語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題突破第一部分第一部分專(zhuān)題一名詞、冠詞和代詞專(zhuān)題一名詞、冠詞和代詞第第3講代詞講代詞 1(2016全國(guó)卷)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by 68._(it) mother. 【解析】mother是名詞，故此處填it的形容詞性物主代詞its。 2(2016全國(guó)卷)Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily. 【解析】由前文可知，餐館是“我”叔叔的，故將our改為his。 【答案】ourhis 3(2016全國(guó)卷)The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. 【解析】do后缺賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)將how改為what。 【答案】howwhat典題在線its 4(2016全國(guó)卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. 【解析】由前面的we go on a trip和we can broaden可知，應(yīng)把your改為our。 【答案】yourour 5(2016全國(guó)卷)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. 【解析】cost表示“花費(fèi)(時(shí)間、金錢(qián)等)”時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞，故用much。 【答案】manymuch 6(2016全國(guó)卷)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. 【解析】此處談?wù)摰亩际恰拔摇钡氖虑椤?【答案】yourselfmyself 7(2016全國(guó)卷)At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. 【解析】句意：最終，我還是要一個(gè)人，但我仍然想在我需要幫助的任何時(shí)候有父母可以求助。 【答案】need前加I 一、人稱(chēng)代詞的四大常識(shí) 人稱(chēng)代詞有主格和賓格之分，主格在句中通常作主語(yǔ)，賓格在句中作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)等成分。但應(yīng)注意以下四種情況： 1作主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)代詞如果孤立地使用于無(wú)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子中，或在這種句子中與動(dòng)詞不定式連用，常用賓格。 Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Why me? John is sitting there doing nothing.核心考點(diǎn) 2句子中代詞作賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，與所替代的名詞在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、格以及意義上一般要保持前后一致。 The thief was thought to be he. (the thief是主格，故用he替代) They took me to be her.他們誤以為我是她。(me是賓格，故用her替代) 3作表語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)代詞一般用賓格，但在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分代詞的格不變。 I met her in the hospital. It was her who I met in the hospital. 4在比較級(jí)的句子中than、as后用主格、賓格都可以。如：He is taller than me (I)但在下列句子中有區(qū)別： I like Jack as much as her.I like both Jack and her. I like Jack as much as she.I like Jack and she likes him, too. 三、反身代詞的三種句法功能 1作賓語(yǔ) (1)常用在to, by, for，of，in，between，among等介詞后。 You shouldnt keep the story to yourself. 你不應(yīng)該獨(dú)享這個(gè)故事。(to oneself獨(dú)自享用) You shouldnt leave the child by himself at home. 你不應(yīng)把孩子獨(dú)自留在家里。(by oneself獨(dú)自) One should not live only for oneself. 人不應(yīng)該單為自己而活。(for oneself為自己) We dont need to call him; he will wake up of himself. 我們沒(méi)必要叫他，他自己會(huì)醒的。(of oneself自動(dòng)地) (2)用來(lái)構(gòu)成固定搭配 apply oneself致力于 behave oneself 表現(xiàn)得體，有禮貌 boast oneself 自夸 come to oneself 蘇醒 devote oneself to 致力于 dress oneself 自己穿衣 enjoy oneself 過(guò)得愉快 help oneself to 自用；依靠自己 hide oneself 把自己藏起來(lái) make yourself at home 不拘束 say to oneself 心里想 seat oneself 坐下 teach oneself 自學(xué) 2作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ) 用于be，feel，seem，look等后作表語(yǔ)，表示身體或精神處于正常狀態(tài)；用作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，主要用于加強(qiáng)被修飾詞的語(yǔ)氣，可緊跟在被修飾名詞后或句末。 I am not feeling myself today, not serious, though. 我今天不太舒服，但不嚴(yán)重。 I made them myself with red silk threads, cloth and other materials. 它們是我自己用紅絲線、布條和其他材料制成的。 四、it的用法 1作人稱(chēng)代詞，用來(lái)指代事物或上文提到過(guò)的內(nèi)容。 The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in. 史密斯一家買(mǎi)了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。 2當(dāng)說(shuō)話者不清楚或沒(méi)必要知道說(shuō)話對(duì)象的性別時(shí)，也可用it來(lái)表示。 Someone is knocking at the door. Who can it be? 有人在敲門(mén)。有可能是誰(shuí)呢？ 3指天氣、時(shí)間、距離、環(huán)境等。 It often rains here in summer.(表示天氣) 這里夏天經(jīng)常下雨。 It is twenty miles from here to the village.(表示距離) 從這里到那個(gè)村莊有20英里的路程。 4用作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。常用于下列句型： (1)it作形式主語(yǔ)的常用句型： Itbeadj./n.(for/of sb.)不定式 It is important for us to know our limitations. 對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)知道我們的局限性是很重要的。 It is no good/no use/useless doing sth. It is no use crying over the spilt milk. 覆水難收。 Its (well) worth doing If a things worth doing, its worth doing well. 