2019-2020年高三英語專題復習 非謂語動詞主要包括不定式教案教學內容：動詞不定式教學重難點：動詞不定式的高考考點時態(tài)語態(tài)動詞不定式的高考難點主動表被動教學過程：非謂語動詞主要包括不定式&動名詞&分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞），.即動詞的非謂語形式除了不能獨立作謂語外,可以承擔句子的任何成分(一) 動詞不定式：（to）+do，具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征.否定式：not + (to) do主動形式 被動形式一般式 （not） to make （not） to be made完成式 （not） to have made （not） to have been made進行式 （not） to be making語態(tài)如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動語態(tài)形式。如：I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作賓語和I是被動關系）Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定語和car是被動關系）I hope to see you again.（不定式是賓語和I是主動關系）時態(tài)（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之后.Im glad to meet you. We plan to pay a visit. He wants to be an artist.（2）進行式：不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生，例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room.（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前，例如：I regretted to have told a lie. I happened to have seen the film.2不定式的句法功能：（1）作主語：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure.動詞不定式短語作主語時，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語不定式置于句后，例如上面兩句可用如下形式：常用句式有：1、It+be+名詞+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容詞+of sb +to do 4、It+be+形容詞+for sb.+to do。常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示贊揚或批評的形容詞，不定式前的sb.可作其邏輯主語。這時用of sb.（2）作表語：Her job is to clean the hall.（3）作賓語：常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（賓語）后面有賓語補足語，則用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語（不定式）后置，放在賓語補足語后面，有此類用法的動詞為make/find/feel/think/consider例如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.動詞不定式也可充當介詞賓語，如：I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用，如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English.4）作賓語補足語：在復合賓語中，動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語，如下動詞常跟這種復合賓語：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.此外，介詞有時也與這種復合賓語連用，如：With a lot of work to do, he didnt go to the cinema有些動詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用，但改為被動語態(tài)時，不定式要加to, 如：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.（5）作定語：（表將來）不定式作定語，應注意兩種關系：1）動賓關系：He has a lot of meeting to attend .Please lend me something to write with .He is looking for a room to live in .2）主謂關系：She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .Im going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 邏輯主語是I )Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 邏輯主語不是I )（6）作狀語：表目的：He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意不定式放句首時，邏輯主語與句子主語要一致：wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.right：To save money, he has tried every means.表結果：He arrived late to find the train gone.常用only放在不定式前表示強調：I visited him only to find him out.表原因：They were very sad to hear the news.表程度：The question is simple for him to answer.（7）作獨立成分：To tell you the truth, I dont like the way he talked.作業(yè)布置：背誦經(jīng)典例句教學內容： 動詞不定式教學重難點： 動詞不定式的省略現(xiàn)象教學過程：不定式的省略：動詞不定式中的省略現(xiàn)象可分為兩種情況，一是動詞不定式符號to后的動詞部分的省略；二是動詞不定式符號to的省略。一、省略動詞不定式符號to后的動詞部分的情況1.一些表示心理活動、情感態(tài)度的動詞或短語，如expect want hope wish love hate decide plan mean try would like be ready be afraid be glad等后，動詞不定式省略to后面的動詞部分，但保留to。例如： (2)Will you go with me ?Well ,I d like to. (3)Will you go home tomorrow? No.I m going to a lecture，or at least I am planning to. 2.不定式作賓語補足語時，省略to后的動詞部分，即用to代替整個不定式。例如： (1)The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street? but his mot her told him not to. 3.在一些情態(tài)動詞或助動詞ought to have to used to be able to后。例如： (1) Must I go now? No. You don t have to. 二、省略動詞不定式符號to的情況1.動詞不定式作感官動詞feel see notice watch find hear listen to observe和使役動詞have make let等的賓語補足語時，動詞不定式符號to省略。如果這些動詞用于被動語態(tài)，其后的動詞不定式符號to不能省略(但let除外)。例如：(1)We often hear him sing the song at home . (He is often heard to sing the song at home.) (2)They knew her very well. They had seen her grow up from childhood. (They knew her very well. She was seen to grow up from childhood.) 3. .在why或why not引起的表示建議或責問的省略問句中。例如： (1)Why get so excited? (3)Why not join us, Tom? 4.關于動詞help后接動詞不定式的問題：一般說來，help后既可接帶to的動詞不定式，也可接不帶to的動詞不定式(在美國英語及非正式文體中多見不帶to)。例如： (1)Would you like to help me(to)carry the luggage? 3.but后接動詞不定式的情況：如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式，那么這些介詞后的不定式不帶to，反之則要帶to。例如： (1)She could do nothing but cry . (2)He has no choice but to leave. 針對性練習：I. 單項填空：1. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _by his little sister. A. cry；to cry B. crying；crying C. cry；cryD. to cry；cry2. She pretended _ me when I passed by.A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen3. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking4. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone5. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job.A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to6. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first puter.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have invented D. having invented7. He said he would rather not _ it right now. A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing8. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle.A. ride； ride B. riding； rideC. ride； to rideD. to ride； riding9. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very fortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be sit D. be sat on10. Im hungry. Get me something _.A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating11. I usually go there by train. Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try going B. trying to goC. to try and go D. try going12. They wont let their teacher _ in that way.A. to be treated B. being treatedC. treated D. be treated13. The problem _ at tomorrows meeting is a very difficult one.A. being discussed B. discussedC. to be discussed D. to discuss14. He reached the station _ only _ that the train had just left.A. tired learnedB. tiring；learning C. to tire；to learn D. tired；to learn15. Did that book give the information you needed?Yes, but _, we had to read it almost entirely.A. for finding it B. to find it C. finding it D. by finding it作業(yè)布置：改錯教學內容：動名詞教學重難點：動名詞的高考考點時態(tài)語態(tài)動名詞的高考難點動名詞復合結構動名詞：動名詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。