GRAMMARGRAMMARAttributive Clauses with Attributive Clauses with Relative Adverbs Relative Adverbs or Prepositions or PrepositionsPage 54Finding the rule1. That is the library. She works there.That is the library _ she works.where2. I remember the day. I met him then.I remember the day _ I met him.whenI dont know the reason _ he was late.why3. I dont know the reason. Why was he late?We use relative adverbs(關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞) where, when, why to join simple sentences together when we mean at that place, at that time or for that reason.注意：此時(shí)定語從句中不可再注意：此時(shí)定語從句中不可再出現(xiàn)表示地點(diǎn)的詞。出現(xiàn)表示地點(diǎn)的詞。where作關(guān)系副詞。當(dāng)先行詞是表示作關(guān)系副詞。當(dāng)先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)的名詞，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語狀語時(shí)，定語從句用關(guān)系副詞時(shí)，定語從句用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。This is a place. The Sound of Music was born there.This is the place where the Sound of Music was born.where換換 成成 thethe去掉去掉thereThis was a place. An earthquake happened there.This was the place where an earthquake happened.換換 成成 thethe去掉去掉therecase(情況情況) situation(形勢形勢) occasion(場合場合) point (地步地步)做先行詞時(shí)，定語從句也用做先行詞時(shí)，定語從句也用where 引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。This is a case(情況情況). One needs to be brave in the case.This is the case where one needs to be brave.I have come to the point (地步地步). I cant stand him at the point. I have come to the point (地步地步) where I cant stand him. when做關(guān)系副詞。先行詞是表做關(guān)系副詞。先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞，在定語從句中示時(shí)間的名詞，在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，定語從句用關(guān)做時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，定語從句用關(guān)系副詞系副詞when引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。注意：此時(shí)定語從句中不可再注意：此時(shí)定語從句中不可再出現(xiàn)表示時(shí)間的詞。出現(xiàn)表示時(shí)間的詞。This is a time.The World War Two broke out then.This is the time when the World War Two broke out.換換 成成 thethe去去 掉掉thenwhy作關(guān)系副詞。當(dāng)先行詞作關(guān)系副詞。當(dāng)先行詞是是reason,在定語從句中做原在定語從句中做原因狀語時(shí)，定語從句用關(guān)系因狀語時(shí)，定語從句用關(guān)系副詞副詞why引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。Can you tell me the reason why the big fire broke out in Russia?the reason why1. They went to a museum. A new model plane was on show in it.They went to the museum where a new model plane was on show.將各題中的兩句話合并成含有定語從句將各題中的兩句話合并成含有定語從句的一個(gè)句子。的一個(gè)句子。練練 習(xí)習(xí)2.We visited a house. Luxun was born in the house.We visited the house where Luxun was born.3. There came a day. The rain fell at last then.There came the day when the rain fell at last.4. This is the hour. The place is always full of women and children then.This is the hour when the place is always full of women and children.5. This is the reason _ he was late. A. that B. which C. why D. when 6. The police couldnt tell the reason _ he was murdered. A. why B. which C. in which D. that 4. He is a boss. I work for him.He is the boss whom I work for. for whom I work.5.This is a house. Mr. Li lives here.This is the house where Mr. Li lives. in which Mr. Li lives.Page 54Sometimes we put a preposition before a relative pronoun to join two simple sentences.介詞介詞+關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句 1.whom, which 作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞一般可作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞一般可放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在原來的位置放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在原來的位置上；但是在含有上；但是在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定詞組介詞的動(dòng)詞固定詞組中，中，介詞只能放在原來的位置上。介詞只能放在原來的位置上。 This is the person whom you are looking for. = This is the person for whom you are looking.當(dāng)這類句子中的介詞放在從句的末當(dāng)這類句子中的介詞放在從句的末尾，這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可用尾，這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可用that、who、which、who,也可省略。也可省略。This is the person (whom/that/who) you are going to work with .This is the house (which/that) he lives in.When=介介+whichThat is the day when he did the experiment. 那是他做實(shí)驗(yàn)的那一天。那是他做實(shí)驗(yàn)的那一天。 on whichwhere=介介+which This is the factory where I used to work. 這是我曾經(jīng)工作的廠。這是我曾經(jīng)工作的廠。 in which why = for which This is the reason why he was late. 這是他遲到的原因。這是他遲到的原因。 for which注意：注意：如何選用結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞如何選用結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞根據(jù)從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配on which I spent five Yuan .for which I paid five Yuan This is the book from which I learnt a lotin which there are few new words about which Tom often talks 根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣 the day on which I join the league.I still remember the days during which I lived in the country. the years in which I stayed there.He likes living alone, and says that he wants to go and live in a place _ nobody knows.A. where B. that C. when D. what地點(diǎn)名詞一定要用地點(diǎn)名詞一定要用where引導(dǎo)定語從句嗎引導(dǎo)定語從句嗎? 時(shí)間名詞一定要用時(shí)間名詞一定要用 whenwhen引導(dǎo)定語從句嗎？引導(dǎo)定語從句嗎？ In the years that (which) followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it. 在這之后的幾年中，馬克思繼續(xù)學(xué)在這之后的幾年中，馬克思繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和使用英語。習(xí)和使用英語。(that作定語從句作定語從句that followed的主語的主語)the reason后一定要用后一定要用why引導(dǎo)定語從句嗎引導(dǎo)定語從句嗎? I cant remember the reason ( that / which) the teacher told us.我不記得老師告訴我們的理由了。我不記得老師告訴我們的理由了。先行詞先行詞reason做做told的賓語的賓語 關(guān)鍵是看定語從句是關(guān)鍵是看定語從句是否缺主語或賓語，若否缺主語或賓語，若缺主缺主語或賓語語或賓語則用則用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞，若若不缺主語或賓語不缺主語或賓語則用則用關(guān)關(guān)系副詞系副詞。(1) This is the room _ I lived ten years ago.A. that B. where C. who D. what(2) This is the room _ I lived in ten years ago.A. that B. where C. who D. what(3) This is the room _ I bought ten years ago.A. that B. where C. who D. what(4) This is the room _ I visited ten years ago.A. that B. where C. who D. what(3) This is the year _ I was born. A. which B. when C. on which D. that(4) The day _ the students go back home is coming soon. A. in that B. on which C. that D. whichApplying the rule1. Answers.1) He arrived in Shanghai last Sunday when I left.2) I will tell you the reason why he turned down the job.3) That is the book about which I have told you. (which/that) I have told you about.4)Yangliwei saw the earth where we live in space. (on which we live) (which/that we live on)5) He is going to visit the village where he was born and brought up.( in which he was born and brought up)(which/that he was born and brought up in)2. Answerswhen / whose/why/where / in whichwhich /which / that3. Correct or wrong.1) The earth on that we are now living came into being long ago.whichwhich“that” cannot be used after a preposition, only “which” and “whom” can. 2) The fairy story I am reading is very interesting. Which, whom, who or that used as an object in a relative clause can be omitted.3) He laughs last laughs longest.whowhoWhich, who, that used as a subject in a relative clause Cannot be omitted.“whose” can be used to represent both a person or a thing.4) The book whose front cover is red is my book.5) All the yellow leaves which had fallen were swept away by the strong wind.thatthatWhen all, much, little no, any, some, or none, etc. goes before the antecedent in the main clause, that will be used instead of which.6) This is one of the most exciting football games which I have ever seen.thatthatWhen the superlative degree(比較比較級級) of an adjective goes before the antecedent in the main clause, that will be used instead of which.