.48個國際音標表及發(fā)音規(guī)則48個國際音標表元音12個單元音長元音i: u:a:短元音i u e 8個雙元音aiei ii u au輔音10對清輔音ptkfs trts濁輔音bdgvz drdz3個鼻音mn 3個似拼音hrl2個半元音wj/i/-發(fā)音要領(lǐng)的是：舌尖抵下齒，舌前部抬高，舌兩側(cè)抵上齒兩側(cè)，口形偏平。/i:/-發(fā)音要領(lǐng)是發(fā)音時舌尖抵下齒，前舌盡量抬高、舌位高于/i/：口形扁平。/e/-發(fā)音時舌尖抵下齒，舌前部稍抬起，舌位比/i:/低；唇形中常，開口度比/i:/大。/ /-發(fā)音時舌尖抵下齒；舌前部稍抬高，舌位比/e/更低；雙唇平伸，成扁平形。/ /-/ /是長元音。發(fā)音時口張大，舌身壓低并后縮，后舌稍隆起，舌尖不抵下齒。雙唇稍收圓。/ /-發(fā)音時口張大，舌身盡量降低并后縮，雙唇稍稍收圓。/ /-它是長元音。發(fā)音時舌后部抬得比/ /即美式/ /美式/ /高，雙唇收得更圓更小，并向前突出。/u/-發(fā)音時舌后部抬起，舌身后縮，舌尖離開下齒。雙唇收圓，稍突出。/ /-發(fā)音時舌后部盡量抬起，舌位比/u/即美式讀音/ /英式讀音/ /高。雙唇收圓并突出。口形比/u/ / /稍小。/ /-發(fā)音時舌尖和舌端兩側(cè)輕觸下齒，舌后部靠前部分稍抬起，唇形稍扁，開口度較大，與/ /相似。/ /-/ /是長元音。發(fā)音時舌中部比發(fā)/ /音時略高。雙唇扁平。/ /-/ /是讀短元音。發(fā)音時舌身平放，舌中部略隆起，雙唇扁平。/ei/-先發(fā)/e/音，然后滑向/i/音。雙唇稍扁，口形從半開到合。/ /-它由元音/ /滑向后元音/u/即美音和英音的/ /，舌位由半低到高，口形由半開到小。注意將音發(fā)足。/ai/-/ai/為雙元音。先發(fā)/a/音，然后滑向/i/音。舌尖抵住下齒。發(fā)此音的關(guān)鍵是要把/a/音發(fā)足，注意從開到合的滑動。/au/-/au/或/ /由/a/滑向/u/ /。舌位由低到高，口形由大到小。注意將音發(fā)足。/ i/-發(fā)音時雙唇從圓到扁，口形從開到合。發(fā)好這個音的關(guān)鍵是首先要把后元音/a/ / /發(fā)足，然后滑向/i/音。/i /-其發(fā)音要領(lǐng)是從/i/音滑向/ /音，美音則滑向/r/音。前面的/i/發(fā)得較清楚，后面的/ /或/r/較弱。雙唇始終半開。此音一定要發(fā)足。/ /-其發(fā)音方法是從/ /e/音滑向/ /音。發(fā)間時舌端抵下齒，前舌略抬起，雙唇半開，此音中的/ /有似于/e/音，/ /音較輕。/u /-發(fā)音時，嘴唇從收圓到半開。發(fā)好這個音的關(guān)鍵是首先要把/u/ /音發(fā)足，然后滑向/ /音。/p/ /b/-/p/是p的發(fā)音，/b/是b的發(fā)音。雙唇爆破輔音。發(fā)音時雙唇緊閉，憋住氣，然后突灰分開，氣流沖出口腔，發(fā)出爆破音。/p/是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/b/是濁輔音，聲帶振動。/t/ /d/-/t/是t的發(fā)音，/d/是d的發(fā)音。舌齒爆破輔音。發(fā)音時舌尖抵上齒齦，憋住氣，然后突然分開，使氣流沖出口腔，發(fā)出爆破音。/t/是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/d/是濁輔音，聲帶振動。/k/ / /-/k/是字母k和字母c的發(fā)音，/ /是字母g的讀音。舌后軟顎爆破輔音。發(fā)音時舌后部隆起緊貼軟顎，憋住氣，然后突然分開，氣流送出口腔，形成爆破音。/k/是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/ /是濁輔音，聲帶振動。/f/ /v/-/f/是f和ph的發(fā)音，/v/是v的發(fā)音。唇齒摩擦輔音。發(fā)音時下唇輕觸上齒，氣流由唇齒間通過，形成摩擦音。/f/是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/v/是濁輔音，聲帶振動。/ / / /-/ / /是th的發(fā)音。舌齒摩擦輔音。發(fā)音時舌尖輕觸上齒背，氣流由舌齒間送出，形成摩擦音。/ /是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/ /是濁輔音，聲帶振動。/s/ /z/-/s/z/是s的發(fā)音，/z/又是z的發(fā)音。舌齒摩擦輔音。發(fā)音時舌端靠近齒齦，氣流由舌端齒齦間送出，形成摩擦音。/s/是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/z/是濁浦音，聲帶振動。/ / /-/是sh的發(fā)音，/ /是s的發(fā)音。舌端齒齦后部摩擦輔音。發(fā)音時舌端靠近齒齦后部，舌身抬起靠近上鄂，雙唇稍收圓并略突出。氣流通過時形成摩擦音。/是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/ /是濁輔音，聲帶振動。/h/-/h/是字母h的發(fā)音。聲門摩擦輔音。發(fā)音時氣流送出口腔，在通過聲門時發(fā)出輕微摩擦；口形隨其后的元音而變化。/h/是清輔音，聲帶不振動。/m/-/m/是m的發(fā)音。雙唇鼻輔音。發(fā)音時軟顎下垂，雙唇緊閉，氣流從鼻腔送出。/n/-/n/是n的發(fā)音。舌尖齒齦鼻輔音。發(fā)音時舌尖抵上齒齦，軟顎下垂，氣流從鼻腔送出。/ /-/ /是ng的發(fā)音。舌后軟顎鼻輔音。發(fā)音時軟顎下垂，堵住口腔通道，氣流從鼻腔送出。聲帶振動。/w/-/w/是w的發(fā)音。舌后軟顎半元音。發(fā)音時舌后部向軟顎抬起，舌位高。雙唇收小并向前突出，聲帶振動。發(fā)音短促，立刻滑向其后的元音。/l/-/l/是l的發(fā)音。舌端齒齦邊輔音。發(fā)音時舌尖及舌端緊貼上齒齦，舌前向硬顎抬起，氣流從舌的旁邊送出。當(dāng)此音為尾音時，將舌端抵住上齒齦，舌前下限，舌后上抬，舌面形成凹形。濁輔音、聲帶振動。/r/-/r/是r的發(fā)音。舌尖齒齦(后部)摩擦輔音。發(fā)音時舌尖卷起，靠近上齒齦后部。舌兩側(cè)稍收擾。雙唇略突出。氣流通過舌尖和齒齦形成輕微摩擦。濁輔音，聲帶振動。/j/-/j/傳統(tǒng)的國際音標的讀音符號該音是國音字母y在詞首的讀音，是舌前硬顎半元音。發(fā)音時舌前部向硬顎盡量抬起，舌位較高，雙唇伸展成扁平狀。它是個濁輔音，聲帶振動。/ /-/ /是ch的發(fā)音，/ /是dge的發(fā)音。舌端齒齦破擦輔音。發(fā)音時舌身抬高，舌端抵上齒齦后部，氣流通過時發(fā)出破擦音。/ /是清輔音，聲帶不振動；/ /是濁輔音，聲帶振動。