如果一件事值得做， 那么這件事就值得好好做。 Itbe名詞詞組(a pity/a fact/no wonder/)/adj.that從句 It is a pity that you failed to pass the driving test. 真遺憾你沒(méi)通過(guò)駕照考試。 It特殊動(dòng)詞(seems/appears/turned out/occurred to sb./)that從句 Suddenly it occurred to Majorcans that the island no longer belonged to them. 馬略卡島上的人們忽然意識(shí)到這個(gè)島嶼不再屬于他們。 Itbe過(guò)去分詞that從句 It is reported that a terrible earthquake happened in this area. 據(jù)報(bào)道，該地區(qū)發(fā)生了一次可怕的地震。 Ittakes/took(sb.) some time/some money to do sth. It took the baby an hour or so to calm down. 小寶寶鬧了大約一小時(shí)才平靜下來(lái)。 (2)it作形式賓語(yǔ)的常用句型： 主語(yǔ)think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keepitadj./n.(for/of sb.)to do/that從句 Whats worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules. 更糟的是，一些司機(jī)、騎自行車(chē)者和行人不認(rèn)為遵守交通規(guī)則重要。 主語(yǔ)think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keepituseless/worth/ worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time(money/energy)doing I feel it a waste of time discussing the thing with him. 我覺(jué)得和他討論這件事是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 主語(yǔ)think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keepitimportant/necessary/natural/ essentialthat(should) do I believe it necessary that you (should) go over your homework before you hand it in. 我認(rèn)為你有必要在交作業(yè)之前先檢查一遍。 5用于固定搭配中。 make it成功 hate/like/enjoy it that討厭/喜歡 I cant help it我沒(méi)有辦法 if I can help it如果我有辦法 when it comes to當(dāng)涉及時(shí) rely on/depend on/count on it that相信 as sb.puts it正如某人所說(shuō) I would appreciate it if如果，我將不勝感激五、幾組常見(jiàn)代詞的辨析 1both, all, either, any, neither, none Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like either of them very much. 我在紐約和芝加哥住過(guò)，但它們中的任何一個(gè)我都不喜歡。 Because Henry and Mark had to work, neither of them came yesterday. 因?yàn)楹嗬婉R克要工作，所以昨天兩人都沒(méi)來(lái)。詞義指代都任何都不兩個(gè)人或物botheitherneither三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物；不可數(shù)名詞allanynone 2one，ones，the one，the ones，that，those的區(qū)別替代onea/an單數(shù)名詞ones零冠詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞the onethe單數(shù)名詞the onesthe復(fù)數(shù)名詞thatthe單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞(尤其是有后置定語(yǔ)時(shí))thosethe復(fù)數(shù)名詞(尤其是有后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)) The book on the desk is better than the one/that(the book) under the desk. 桌上的那本書(shū)比桌下的那本書(shū)要好。(the one/that代替“the單數(shù)名詞”) The books on the desk are better than the ones/those(the books) under the desk. 桌子上那些書(shū)比桌子底下那些書(shū)好。(the ones/those代替“the復(fù)數(shù)名詞”) 3other，the other，another，others，the othersother不能單獨(dú)使用，只能修飾名詞，表示泛指意義the other可單獨(dú)使用，特指兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”；常與one連用，構(gòu)成onethe other一個(gè)另一個(gè)，也可修飾名詞表示“另外的”another可單獨(dú)使用，也可修飾名詞，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個(gè)”，代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。另外，another后可接“基數(shù)詞/few復(fù)數(shù)名詞”形式，表示“另外的(多少)”others單獨(dú)使用，表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some一起出現(xiàn)the others意為“剩余的一些” Neither side is prepared to talk to the other unless we can smooth things over between them. 除非我們能夠消除他們之間的矛盾，否則他們雙方都不打算與對(duì)方講話。 I sat on the edge of the street and watched enviously the other boys on the block play baseball. 我坐在街道旁，羨慕地看著其他男孩在街上打棒球。 1語(yǔ)法填空中，通過(guò)分析句子成分確定填什么詞。如果句中缺主語(yǔ)，則可能填人稱(chēng)代詞主格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it；如果缺賓語(yǔ)，則可能填人稱(chēng)代詞賓格；如果賓語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)是指同一人，則應(yīng)用反身代詞。如果是物主代詞，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)用名詞性物主代詞；在名詞前作定語(yǔ)只能用形容詞性物主代詞。 2短文改錯(cuò)中，要注意人稱(chēng)代詞格的誤用，以及物主代詞、反身代詞或疑問(wèn)代詞等的錯(cuò)用。 3理清短文中代詞的指代關(guān)系，注意聯(lián)系上下文，還要注意人稱(chēng)一致、單復(fù)數(shù)一致以及性別的一致等。 4根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷句子是否為it的特殊句式，it作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)或用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句式中。狀元策略對(duì)點(diǎn)鞏固專(zhuān)題對(duì)點(diǎn)特訓(xùn)專(zhuān)題對(duì)點(diǎn)特訓(xùn)