高三英語語法復習高三英語語法復習u定義定義: 用來修飾一個詞的 在語法上叫定語從句。這個被修飾的詞叫。定語從句須放在被修飾詞的。u分類：分類：定語從句分為和。明顯的區(qū)別是的前面有逗號，但在意思上這類定語從句與主句；而與主句不可分割。句子句子先行詞先行詞后面后面限制性定語從句限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句聯(lián)系不緊密，可以分割聯(lián)系不緊密，可以分割限制性定語從句限制性定語從句關系代詞修飾成分（從句）省略whichthatwhowhomwhose物物人、物人、物人人人人人、物人、物主、賓語主、賓語主、賓語主、賓語主、賓語主、賓語賓語賓語定語定語在從句中作賓語時可以省略在從句中作賓語時可以省略u連接詞：連接詞：關系副詞修飾成分（從句）省略whenwherewhy表時間的名詞表時間的名詞表地點的名詞表地點的名詞reason在從句中作狀語，從句不能缺主語或賓語在從句中作狀語，從句不能缺主語或賓語不可省略不可省略uthat與與which:用用that或或which 填空：填空：1. Theres much _ can be said about it.2. Thats the very word _ is wrongly used.3. Is this the room in _ Mr White lives?4. This is the third film _ that has been shown in our school this term.5. The most important thing _ should be done now is how to stop him from going on.6. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two _ are still alive.7. Her mother was dead, _ made her very sad.8. Here is the English grammar _, as I have told you, will help improve your English.9. Let me show you the novel _ I borrowed from the library _ was newly open to us.10.The writer and his novel _ you have just talked about are really well known. thatthatwhichthatthatthatwhichwhichthat/whichwhich/thatthatConclusion:以下情況只用which:1. 當關系代詞前面有介詞時。2. 在非限制性定語從句中。3. 當關系代詞后面有插入語時。4. 當一個表物的先行名詞后有兩個定語從句，且第一個已用that。以下情況只用that:1. 被修飾的先行詞為不定代詞all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one。2. 先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, just, very 修飾時。3. 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。4. 先行詞為基數(shù)詞時。5. 先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時。6. 先行詞既有人又有物。7. 前已有which。uthat 、who與與whom用用that 、who或或whom填空填空:1. The person I want to learn from is one _ studies hard and works well.2. Theres a gentleman _ wants to see you.3. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon _ could speak Chinese very well.4. The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor _ is very modest and works very hard.5. I think one should stay faithful to the person to _ one is married.Conclusion:以下情況只能用who: 先行詞為one, ones, anyone, those 指人時。 在there be結構中，主語為人時，其后的定語從句宜用who。 表人的先行詞有較長的后置定語時。 表人的先行詞帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個的關系代詞為that，另一個用who 避免重復。以下情況只能用whom:當關系代詞前面有介詞時。whowhowhowhowhomuwhose用正確的形式填空：用正確的形式填空：1. This is the girl _ wallet was stolen yesterday.2. This is the girl _ the wallet was stolen yesterday.3. I like the book _ cover is red.4. I like the book _ the cover is red.of whomwhosewhoseof whichConclusion:1. whose既可指人又可指物，在從句中作定語，其后緊跟名詞。2. whose +表人的名詞of whom + the + 表人的名詞whose +表物的名詞of which + the + 表物的名詞u介詞關系代詞介詞關系代詞用正確的介詞關系代詞填空：用正確的介詞關系代詞填空：1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.2. His walking-stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.3. The knife, _ we use to cut the bread, is very sharp.4. I dont think the number of people _ this happens is very large.Conclusion:如何判斷是否需要介詞或怎樣選擇介詞：1. 當從句不缺主語或賓語時，可考慮用介詞關系代詞。2. 當確定用介詞關系代詞時，介詞的選用可考慮與從句中動詞的搭配或與先行名詞的搭配。to whomwithout whichwith whichto whomuwhen、where與與why用關系代詞或關系副詞填空用關系代詞或關系副詞填空：1. I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.2. Is this the school _ you visited last week?3. I always remember the time _ we spent together.4. The hospital _ her mother is working is in the west.5. He refused to give a reason _ we all demanded, though.6. I know the reason _ she got so angry.Conclusion:1. 當先行名詞為表時間、地點、原因（reason）的名詞時，如果從句不缺主語或賓語，定語從句的引導詞用when, where, why， 可以轉換為相應的介詞+which。2. 常見的不及物動詞有：work, happen, stay, live, lie, stand, sit, go, come, fly, run, arrive, laugh, fall, hesitate, last, belong, step; 而visit, spend 為及物動詞。 