/ts/ /dz/傳統(tǒng)的國際音標讀音符號，新課本中美式、英式讀音都沒將其包括在內(nèi)，破擦音/ts/、/dz/分別是字母組合ts和ds的讀音。舌端齒齦破擦輔音。舌端先貼住齒齦，堵住氣流，然后略下降，氣流送出口腔。/ts/是清輔音，/dz/是濁輔音。/tr/ /dr/傳統(tǒng)的國際音標讀音符號。新課本中美式、英式讀音都沒將其包括在內(nèi)。/tr/、/dr/分別是tr、dr的發(fā)音。齒齦后部破擦輔音。發(fā)音時舌身與/r/相似，舌尖貼齒齦后部，氣流沖破阻礙發(fā)出短促的/t/后立即發(fā)/r/。/tr/是清輔音，/dr/是濁輔音。i:字母組合 ee ea e ie -three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece發(fā)音字母 a-bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall mane字母組合 ea e a-head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 字母組合ir ur ear er or-girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard字母組合 er or ou ar o a e u-teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson control around account ago elephant manta banana Canadaa: 字母組合 ar a-car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm 發(fā)音字母 u o ou oo-up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood 字母組合 al or au our ar-small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 發(fā)音字母 o a-hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash watchu:字母組合 oo o u-food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full prudeu字母組合 oo ou u o-look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolfei發(fā)音字母 a ay ea ai ey-name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they greyai發(fā)音字母 i y-bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eyeau字母組合 ou ow-house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town 發(fā)音字母 o ow oa-home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goali 字母組合 eer ear-beer deerear near here fierce idea 字母組合ear air ere-pear bear chair air fair there where careu 字母組合our ower-hour tour flower showert tree two ten ton town twenty cityd door dull desk dose do dog dictionaryk king kite key look cook book kitchen skyg girl good goal goat grade long languagem man make moon morning move come combn pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean uncle bank English think thank junksing king morningl long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soulr read red right run room writef five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh roughv very evening even every voice vest ofs six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarfz zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those that this those these though sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attentionh hot hop home house horse how whow when what where window wind woodj yes year yell you your yolk yellow child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junktr tree country try treat track trunkdr dry dream drop drive drinkts students boots boats goats nutsdz goods woods moods hoods26個英文字母及發(fā)音音標如下:A aeiB bbi:C csi:D ddi:E ei:F fefG gd3i:H heitI iaiJ jd3eiK kkeiL lelM memN nenO ouP ppi:Q qkju:R r:S sesT tti:U uju:V vvi:W wdblju:X xeksY ywaiZ zzi:zed精選word范本！