1動名詞的形式： Ving 否定式：not + 動名詞主動形式 被動形式一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done語態(tài)：He came to the party without being invited他未被邀請就來到了晚會。He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. Would you mind opening the door?時態(tài)：一般式：同時發(fā)生Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。完成式：已經(jīng)發(fā)生We remembered having seen the film. 我們記得看過這部電影。否定式：not + 動名詞regret not following his advice. 我后悔沒聽他的勸告。復合結構：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+ 動名詞 做主語His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。Janes not having received proper training was to her disadvantage.做賓語時還可用 代詞的賓格（名詞）+動名詞I appreciate your giving me so much of your time. 感謝你為我花了這么多時間。 I appreciate you giving me so much of your time.I dont remember my mothers plaining about it. 我不記得我母親抱怨過這事。I dont remember my mother plaining about it.2動名詞的句法功能：（1）作主語：Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。Collecting stamps is interesting. 集郵很有趣。當動名詞短語作主語時常用it作形式主語。Its no use quarrelling.爭吵是沒用的。（2）作表語：In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs.在螞蟻王國，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。（3）作賓語：They havent finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。注意動名詞既可作動詞賓語也可作介詞賓語，如上面兩個例句。此外，動名詞作賓語時，若跟有賓語補足語，則常用形式賓語it，例如：We found it no good making fun of others. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。要記住如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承認），deny（否認）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒險）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from, stop（from）,protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like動詞不定式與動名詞區(qū)別與聯(lián)系部分動詞后接不定式或動名詞時，意義差別較大，應根據(jù)句子語境選擇使用。 1 forget doing/to doforget to do忘記要去做某事(未做) forget doing忘記做過某事(已做)The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關了。(沒有做關燈的動作)He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關了燈了。( 已做過關燈的動作)2. remember doing/to do remember to do 記得去做某事(未做) remember doing記得做過某事(已做) Remember to go to the post office after school. 記著放學后去趟郵局。 Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?3.regret doing/to doregret to do對要做的事遺憾(未做)regret doing對做過的事遺憾、后悔(已做)I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實在沒有辦法。I dont regret telling her what I thought.我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。練習You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that.A. to doB. to be doing C. to have done D. having done4. stop doing/to dostop to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他們停下來，抽了根煙。 I must stop smoking. 我必須戒煙了。5. go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。go on doing繼續(xù)做原來做的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完數(shù)學后，他接著去做物理。Go on doing the exercise after having a short rest 6 try doing/to do try to do努力，企圖做某事。 try doing 試驗，試著做某事。You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed. 我試著種果木花卉，但未成功。 7 mean to doing/to do mean to do 打算、想 mean doing意味著I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但是我父親不肯讓我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.贈加工資意味著增加購買力。8 感官動詞 + doing/ do感官動詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示動作的完整性， +doing 表示動作的進行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強調"我看見了"這個事實)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（強調"我見他正干活"這個動作）昨天我見他正在花園里干活。練習1）They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow2）The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play .針對性練習：1.No one enjoys _ at. A. laughingB. to laughC. being laughed D. to be laughed 2. She returned home only to find the door open and something _.A. missed B. to be missing C. missingD. to be missed3.They insisted on _another chance to try.A. given B. givingC. being givenD .to be given 4.Where is my passport? I remember_it here.You shouldnt have left it here. Remember_ it with you all the time.A. to put；to takeB. putting；takingC .putting；to take D. to put；taking 5.His room needs _ , so he must have it_.A. painting； paintedB. painted； paintingC. painting； painting D. painted； painted 6.After finishing his homework he went on _ a letter to his parents.A. write B. writing C. wrote D to write 7 .She decided to devote herself _the problem of old age.A. to study B. studyingC. to studying D. study 8.Its no good _ over split milk.A .to cry B. crying C .cried D. cry9. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow?A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bringC. borrowed; bringing D .borrowing; bringing10. The classroom wants _.A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D .cleaning11._ clean is a safeguard against disease.A. To be keeping B .Kept C .Keep D. Keeping12Whats made Ruth so upset?_ three tickets to the folk music concert.A. Lost B. LosingC. Because of losing D. Since she lost13Only one of these books is _.A. worth to read B. worth being readC. worth of reading D. worth reading14I regretted _ that to her.A. having said B. to have saidC. to say D. /教學內容: 現(xiàn)在分詞教學重難點：現(xiàn)在分詞的高考考點時態(tài)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的高考難點分詞作定語和狀語教學過程：分詞的構成：動詞+ing 現(xiàn)在分詞有四種構成： making being made Having made having been madeA: 現(xiàn)在分詞各個結構的語法含義：doing 表示正在進行的主動動作They entered the house, talking and laughing.They stood there, glaring at each other.The secretary worked late into the night, _a long speech for the president. A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparinghaving done 表示主動完成 分詞作時間狀語，如果先與主動詞的動作，且強調先后， 要用having done。Having finished his homework, he went out._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having receivedD. Having not receivedbeing done表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的被動動作：Who is the woman being operated on? 正在動手術的女人是誰?I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看見他被警察帶走。