.高一人教版英語知識點總結 【一】 一. 直接引語和間接引語(一)直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語;用自己話轉述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內，間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等實行改變。1. 時態(tài)的變化：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常受轉述動詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態(tài)，即把原來的時態(tài)向過去推，也就是一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時，現(xiàn)在實行時變?yōu)檫^去實行時，等等。例如：Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化： 根據(jù)意義實行相對應的變化，例如：She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”She asked Jack where he had been.He said,“These books are mine.”He said that those books were his.(二)直接引語改為間接引語時，都使用陳述語序，但是因為原句的句式不同，所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同。直接引語如果是一般疑問句，用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句，則用疑問詞引導間接引語。轉述的動詞一般用asked，能夠在其后加上一個間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如：She said,“Is your father at home?”She asked me if/whether my father was at home.“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.直接引語如果是祈使句，改為間接引語時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語氣(即請求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動詞，如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not。其句型為：ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如：She said to us,“Please sit down.”She asked us to sit down.He said to him,“Go away!”He ordered him to go away.He said, “Dont make so much noise, boys.”He told the boys not to make so much noise.二. 各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)概述被動語態(tài)的概念：它是動詞的一種形式，表示主語與謂語之間的執(zhí)行或被執(zhí)行關系。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.被動語態(tài)的構成被動語態(tài)的形式是由“助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞”構成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式如下：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時 am/is/are + 過去分詞例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.2. 一般過去時 was/were + 過去分詞例如：These trees were planted the year before last.3. 一般將來時 will/shall + be + 過去分詞例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.4. 現(xiàn)在實行時 am/is/are + being + 過去分詞例如：Your radio is being repaired now.5. 過去實行時 was/were + being + 過去分詞When he got there, the problem was being discussed.6. 現(xiàn)在完成時 have/has + been + 過去分詞His work has been finished.Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasnt.7. 過去完成時 had + been + 過去分詞注意：1.除了be之外的其它系動詞如get, stay等也能夠和過去分詞構成被動語態(tài)。例如：Their questions havent got answered.2. 含有情態(tài)動詞的謂語變成被動語態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動詞+ be + 過去分詞”結構。例如：More attention should be paid to the old in this country.This work cant be done until Mr. Black comes.3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等結構的謂語，其被動語態(tài)分別用“be going to + be + 過去分詞”和“be to + be + 過去分詞”。例如：The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.All these books are to be taken to the library.4. 被動語態(tài)與系表結構的區(qū)別：“連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞”構成的系表結構，與被動語態(tài)的形式完全一樣，所以應注意它們的區(qū)別。被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞是動詞，多強調動作;系表結構中的過去分詞相當于形容詞，多強調狀態(tài)。前者通?？捎胋y 引出動作的執(zhí)行者，而后者則不能夠。例如：The map was changed by someone.(被動結構)That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結構)系表結構中的過去分詞通?？杀籿ery修飾，被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。例如：He was very excited.(系表結構)He was much excited by her words.(被動結構)5. 主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味，如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時句子的主語一般是物。例如：These books sell well. 這些書很暢銷。The door wont shut. 這門關不上。The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗?！径?1. be good to 對友好 be good for 對有益;be bad to/be bad for2. add up 加起來 增加add up to 合計，總計add to 把加到3. notuntil/till 意思是“直到才”4. get sth/sb done 使完成/使某人被5. calm down平靜下來6. be concerned about 關心 注重7. 當while, when, before, after 等引導的時間狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語一致時，可將從句中的主語和be動詞省去。