英語發(fā)音規(guī)則一,元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字母 讀 音 例 詞 a 在開音節(jié)中 ei name plane Jane baby cake 在閉音節(jié)中 bag dad hat map black back e 在開音節(jié)中 i: he these me Chinese 在閉音節(jié)中 e bed let pen desk yes egg i 在開音節(jié)中 ai bike fly drive time nice kite 在閉音節(jié)中 i fish big drink sit milk swim o 在開音節(jié)中 Eu those close go hoe home no 在閉音節(jié)中 C clock not box shop sock u 在開音節(jié)中 ju: student excuse duty Tuesday 在閉音節(jié)中 Q bus cup jump much lunch 在開音節(jié)中,元音字母u在輔音字母j l r s后面時讀u:音,例如:June blue ruler super 二,元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字母 讀 音 例 詞 a E China another woman breakfast i orange comrade village cabbage e E hundred student open weekend i chicken pocket begin children i E/i holiday beautiful family animal ai exercise satellite o E second tonight somebody welcome Eu also zero photo u E autumn diffcult ju: popular congratulation January 動詞中的a如果處在開音節(jié)位置,a讀ei音,例如:operate u處在開音節(jié)位置,又在輔音字母j l r s后面時,讀u(:)音,例如:July influence February issue 三,元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中的特殊讀音 元音字母 讀 音 例 詞 a在w音后面 C want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 a: after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd -ld和gh前 ai find child light high o在-st -ld前 Eu most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 Q come monkey love mother 四,-r音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字組 讀 音 例 詞 ar ar在w音后面 a: car farm dark sharpener C:warm quarter towards or or在w音后面 C: forty morning short E: word worker worse er ir ur E: certainly bird Thursday 輔音字母r雙寫時,前面的元音字母不能與r構(gòu)成-r音節(jié),而是按重讀閉音節(jié)的拼讀規(guī)則發(fā)音.例如: carry sorry hurry -r音節(jié)在非重讀音節(jié)中通常讀E音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday 五,-re音節(jié)元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字組 讀 音 例 詞 are a:E care dare hare ere iE here mere ire aiE fire hire wire ore C: more score before ure ju:E pure cure are ere ire ore很少出現(xiàn)在非重讀音節(jié)中,ure在非重讀音節(jié)中讀E音,例如:picture pleasure 重讀元音字母加Rr,再加非重讀元字組時,重讀元音字母應(yīng)按-re音節(jié)拼讀規(guī)則拼讀,字母Rr讀r音. 例如:parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用詞及多音節(jié)詞經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)長音短化現(xiàn)象. 例如:orange very American paragraph 六,元音字組在重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 元音字組 讀 音 例 詞 ai/ay ei afraid rain wait day play air aiE air hair chair pair repair al在f m前 C small ball talk wall all C:l always also salt almost bald a:half calm au/aw C: autumn daughter draw ea i: teach easy cheap please e heavy bread sweater weather ei break great ear iE hear dear near clear year E bear pear wear E: earth learn early ee i: jeep week green three iE pioneer deer beer ei/ey ei eight neighbour they i: either key eu/ew在 j l r s后 ju: new few newspaper u: flew brew ie/eis音之后 i: piece field receive oa Eu coat Joan boat goal oar/oor C: roar board door floor oi/oy Ci noise point boy toilet oo u: broom food tooth school u book look cook foot good ou/ow au flower house count down Eu know row throw though Q young country enough u: group you soup our C: course your four auE our hour ours C: journey ui 在j l r s后 ju:i fluid suicide tuition u: juice fruit suit 七,非重讀音節(jié)中元音字組和字群的讀音 元音字組或字群 讀 音 例 詞 ai/ay ei/ey i Sunday foreign monkey ow Eu yellow sparrow tomorrow 元音字組在非重讀音節(jié)中讀E音或i. 