when/ on whichthat/ whichthat/ whichwhere/ in whichthat/ whichwhy/ for which用用when, where 或介詞或介詞+關系代詞填空，并判斷下面從句的類型：關系代詞填空，并判斷下面從句的類型：1. These books are for the students _ native language is not English.（ ）2. We will put off the picnic until next week, _ the weather may be better. （ ）3. He has reached the point _ a change is needed. （ ）4. We havent yet settled the question _ we are going to spend our summer vacation. Maybe Beijing is our best choice. （ ）5. Put in articles in the following passages _ it is necessary. （ ）6. We will put on a performance to celebrate the coming of National Day tomorrow, _ we have finished class. （ ） 7. I have no idea _ I d better visit Mr. Smith tomorrow, who is an American and has a different view of time. （ ）8. This is the teacher _ we have learnt a lot. （ ）9. The film _ Im speaking is to be shown at the cinema next week. （ ）定語從句定語從句whosewhen/ during whichwhere/ at whichwherewherewhenwhenfrom whomof which定語從句定語從句同位語從句同位語從句狀語從句狀語從句狀語從句狀語從句同位語從句同位語從句定語從句定語從句定語從句定語從句定語從句定語從句Conclusion:當主句完整，從句不缺主語或賓語時：1. 如果從句前有可以修飾的名詞，并且此先行名詞為： 表地點、時間的名詞 從句為由where或when 引導的定語從句，此時可等于 相應的介詞+which question/ problem/ idea 從句為疑問副詞引導的同位語從句 其它名詞，并且引導詞后緊接一個與先行名詞構成所屬關系 從句為由whose或of whom/ which 引導的定語從句 其它名詞 從句為由介詞+關系代詞whom/which 的定語從句2. 如果從句前沒有可修飾的名詞，則可考慮從句為狀語從句。 u as1. Such ideas _ he thinks of are worthless. A. that B. as 2. I saw the same dress in the store _ she had on the day before. A. that B. as 3. I found the same pen _ I had lost the day before. A. that B. as4. He was late again, _ we had expected. A. as B. which5. The street hasnt been cleaned for weeks, _ makes it very dirty. A. as B. whichConclusion:1. as 用于用于the same as, suchas的句型中。但的句型中。但the same as指的是與先行詞同類的事物，而指的是與先行詞同類的事物，而the samethat指的是指的是 與先行詞同一的事物。與先行詞同一的事物。2. As還可以修飾一個主句。常譯為還可以修飾一個主句。常譯為“正如正如”,已形成了一些固定已形成了一些固定 搭配，可放在主句之前或之后。如：搭配，可放在主句之前或之后。如：as we all know, as is known to all, as we all see, as is often said, as was usual, as is expected, as is reported, as is hoped 。而。而which也可修飾也可修飾 一個句子，但必須放在主句之后，和主句形成因果關系。一個句子，但必須放在主句之后，和主句形成因果關系。1. I dont like the way _ you speak to her.2. I arrived here the day _ he left.3. He worked hard the whole time _he lived.4. He hurried into the airport the moment _ the plane was about to take off.(in which/ that)(when/ that)(when/ that)(when/ that)Conclusion:1. 當先行詞為way時，定于從句的引導詞可用in which, that或 省略引導詞。2. that 有時可代替when,引導一個定語從句，修飾表示時間的 名詞，如day, time, moment等。 用動詞的正確形式填空：用動詞的正確形式填空：1. I , who _ (be) a student, work hard at my study.2. He takes exercise everyday, which _ (do) a lot of good to his health.3. This is one of the most wonderful novels that _ _ (publish) since 1990.4. He is the only one of the teachers who _ (know) French in our school.Conclusion:1. 定語從句的謂語動詞與從句的主語保持一致。如果關系代詞 在從句中作主語，定于從句的謂語動詞的單復數(shù)與它所修飾 的名詞保持一致。2. 如果先行名詞為一個句子，從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。3. one of the +復數(shù)名詞這一結構后面的定語從句的謂語動詞用 復數(shù)形式。但the (only) one of the +復數(shù)名詞這一結構后面的 定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。amdoeshave been publishedknows單句改錯。下列句子每句只有一處錯誤。單句改錯。下列句子每句只有一處錯誤。1. Some of the boys I invited them didnt come. _2. Those who has finished may leave the classroom. _3. Children eat a lot of sugar often get bad teeth. _4. The house where he lives in needs repairing. _themhashaveeat whoinConclusion:1. 在定語從句中加了多余的賓語。2. 把定語從句的謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式弄錯。3. 省略了定語從句中主語的關系代詞。4. 定語從句中加了多余的介詞。概念各種連接詞的具體用法定語從句的特殊用法定語從句的常見錯誤定義定義分類分類連接詞連接詞that與與whichwho、that與與whomWhose介詞介詞+關系代詞關系代詞when、where與與whyas先行名詞為先行名詞為waythat替代替代when在定語從句中加了多余的賓語。在定語從句中加了多余的賓語。把定語從句的謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式弄錯。把定語從句的謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式弄錯。省略了定語從句中主語的關系代詞。省略了定語從句中主語的關系代詞。定語從句中加了多余的介詞。定語從句中加了多余的介詞。定語從句定語從句