M3U4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 單元導(dǎo)學(xué)案Back&rcundAstronomy is the oldest science known to man. Thousands of years ago manlooked at the stars and wondered about the heavens. But man was limited by sixplanets that he could see with his eyes alone.The Greeks （希月昔人）studied astronomy over 2,000 years ago. They could see thesize, color, and brightness of a star. They could see its place in the sky. They watchedthe stars move as the seasons changed. But the Greeks had no tools to helpthemselves study the heavens.Each new tool added to the field of astronomy helped man reach outinto space. Until there were telescopes （望遠(yuǎn)鏡），man knew a little about the moon.He did not know that the planet called Saturn （土星）had rings around it. His sightwas so limited that he could not see all the planets. In the early 1700s, people thoughtthere were only six planets. Pluto （冥王星），the last of nine planets to bediscovered, was not seen until 1930.Before the spectroscope （分光鏡），man did not know what kind of gases was inthe sun or other stars. Without the radio telescope （射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡），we did not knowthat radio noises came from far in space.Today, astronomy is a growing science. We have learned more in the last fiftyyears than in the whole history of astronomy.headings1. How did the universe begin?A. Atoms began to form and combine to create the universe.B. The universe began with a “Big Bang”.C. Pan Gu exploited the universe.D. No one knows how the universe began.2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. the “Big Bang”B. the age of the earthC. the formation of the earthD. the shape of the earth3. What is the right order of the development of the three, animals, plants and water?A. wateranimals一 plantsB. water_plantsanimalsC. plantswateranimalsD. animalswaterplants4. When did the dinosaurs appear on the earth?A. more than 140 million years agoB. 65 million years agoC. more than 205 million years agoD. 2.6 million years ago5. What problem is caused by human beings?A. They are looking after the earth very wellB. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphereC. He got cold feetD. You could give him the cold shoulder46. According to the passage, “to get cold feet” could probably be used.A. to express one's feet is really cold.B. to express someone who is cold-bloodedC. to express someone is frightened to do what he decided after knowing the truthD. to express one's disappointment for everyone got a pay rise but him47. This passage is mainly about.A. how cold weather affects our mind and bodiesB. why there are so many expressions about “cold”C. how to understand the word “cold”D. some words and expressions connected with "cold”48. From the passage, we can infer that.A. When someone does something bad, you can give him the cold shoulderB. When you are out in the cold, you don't get what others getC. Cold-blooded people have no sympathy for othersD. Nobody likes cold weatherPart C Find out the missing sentences and then answer the questionMembers of the working class have blue- collar jobs._1 What makes thisclass differ from the lower class is? First of all, longer periods of employmentandtherefore， more fixed incomes.2Most people in the working class have at least high school education.3Unionization has helped the working class, but a rapidly changing economy andfrequent periods of high unemployment make it difficult for most of its members tobe able to increase their savings greatly.4A greater number of the members of the working class take relatively littlesatisfaction in their jobs._5_ As a result, many seek their main satisfaction inrecreational (娛樂的)activities. Many members of this class would like to earnenough money to leave their jobs and start their own businesses, though few make it.Many place their expectations on their children, hoping that they at least will rise inthe ladder of success, American style.A. And besides, employment in skilled or semiskilled(半熟練的)occupations, notunskilled ones.B. Purchasing a house for people in this class is extremely difficult, although a certainpercentage may receive houses from their parents.C. But all of them have something in common.D. They are construction workers, truck drivers, mechanics, steel workers,electricians, and the like.E. Many have some experience of college(especially community college), though feware college graduates.F. It is because much of their work is ordinary and boring.Part D Fill in the blanksOn Wednesday morning at eleven o'clock, I was walking down Main Street. I hadjust