例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee -sion -tion Fn impression nation -sion在元音字母后 Vn vision decision occasion -tion在s后 tFE n question suggestion -sten sn listen -stle sl whistle -sure VE pleasure measure -ture tFE picture culture 八,元字組在復(fù)合詞非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音 復(fù)合詞中的第二部分不標注重音符號,但其中的元音字母或元音字組仍按重讀音節(jié)拼讀規(guī)則拼讀. 例如: everydayei handbag blackboardC: 有些詞隨著語言的發(fā)展,前后兩部分已失去其單獨存在的意義,融合成為一個詞.其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節(jié)的讀音規(guī)則發(fā)音. 例如: sun太陽 + dayei日子 > Sundayi 星期天 holy神圣 + dayei日子 > holidayi 假日 break中斷 + fasta:齋戒 > breakfastE 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板C: > cupboardE 碗柜 九,輔字組的讀音 輔字組 讀 音 例 詞 b b bike bus bag / bomb tomb c c在e前或在i/y前 k cake picture coat music s face decide cinema ch tF much chick rich teacher k school headache chemistry F machine -ck k cock pocket black knock d d doctor bread hand day -dge dV bridge fridge dr- dr children driver drink f f five four breakfast g g在e i/y前 bag gardon go dV orange large German gh f cough enough /light daughter high gu- -gue gu在非重讀音節(jié)中 guess league dialogue w language anguish h h hot head house hand / hour honest j dVjeep jar joke join July k k kind bike skate make week kn- n knife know knock l l life milk school tall m m monkey come autumn -mn m autumn column n n在k g音前 n not shine ten note N uncle thank hungry -ng N morning young wrong p p paper plane pig ship pen ph f elephant photo telephone q k Iraq qu- kw quality quiterr red rubber ruler s在詞首或清輔音前 元音字母間或濁輔音前 s sit sleep desk z music husband sc- sk scarlet smuscle science sh F she fish shirt wash t在通常情況下 在弱讀字母ia ie io前 t ten letter meet Fpatient nation tch tF watch th在通常情況下 在冠詞 代詞 介詞 連詞中 在詞尾-the -ther中 thin thirty method T the these with than T clothe father weather tr- tr tree train country truck v v very voice love leavew w week win wake sweet wait / answer two wh- wh-在字母o前 w what when white why hwho whose whole x 在重讀元音前 ks box text exercise gz examle exist exact wr- r write y- j yes yard yellow young z z puzzle zero zoo 重讀音節(jié) 單詞中讀音特別響亮的音節(jié).用音標標記雙音節(jié),多音節(jié)詞的讀音時,應(yīng)使用重讀符號.單音節(jié)詞多數(shù)是重讀音節(jié),標記讀音時不需要使用重讀符號. 開音節(jié) 絕對開音節(jié):單個元音字母后面沒有輔字組的重讀音節(jié).例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.相對開音節(jié):單個元音字母后面加單個輔音字母,再加一個不發(fā)音字母e構(gòu)成的重讀音節(jié).例如:name these bike home ex-cuse. 閉音節(jié) 單個元音字母后面有輔字組(r w y 除外)且以輔字組結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié).例如:bag egg fish not cup 多音節(jié)詞重讀規(guī)則 多音節(jié)詞通常在倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)重讀. 例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion 詞尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的詞,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一個音節(jié)上重讀.例如:scien tific im pression nation