weight gain, larger waistlines, and higher bloodsugar levels than slow eaters.The researchers say gobbling makes it easier not to take notice of fullness before your body has achance to signal you to stop. "So when people eat fast they are more likely to overeat,said TakayukiYamaji, MD, study author and cardiologist at Hiroshima University in Japan in a statement.Previous research backs up the weight benefits of slow eating, too. One study of New Zealandwomen found fast eaters have higher body-mass indexes (指數(shù))，and a Chinese study found that bothhealthy and fat men ate less when told to chew 40 times instead of 15 times before swallowing. Initialresearch even suggests chewing your food longer could bum more calories-up to about 1,000 extraevery month.11. What are the participants divided by?A. Medical history. B. Health condition.C. Physical activity. D. Eating speed.12. Which may be the result of the study?A. Fast eaters are 4 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome.B. Nomial and slow eaters don't have metabolic illness.C. 89% of fast eaters have higher blood pressure.D. Slow caters are healthier than fast eaters.13. What docs the underlined word "gobbling” in Paragraph 4 best mean?A. Tasting slowly. B. Digesting quickly.C. Eating greedily. D. Cooking carefully.14. What does the last paragraph tell us?A. The importance of eating speed. B. The advantage of eating slowly.C. The result of a Chinese study. D. Fast eating and overeating.用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Did you grow up in one culture, your parents came from another, and you are now living in a _15(total) different country? If so, then you are a third-culture kid.The tenn "third-culture kid” 16 (use) in the 1960s for the first time by Dr. Ruth. She firstcame across this phenomenon while 17 (research) North American children living in India. Ingeneral, third-culture kids benefit 18 their intercultural experience and they often reach excellentacademic results.Yet many 19 (difficulty) may arise from this phenomenon. Third-culture kids may not beable to adapt 20 (they) completely to their new surroundings. Also, they often find it hard _21(develop) new friendship. Additionally, for a third-culture kid, it is often 22 (easy) to move to anew country than to return to his homeland. For example, after living in Australia fbr many years,Louis finally returned to the country 23 she was born. She didn't know anything about currentTV shows 24 fashion trends. And she didn't share the same values as other teens of her age.短文改錯(cuò)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(A),并在其下面寫出該加的詞刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分To be honesty, it was my older brother that inspired my passion for the violin. When I was fiveyears old, he came home from school one day with the violin and played it. I was green with envy andwanted to start immediate. My first violin is given by my violin teacher and I named it with the littledog called TbTo in The Wizard of Oz. Now, I am the youngest members of the Australian YouthOrchestra. Surrounded by much more older and more advanced players, I have no choice but try andkeep up with both the level of playing and the musicianship around me. I often invite some of myfriends which arc not so into classical music to a concert and he love it. You just don't have to be amusical genius to attend a concert.©參考答案。鞏固集訓(xùn)單詞默背【答案】1. prohibit 2. sneeze 3. label 4. stretch 5. rewarding6. teapot 7. cream 8. accurate 9. lung 10. leopard【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞。句意：政府已經(jīng)制定法律禁止電視上的煙草廣告。結(jié)合句意和漢語提示可知，動(dòng)詞prohibit符合題意，空前的to是不定式符號，此處應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞原形。故填prohibito2. 考查動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)你打噴嚏時(shí)，空氣和常常是小滴的液體突然從你的鼻子和嘴巴里流出來，這種方式是你無法控制的。根據(jù)句意，所填詞是句子的謂語，應(yīng)是動(dòng)詞；句子敘述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；根據(jù)所給漢語意思，應(yīng)是動(dòng)詞sneeze<>故填sneeze03. 考查名詞。句意：他好像被人貼上了 “麻煩制造者”的標(biāo)簽。根據(jù)空前的定冠詞the可知，空處應(yīng)填一個(gè)名詞，結(jié)合漢語提示可知，label符合題意，故填labelo4. 考查動(dòng)詞。句意：她決定伸出手幫助老人從椅子上站起來。空處應(yīng)填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合漢語提示可知stretch符合題意，空前to是不定式符號，所以此處填動(dòng)詞原形。故填stretcho5. 考查形容詞。句意：編著課本，在知識方面是一個(gè)有益的活動(dòng)?？仗帒?yīng)填一個(gè)形容詞作定語修飾名詞activity,結(jié)合漢語提示可知rewarding符合題意。故填rewardingo6. 考查名詞。句意：茶壺自帶支架，可以接住水滴。根據(jù)漢語意思“茶壺”以及上文the,可知應(yīng)填名詞teapot，作主語。故填teapoto7. 考查名詞。句意：他撕去一個(gè)白色小杯的紙蓋子，把奶油倒進(jìn)他的咖啡。根據(jù)空前的定冠詞the可知，空處應(yīng)填一個(gè)名詞，結(jié)合漢語提示可知cream符合題意，故填cream。8. 考查形容詞。句意：我們要求語法和拼寫準(zhǔn)確。