parked my car. Suddenly I heard two shots. I thought they (come) fromthe bank. I ran toward the bank. I saw a man come) out. He was short andfata big moustache. More (importance), he had a bag of moneyand a gun in his hands! I could do anything, he ran up the streetdisappeared behind a bus.That afternoon I went to the movies. happened? I saw the thief againat the foot of the stairs! I telephoned the police from a telephone next to the restrooms. The police arrived inthan five minutes. They arrested the thief justas he(buy) a chocolate bar from the candy machine. What an exciting day!And best of all, the bank gave me $ 100 reward.C. They make the earth become too hot to live onD. Both B&CVccabularyPart A Fill in the blanks with the correct words1. Without g, people will not be able to stand.2. The cis getting warmer and warmer, which is a world wide problemcalled global warming.3. If you mfour by five, the answer is twenty.4. If you are going to marry, I advise that you should know the bskills ofcooking.5. An accident happened when the two buses c.6. Do you think our education sneeds improving?7. Without practice, there would be no t.8. “What happened?” John's mother asked him in a gvoice.9. There were many fish fon the river because of the pollution.10. The bird 1its eggs in other bird's nest last year.Part B Fill in the blanks with the correct forms1. Therea good way to solve theproblem, (exist)2. It's said that Li Yang who had started “Crazy English55 used domestic,which showed that he was ahusband, (violent)3. Smoking isto your health and it will doto your lung, (harm)4. The expression on her face suggested she was by themath problem, (puzzle)5. Zhao Benshan held a birthday party in a five-star hotel. Everyoneatthe party had afor their.(present)6. The naughty boyto me that the hen there just now hadtwo eggs the day before, (lie/lay)11. 用所給短語的正確形式填空Part C Choose the proper phrases to fill in the blanks with their correct formsin time prevent .(from) give birth to watch out forbe harmful to in one's turn break out1. Drinking is good to our heart, but too much drinkingour health.2. He will be on dutytomorrow.3. We can'tpeoplesaying what they think.4. We should thank our mother, for sheus and gave us life.5. He studied so hard that he achieved his goal.6. When you are crossing the street, pleasethe cars.7. Should another world war, what would become of human beings?Using languagePart A words and expressions1. puzzle: n.謎，難題。vt./vi.(使)傷腦筋，(使)迷惑。puzzled adj.常用來表示人感到困惑的，迷惑不解的puzzling adj .令人困惑的常見結(jié)構(gòu)：be in a puzzle不知如何是好；puzzle about/over對苦思冥想1）他們?yōu)槭裁茨菢幼鰧ξ襾碚f還是一個謎。2）令我不解的是他為什么不能回答我的問題。2. exist: vi 存在，有existing adj.目前的；現(xiàn)存的existence n.存在；生存常見結(jié)構(gòu)：come into existence開始存在；成立There exists/existed，.這里有.1）有一個解決目前地理問題的好辦法。a good method to solve theThere2）世貿(mào)組織誕生于1995年.The World Trade Organization3. in time遲早；早晚；及時；后來常見結(jié)構(gòu)：on time準(zhǔn)時，按時at one time 曾經(jīng)； 一度at a time每次；依次from time to time 有時； 不時problem in geographyin 1955-in no time立即，馬上at no time從不，決不at times 有時；ahead of time提前，提早(just) in time for sth/to do sth 剛來得及做1) Do one thingand do it well.2) should we give in to difficulties.3) We got to the station justto catch the bus.4 ) Every possible means has been used, but they couldn't finish the task5) You can't imagine this area used to be a beautiful place1) 我匆忙地趕到機(jī)場，剛來得及趕上飛機(jī)。4.in one's turn 輪到某人；接著常見結(jié)構(gòu)：in turn輪流；一個接著一個，反過來by turns 輪流；take turns （to do sth）輪流（做某物）Its one's turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事1）他們依次在臺上唱歌。2）現(xiàn)在輪到你發(fā)言。5. break out （戰(zhàn)爭，火災(zāi)等）爆發(fā)；（疾?。┩蝗话l(fā)生常見結(jié)構(gòu)：break up分解/破裂；解散/體；損害/粉碎break down (如L器)出故障；(談判)失敗；(身體，精神)跨掉break in/into插話/打斷；強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入break away from 脫離/擺脫break off突然結(jié)束/中斷1) You mustsuch bad habits.2) My caron the way.3) We had tothe house as we had lost the key.4) Shall the meeting, let's have some coffee, please?5) Where did you pick up the news that hewith her girlfriend?6) Do you know the reason why wars often between somecountries.Part B Phrases1. 一個被廣泛接受的理論2. 向四面八方3. _團(tuán)塵埃13.14.15.阻止的發(fā)生輪到某人在接下來的幾百萬年里4.及時_16.擋住5.冷卻_17.有機(jī)會做6.對是基礎(chǔ)18.向某人解釋7.連鎖反應(yīng)19.暴近8.第一次_20.歡呼9.下蛋_21.是的兩倍遠(yuǎn)10.還是一個謎_22.既然；由于某事有待被做_23.理解還有待觀察11. 的產(chǎn)生12. 產(chǎn)生、分娩_24.爆發(fā)分散、解散出故障Part C Sentence patterns1. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last ornot.句中whether-or not引導(dǎo)主語從句，it為形式主語，除主語從句之外，還可充當(dāng)賓語、表語、同位語、狀語等。1）他吃了如此多的東西以至于他是否能保持平衡飲食還不清楚。2）他是否能成功地通過駕駛考試還不確定。3）這一想法能否付諸實踐還有待于觀察。2. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.此句中which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；made后跟帶形式賓語it的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中it是形式賓語，真正賓語是,賓語補(bǔ)足語是,結(jié)構(gòu)為o有類似用法的動詞有 think, consider, find, believe, feel 等。4）他總是用一種粗魯?shù)姆绞胶蛣e人說話，這使得我很難和他相處。5）他長處如此之少以至于他發(fā)現(xiàn)謀生不可能。6）我認(rèn)為有必要讓他因未信守諾言道歉。3- What it was to become was uncertain until . when the dust settled into a solidglobe.betodosth.i）表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)/必須做某事"，通常用于通知或說明書里.The books you borrowed are to be returned before July 5.2）表示“按計劃或安排將要做某事”，其完成式則表示“本來打算做某事”。We are to meet at the school gate.3）表示“將來不可避免要發(fā)生的事”All questions are to be answered later.4）用于與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句。If it were to rain tomorrow,we would stay at home.7）據(jù)報道，總統(tǒng)將在明晚八點出現(xiàn)。8）基于他的表現(xiàn)，愛因斯坦注定將在科學(xué)技術(shù)上取得成功。4- What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to.What引導(dǎo)主語從句做主語，that引導(dǎo)表語從句表陳述。9）更糟糕的是，他對待貧窮的人毫無憐憫之心。io）使我不安的是，他是否熟悉新的人工智能。5. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earthand fell over.倍數(shù)的表達(dá)：1)- times as +原級as2) - times + 比較級 +than3) times + the size/ height / length / width / depth + of .11) 到場的學(xué)生數(shù)量是我們預(yù)計的五倍。(三種譯法)12）今年的藏羚羊比去年少了兩倍。作為結(jié)果，他們正面臨滅絕的危險。6. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.該句是一個主語從句，因主語較長，可用it作形式主語:It still remains a mystery why they suddenly disappeared.1) remain 常見結(jié)構(gòu)：.remain +adj/n/to be done;2) remain和leave表示“剩下”的區(qū)別:remain:不及物;leave:及物；3) remain 可表示 “仍然是； 保持”，remain + adj/n1) We have no choice but to make full use of whatto survive.2) It remains(see) whether they can find a good solution to the problem.3) He always(保持鎮(zhèn)定)even when facing great challenges.13）是否我們將要到國外去開闊視野還有待決定。（從句在前+從句在后）GrammarPart A選詞填空。when why what where how that whoever which1. team won the contest has been reported in yesterday's newspaper.2. laughs last laughs best.3. Tommy will come back is still uncertain.4. It hasn't been decided yetI will spend my summer holidays.5. It is importantyou finish the task on time.6. he did is not consistent with what he promised.7. he was late for class is not clear.8. It is a public concernthe central government makes the housing pricesfall.PartB句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. Enough practice in learning English matters most.matters most in learning English is enough practice.2. The boy surprised us all, for he finished writing the composition in such a shorttime.the boy finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised usall.3- Anyone who leaves the room last ought to lock the door.leaves the room last ought to lock the door.4. How did he manage to get there? It was a puzzle.to get there was a puzzle.5. Helen wasn't invented to the party. What a pity.Helen wasn't invited to the party.Part C單項選擇I. Evidence came upspecific speech sounds are recognized by babies as youngas six months old.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. when2.1 haven't decidedhotel to stay at.A. whichB. whatC. at whichD. where3. surprises most of us.A. Wolves are afraid of usB. The fact that wolves afraid menC. The fact that wolves are afraid of menD. Wolves5 afraid of men4. The announcement all flight were cancelled because of bad weathergreatly distressed the waiting passengers.A. thatB. whichC. whyD. of which5. The question iscan be put into practice.A. how you have learnedB. how what you have learnedC. that why you have learnedD. how that you have learned6. A hinge joint ispermits the forwards and backward movement of a door.A. thatB. whatC. those D. which7. One reason why Hamlet is such a successful play is that.A. it appeals differently to peopleB. different people are appealedC. it appeals to many different peopleD. people find it appealing to them very much8. A more important question isthese ideas are well or ill founded.A. where B. whenC. how D. whether9.1 think it is ou are doing too much.A. because of B. becauseC. because that D. because for10. No one could understandA. that he was talking aboutB. what he was talking aboutC. he was talking aboutD. which he was talkingII. “Call the restaurant and ask for information"I don't rememberA. who I should speakB. whom should I speak withC. with whom I should speakD. who should I speak with12. is where he gets all his money form.A. What I cannot understand itB. That I can't understand itC. What I can't understandD. Which I can't understand it13. Who doubtsit is true?A. thatB. ifC. whichD. such14. Even the mountains here are no longerthey used to be.A. the