While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose.8. cheat in the exam *9. go through 經歷;度過;獲準，通過10. hide away 躲藏;隱藏11. set down 寫下，記下12. I wonder if. 我不知道是不是.12. on purpose 故意13. sth happen to sb 某人發(fā)生某事sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事it so happened that 正巧 碰巧14. It is the first (second) that (從句謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時)15. in ones power 處于的控制之中16. Its no pleasure doing. 做.沒有樂趣Its no good/ use doing sth. 做某事是沒好處/沒用的17. She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place. it做形式賓語18. suffer from 患病;遭受19. sothat /suchthay20. get tired of. 對感到勞累 疲憊21. have some trouble with sb/sth. 在上遇到了麻煩22. get along with sb/sth. 與某人相處23. ask(sb)for advice. (向某人)征求建議24. make 后接復合賓語，賓語補足語須用不帶to 的不定式、形容詞、過去分詞、名詞等。常見的有以下幾種形式：make sb. do sth.讓 (使)某人做某事make sb. /sth. +adj. 使某人/物make sb./ oneself +v-ed 讓某人/自己被When you speak, you should make yourself understood.make sb.+n. 使某人成為25. alone /lonely. 單獨的/孤獨的26. I would be grateful if 委婉客氣提出請求27. Why not do. = why dont you doUnit 2 English around the world1. because of 因為 (注意和because 的區(qū)別)2. even if (= even thoug)即使，用來引導讓步狀語從句3. come up 走上前來，走近，發(fā)生，出現(xiàn) come up with 追上，趕上，提出4. communicate with sb 和某人交流5. be different from 與不同be different in 在方面不同Most of my projects are different in performance.我多數(shù)作品的演奏風格都不同。6. be based on 以為基礎7. at present 當前，眼下 for the present眼前;暫時8. make (good/better/full)use of9. the latter后者 the former 前者10. a large number of 大量的 the number of 的數(shù)量11. such as 例如12. hold on 堅持住，握住不放;(打電話時)等會13. you will hear the difference in the way(that/ in which) people speak.你會聽出人們在說話時的差異。14. play a role/ part (in) 在中擔任角色;在中起作用;扮演一個角色15. the same as 與一樣16. at the top of在頂上at the bottom of 在底部17. bring up 教養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育;提出18. request sb (not) to do sth. 要求某人做/不要做某事19. be satisfied with對感到滿意，滿足于20. suggest v. (request，insist)I suggested you do what he says. 我建議你按照他說的去做。I suggest you not go tomorrow. 我想你明天還是不要去了。His pale face suggested that he was in bad health. 他蒼白的臉色暗示了他身體不好。注意：insist 意思為“堅持要求”時后面的that從句用虛擬語氣;如果insist 意為“強調，堅持認為”的時候，從句能夠用任何所需要的時態(tài)。例如：She insisted that she didnt tell a lie.她堅持認為她沒撒謊。21. according to. 按照 根據(jù)Unit 3 Travel journal1.preferPrefer doing to doingPrefer to do rather than do2.advantages /disadvantages 優(yōu)勢/劣勢2.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 從高中起，我姐姐王維和我就一直夢想做一次偉大的自行車旅行。連詞since 引導的時間狀語從句用一般過去時，介詞since 與時間點連用It is/has been+一段時間+since+一般過去時 自從至今已經多久了。3. persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 說服某人做某事4. 強調句型 It is/was+被強調部分+that/who強調句型能夠強調除謂語動詞以外的任何句子成份。一般來說，如果被強調部分是人時，用連詞that或who;如果被強調部分是物，只能用連詞that。not until 的強調句5.be fond of 喜歡，喜愛6. Although 即使，雖然，引導讓步狀語從句 although 從句多在句首， though 從句可在主句前、中、后任何位置，而且though 能夠作副詞用于句末，作“但是，不過”講，而although 無此用法。 as though(仿佛，好像)，even though(即使，即使)中不能用although。 though 引導的讓步狀語從句能夠倒裝(將表語、狀語、情態(tài)動詞后的動詞原形前置到句首，此用法同as),而 although 不能夠。7. insist on doing sth/ sth. 一定要、堅持主張She insists on getting up early and playing her radio loudly.她老是一大早起來把收音機音量開大11.care about 關心 在乎care for 喜歡，照料，照顧12.change ones mind 改變主意13. experience 經歷/經驗14. Once 可作為從屬連詞，作“一(旦)就”解，連接一個表示時間的狀語從句。從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在完成時表將來。Once you have begun you must continue.15. give in 讓步 give up 放棄16. instead of 代替，而不是17. make up ones mind to do下定決心做某事18.a large parcel of 一大包19.as usual 像往常一樣20.put up our tent 搭帳篷21.stay awake 睡不著，醒著 stay up 熬夜22. for company 做伴23.lie beneath the stars 躺在星空下24.can hardly wait to do=cant wait to do迫不及待做某事25.go in the right direction 走準確的方向26. at a very slow pace. 以很慢的速度27.be similar to 類似于28.afford to do sth 付得起，能承擔29.be tired from 因而疲勞 be tired of 對厭倦30. be in high spirits 喜氣洋洋，興高采烈31.come true 實現(xiàn)，成真32. give sb some advice on doing.33. a guide to 的指南34.on a tour 在游覽中，在巡演中35.in detail 詳細地精選word范本！