在be動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)是形容詞作表語；根據(jù)所給漢語意思，應(yīng)是形容詞accurate o故填accurate 09. 考查名詞。句意：我們都知道吸煙對肺有很大的損害。根據(jù)漢語意思“肺部”以及上文the,可知應(yīng)填名詞lung,作賓語。故填lungo10. 考查名詞。句意：我們看到一只母豹和她的幼崽們睡在樹下。在不定冠詞a后應(yīng)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式；根據(jù)所給漢語意思，應(yīng)是名詞leopardo故填leopardo閱讀理解【答案】11. D 12. D 13. C 14. B【解析】本文為說明文。根據(jù)研充表明，吃的慢的人要比吃的快的人更健康。11. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的 usplitting them into three categories based on how quickly they ate:slow, normal, and fast.（根據(jù)他們吃得多快分成三類：慢，正常，快）”可知,參與者是根據(jù)吃東西的速度進(jìn)行劃分的。故選D。12. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的"When the participants reported back five years later, 84 had beendiagnosed（診斷）with metabolic syndrome and their eating speed was a major predictor, according tothe results in the journal Circulation. The fast eaters were 89 percent more likely to have metabolicsyndrome than slow and normal eaters. Just 2.3 percent of slow eaters received the diagnosis, comparedto 11.6 percent of fast eaters.（根據(jù)循環(huán)雜志的研究結(jié)果，當(dāng)參與者在五年后報(bào)告時(shí)，84人被診斷為代謝綜合征，他們的進(jìn)食速度是一個(gè)主要的預(yù)測指標(biāo)。吃得快的人患代謝綜合征的可能性比吃得慢的和正常的人高89%。只有2.3%的慢食者得到診斷，而快食者只有11.6%）”可知，五年后的調(diào)查表明，快食者比慢食者和正常食客更易患代謝綜合癥。只有2.3%的慢食者患代謝綜合癥，快食者卻有11.6%0快食者也比慢食者的體重增加更多，腰圍更大，血糖水平更高。由此可判斷出慢食者比快速者更健康。故選D。13. 詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文 “"So when people eat fast they are more likely to overeat," said TakayukiYamaji, MD, study author and cardiologist at Hiroshima University in Japan in a statement.（"所以，當(dāng)人們吃得快時(shí)，他們更容易吃得過飽，”研究作者、日本廣島大學(xué)心臟病專家山崎隆醫(yī)學(xué)博士在一份聲明中說）”本段是說人吃得快時(shí)會(huì)更容易吃的多，即你吃的快時(shí)，你不容易注意到己吃飽，吃的快就會(huì)吃的多即貪吃（Eating greedily）o故選C。14. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句 “Previous research backs 叩 the weight benefits of sloweating, too.（先前的研究也證實(shí)了慢食對體重的好處）”及最后一句uInitial research even suggestschewing your food longer could bum more calories-up to about 1,00（） extra every month.（最初的研究甚至表明，咀嚼食物的時(shí)間越R,燃燒的熱量就越多一一每月增加looo卡路里）”可知，吃的慢是有好處的。故選B。用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文【答案】15. totally 16. was used 17. researching 18. from 19. difficulties20. themselves 21. to develop 22. easier 23. where 24. or【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“第三文化孩子”這一概念，以及這種跨文化經(jīng)歷給孩子帶來的優(yōu)勢和弊端。15. 考查副詞。句意：你是不是在一種文化中長大，你的父母來自另一種文化，而你現(xiàn)在生活在一個(gè)完全不同的國家？空格后different意為“不同的”，形容詞詞性，前面應(yīng)用副詞修飾,total意為“完全的”，形容詞詞性，對應(yīng)的副詞形式為totally,意為“完全，全部地”。故填totallyo16. 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：“第三文化孩子”這個(gè)術(shù)語在20世紀(jì)60年代首次被Dr. Ruth使用。根據(jù)句中in the 1960s可知，句子描述的是過去發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，句中third-culture kid和use之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，句子主語The term third-culture kid為單個(gè)術(shù)語，與was連用，use的過去分詞為used。故填was used。17. 考查省略句。句意：她在研究居住在印度的北美兒童時(shí)第一次遇到這種現(xiàn)象。空格處為while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，從句主語和主句主語一致，且從句謂語中包含be動(dòng)詞，故省略從句中的主語和 be 動(dòng)詞，還原之后的句子為 “while she was researching North American children living inIndiaresearch意為"研究”，句子主語she與research之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用research的現(xiàn)在分詞 research ingo 故填 researching 018. 考查固定短語。句意：一般來說，第三文化的孩子從他們的跨文化經(jīng)驗(yàn)中受益，他們通常會(huì)取得優(yōu)異的學(xué)習(xí)成績。句中涉及固定短語“benefit from",意為“從中獲益”，句中指“從跨文化經(jīng)驗(yàn)中受益”，符合句意。故填from。19. 考查名詞。句意：然而，這一現(xiàn)象可能帶來許多困難。句中many意為“許多的”，形容詞詞性，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,difficulty意為“困難”，為可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式為difficultieso故填difficulties o20. 考查固定短語。句意：第三文化的孩子可能無法完全適應(yīng)他們的新環(huán)境。句中涉及固定短語uadapt oneself to.”，意為“使自己適應(yīng)或習(xí)慣于"，they的反身代詞為themselves。故填themselveso21. 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：而且，他們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)很難建立新的友誼。句中涉及固定句型“find ithard tod。sth.”，意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很難”，句中it為形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，develop意為“發(fā)展”，動(dòng)詞詞性，不定式符號to后接動(dòng)詞原形。故填to develop022. 考查形容詞比較級。句意：此外，對于第三文化的孩子來說，移居到一個(gè)新的國家比回到自己的祖國容易得多。根據(jù)句意和句中關(guān)鍵詞than可知，句中把“移居到一個(gè)新的國家”和“回到自己的祖國”進(jìn)行對比，應(yīng)用比較級，easy意為“容易的"，形容詞詞性，比較級為easier。故填 easiero23. 考查定語從句。句意：例如，在澳大利亞生活多年后，Louis終于回到了她出生的國家。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子為定語從句，先行詞為country,在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)從句。故填where024. 考查連詞。句意：她對當(dāng)前的電視節(jié)目和時(shí)尚潮流一無所知。根據(jù)句中didn't可知，句子為否定句，句中TV shows和fashion trends為并列關(guān)系，即對當(dāng)前的電視節(jié)目“和”時(shí)尚潮流一無所知，否定句中應(yīng)用連詞。連接并列成分。故填。r。短文改錯(cuò)