sameB. whichC. thatD. what15. The reason he is ill ishe ate too much.A. due toB. thatC. sinceD. becauseExercisePart A Cloze TestThe back door of the ambulance（救護(hù)車）was suddenly shut and the driver ran tothe front, jumped into his seat, and started the engine. Inside were the36parents, Mr. and Mrs. Green, the mother holding their baby daughter Ally. The littlegirl had37food stuck in her throat and could hardly breathe.The driver, Mr. white, 38 his sirenG艮警器）and flashing light, and startedspeeding towards the nearest hospital, fighting against 39. The cars ahead ofhim pulled out of the way as he drove through the40 From the back of the41the parents were shouting at him to42, since Ally had almost stopped43 In front of him he saw some traffic lights, with the red “STOP" light shining.Mr. White knew that he had no time to _ 44, so he drove straight past the trafficlights, looking45his left and right as he did so.Coming towards him from his right was a taxi. The driver had the windows46, since the car was air-conditioned, and he was playing his radio. He did not47 the ambulance. The lights were green, so he drove straight48into thepath of the ambulance.Mr. White tried to stop his ambulance but it was too late. It hit the taxi.Everybody was shaken but no one was hurt. Mr. White looked to see49littleAlly was. He was astonished to see relief instead of50on the faces of theparents.“Look!” cried Mrs. Green. "She is _51 again.”“It must have been the52said her husband. uIt53the food out ofher throat.” The baby's color was turning to _54 , and she was crying in a loudbut healthy _55.They were all joyful, and quite forgot about the accident, the taxi, and the lines ofcars all around them.36. A. worriedB. angryC. happyD. surprised37. A. littleB. someC. noD. few38. A. opened onB. turned onC. turned offD. sped up39. A. policeB. lifeC. lightsD. time40. A. empty streetB. busy trafficC. large crowdsD. deserted place41. A. streetB. carsC. trafficD. ambulance42. A. hurryB. slowC. stopD. drive43. A. breathingB. lookingC. whisperingD. talking44. A. thinkB. ignoreC.loseD. miss45- A. atB. fromC. forwardD. to46. A. openB. cleanC. upD. down47. A. hearB. seeC. findD. notice48. A. awayB. onC. offD. out49. A. howB. whatC. whereD. who50. A. pleasureB. angerC. fearD. surprise51. A. cryingB. breathingC. smilingD. speaking52. A. lightB. policemanC. carD. crash53. A. tookB. pickedC. knockedD. made54. A. usualB. commonC. ordinaryD. normal55. A. soundB. voiceC. toneD. noisePart B ReadingCold weather has a great effect on how our minds and our bodies work. Maybethat is why there are so many expressions that use the word “cold”.For centuries, the body's blood has been linked closely with the emotions. Peoplewho show no human emotions or feelings, for example, are said to be cold-blooded.They may do brutal things to others, and not by accident.Cold can affect other parts of the body. The feet, for example. Heavy socks canwarm you feet, if your feet are really cold. But there is an expression-to get cold feet-that has nothing to do with cold or you feet.The expression means being afraid to do something you had decided to do. Forexample, you agree to be president of an organization. But then you learn that all theother officers have resigned. All the work of the organization will be yourresponsibility. You are likely to get cold feet about being president when youunderstand the situation.Cold can also affect your shoulder.You give someone the cold shoulder when you refuse to speak to them. Youtreat them in a distant, cold way. The expression probably comes from the physicalact of turning your back toward someone, instead of speaking to him face-to-face.You may give a cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise he made to you.Or, to someone who has lied about you to others.A cold fish is not a fish. It is a person. But it is a person who is unfriendly,unemotional and shows no love or warmth. A cold fish does not offer much of himselfto anyone.Someone who is a cold fish could be cold-hearted. Now a cold-hearted person issomeone who has no sympathy. Several popular songs in recent years were aboutcold-hearted men or cold-hearted women who, without feeling, broke the hearts oftheir lovers.Out in the cold is an expression often heard. It means not getting something thateverybody else got. A person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise andthat he was left out in the cold. And it is not a pleasant place to be.45. If your friend promised to help you, but he didn't do that at all,.A. He was cold-hearted B. He was cold-blooded