having been done表示已經(jīng)完成的被動動作：Having been written in a hurry, the book has many mistakes. 這書因寫得倉促，所以錯誤不少。B、現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式分詞的否定式總是將否定詞not置于分詞之前，遇上現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式、被動式以及完成被動式，否定詞應置于整個結構之前：Not having finished his work，he could not leave the office. 由于工作沒干完他不能離開辦公。C: 用法：現(xiàn)在分詞主要起形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中作定語、表語、補語或狀語1. 現(xiàn)在分詞doing作定語，表示正在進行的主動動作。也可以說明被修飾詞的性質和特征，此時可換成相應的定語從句。例如： There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed being done作定語表示正進行的被動動作The meeting _ now is very important.A holding B being held C having held D having been held2. 現(xiàn)在分詞doing作狀語時，可作時間、條件、結果、原因和伴隨狀語，表示正在進行的主動動作。此時分詞的邏輯主語就是主句的主語，因此要注意人稱、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一致性。 _ from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful. A. Seeing B. Seen C. Saw D. To be seeing _to visit the lab, we were showed around the library.A taking B being taken C having taken D having been taken3. 現(xiàn)在分詞doing作補足語，表示正在進行的或主動的動作。例如： Soon they could see the steam _ from the wet clothes. A. rise B. rising C. risen D. be rising 練習：1. many times, he finally understood it. A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told2. They use puters to keep the traffic_ smoothly. （09全國II）A. being run B. run C. to run D. running 3. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _ all four people on board. A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill4. ._ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. （08安徽）A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked5. _ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. （08天津）A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown6. to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead（08重慶）A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed7._that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. （08浙江）A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized8. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? （07全國I）A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt9. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic（植物園） garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt作業(yè)布置 糾錯教學內容：過去分詞教學重難點： 過去分詞的高考考點教學過程：過去分詞的構成：動詞+ed過去分詞用法A: 注意、通常，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動，例如：He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you)他就是給你錢的那個人。He is the man stopped by the car.( = who was stopped by)他就是那個被車攔住的人。B、不及物動詞的過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生gone, fallen, retired, escaped, faded, returnedChina is a developing country.Japan is a developed country.C:過去分詞作定語 與其修飾的詞是被動關系，相當于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 1)、The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. have writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written2)、Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speakingB. spokenC. be spokenD. to speak分詞作狀語 相當于狀語從句Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 1)、_ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. FollowedB. Followed byC. Being followedD. Having been followed2)、_, liquids can be changed into gases.A. HeatingB. To be heatedC. HeatedD. Heat注意： 選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。連詞+分詞(短語) 有時為使分詞短語與主句關系更清楚，可在分詞前加連詞。 連詞有： when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分詞的主語和主句的主語必須為同一個，如：While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls e out of the building. waiting 和saw 的主語相同。分詞作補語 通常在感官動詞和使役動詞之后，如：I found my car missing.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車不見了。Ill have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。分詞作表語 +ed+/ingShe looked tired The story is interesting.分詞作插入語 其結構是固定的，意思上的主語并不是句子的主語。generally speaking一般說來strictly speaking 嚴格的說judging from 從判斷 all things considered 從整體來看taking all things into consideration全面看來Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。 過去分詞專項練習1. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A. When taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken2. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. begun C. beginning D. having begun3. _ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. Founding4. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given5. Mrs. Bush stood _ for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her.A. surprised B. surprising C. being surprised D. to be surprised6. He must be angry, for we heard the glass _ on the floor.A, being broken B. break C. to be break D. broken7. A cool rain was falling, _ with snow.A. mixed B. mixing C. to mix D. having mixed8. Most of the photographers _ to the conference were from north Europe.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. having invited9. The speaker raised his voice but couldnt make himself _.A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard作業(yè)布置：背誦經(jīng)典句型糾錯教學內容 非謂語動詞綜合練習教學重難點： 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別 動名詞和不定式的區(qū)別教學過程：對比練習1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told . B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been told3. _to the left , youll find the post office .4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office .5. _to the left , and youll find the post office .A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned6. _from space , the earth looks blue .7._from space , we can see the earth is blue .A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See8. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .9. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed10 The building _now will be a restaurant .11. The building _next year will be a restaurant .12. The building _last year is a restaurant.A. having been built B. to be builtC. being built D. built13. He stood there _for his mother .14. _for two hours , he went away .A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. Having waited對應性練習1. The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _. A. not to doB. not toC. not doD. do not 2