專題十七 完形填空第10講完形填空解題方法指導教學目標1. 了解完形填空的語篇特點。2. 掌握并熟練運用完形填空的解題方法和技巧。3. 掌握完形填空高頻詞匯。名師點撥北京中考完形填空命題規(guī)律總結(jié)北京中考完形填空的文章以380-440詞左右的記敘文為主。文章的話題大多貼近中學生的生活并且大部分文章會講述一個小故事，故事的主人公遇到或是做了一件事情，故事的進程中主人公有一系列的情感變化，但故事在結(jié)束時會傳遞出一種正能量。如北京中考完形填空，講述了主人公Molly給媽媽準備圣誕驚喜的故事，通過載體“gloves”傳遞出“子女要學會向自己的父母表達愛(love)”的這種理念。因此建議讀者在做題時需要將自己帶入故事的情景中，以主人公的視角體會故事情節(jié)變化中情感的變化，把握文章想要傳達的含義，進而選擇貼近文章主旨的選項。完形填空題的第一句通常不設(shè)空，給讀者提供一定的語言背景。中考完形填空題主要考查學生以下三個方面的知識和技能：一、對文章的整體理解，上下文段落的銜接，邏輯思維與判斷能力。二、對詞匯和慣用法等語言基礎(chǔ)知識的考查，多以實詞為主，虛詞為輔。根據(jù)對近幾年中考完形填空題的分析，各種詞類的考查比例由多到少，順序如下：動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、連詞和代詞等。三、對生活中常見的事實進行推理和判斷的能力。完形填空解題方法指導解答完形填空的總原則是“先完意，后完形”，即先理解文章的主旨大意和作者要傳遞的理念，再進行選擇填空。一、完形填空解題步驟第一步通讀全文，把握脈絡(luò)跳過空格，速讀全文，把握大意。注意文中的語篇關(guān)鍵詞，和句中的連詞，如but出現(xiàn)后就說明句子強調(diào)的重點是but后面的內(nèi)容；再如代詞it指代的定是前文的單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞。找到關(guān)鍵詞可以幫助我們掌握文章的大概意思及其想要傳達的寓意。如北京中考完形填空的關(guān)鍵詞是：Molly; mum; Christmas; surprise; gloves。第二步瞻前顧后，上下求索聯(lián)系上下文，運用解題策略從句子、段落、語篇層面解題，抓住文章中的上下文線索詞。如北京中考完形填空的最主要的線索詞就是gloves。第三步再讀文章，核查答案代入答案，再讀全文，反復檢查，爭取做到：結(jié)構(gòu)正確+語義通順+邏輯合理。二、完形填空解題策略方法方法一：詞匯復現(xiàn)法解釋“詞匯復現(xiàn)”是指某一詞匯以原詞、詞形變化(如protect和protection)、同義詞/近義詞(如road和trail)、反義詞(如wrong和 correct)、上下義詞(上義詞是總稱詞，下義詞是被包含的個體或種類。如adult是my father的上義詞；coat是clothes的下義詞)等重復出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。例題He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his _, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通過上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因為他的“善良友好”他很受歡迎。故選D?！颗５缎≡?She opened “Mums Wish Book” and hoped that she could find these 32 in it. Tears ran down her face when she saw the gloves in the catalog【北京中考】32. A. flowersB. sunglassesC. glovesD. chocolates2“Yes, Its a Christmas gift for Mum, but please dont tell her. Its our 35 , OK?” As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Dad her secret【北京中考】35. A. secretB. choiceC. dream D. task3 To be chosen, we had to turn in an example of our _32_. I wrote an article about the joys of summer, and showed it to my father,【東城一?！?2.A. report B. writing C. homework D. newspaper4they were always very generous（慷慨的）when it came to giving us31.In fact, they didnt just give presents to us children.【東城二?！?1. A. wishes B. lessons C. presents D. greetings5when I had my class write something about themselves, he just sat there. So I took him outside to see what was wrong. “You can 31 about something else; anything you want, ”I offered【西城一?！?1. A. talkB. readC. writeD. hear6 The fourth day started with me finding a _ (39) on the sidewalk, Id always thought of finding money as a good sign.【西城二?！?9. A. card B. coin C. phone D. book 7 Every university that he applied to (申請) accepted him. When the autumn came, Justin had his _40_ in colleges. He decided to go to the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could say that Justin made a bad choice. 【海淀一?！?0. A. fact B. choice C. record D. event8Tina had two exams that day. Physics was first and she hated physics, it was her worst31. Her friend Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam.【海淀二?！?1. A. month B. subject C. market D. name9Tears (眼淚) ran down his face as he held the book close to him and went back to his seat. I stayed with the class for the rest of the day. Ronny never let go of the36, not once. It never left his hands.【朝陽一?！?6. A. handB. classC. bookD. chair10“Anything could have gone wrong at that point, so I stayed there through the night to make sure everything was done 33, ” Michael said.【朝陽二?！?3. A. fast B. right C. warmly D. slowly參考答案：CABCC BBBCB方法方法二：上下文推理法解釋“上下文推理法”是指根據(jù)對上下文的語義和整個語篇的理解，進行適當?shù)耐评砼袛?，因此需重點注意挖空處的上下文語境，判斷清楚所要表達的含義。例題例：When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通過上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美國每節(jié)課是50分鐘，中國每節(jié)課是40分鐘，根據(jù)上下文可以推斷出美國的課時比中國的長，故選B?！颗５缎≡?ing home from school every day, Molly peeked at (偷看) Dadwhen Mum wasnt 37 , but every time he shook his head.【北京中考】37. A. workingB. lookingC. smilingD. talking2 I didnt write a lot but working on the paper sounded like fun. I _31_the idea of being a reporter, interviewing my friends【東城一模】31. A. gave B. shared C. liked D. weled3 No surprisehis version(版本)was _34_ . He had a gift for language.【東城一?！?4.A. different B. mon C. popular D. wonderful4 when we got to the end of the present giving, I was very 33 . My last present was not the bike I had hoped for.【東城二模】33. A. upset B. afraid C. nervous D. serious5 Vincent was difficult and 32 . He acted out. He threw things. He refused to work, to be quiet, to sit down.【西城一?！?2. A. angryB. lazyC. carelessD. disappointed6 Suddenly, a big boy _33_ Justin. Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg.【海淀一?！?3. A. saw B. met C. pushed D. followed7“ Let me see your progress report.” Justin was _37_. His grades had really fallen since he broke his leg.【海淀一?！?7. A. moved B. embarrassed C. interested D. pleased 8my family is having a 38 time. My dad had a heart attack and hes in hospital.【海淀二模】38. A. terrible B. simple C. boring D. fortable9I held an awards ceremony(頒獎典禮). I _35_ Ronny with a book one of those Little Golden Books that only cost $5.【朝陽一?！?5. A. coveredB. sharedC. presentedD. pared10As he tried to open the door, he realized it was 37 . He was trapped(陷入困境)in his car【朝陽二?！?7. A. open B. shut C. safe D. cold參考答案：BCDAA CBACB方法方法三：邏輯推理法解釋“邏輯推理法”是根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系（如因果、并列、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、時間順序、目的、條件、選擇等）進行適當?shù)耐评砼袛啵虼诵杼貏e注意挖空處表示邏輯關(guān)系的連詞（如and表并列，but和however表轉(zhuǎn)折，because、for、so等表因果，first of all、then和finally等表順序等）。例題例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he cant sing 6 .6. A. badlyB. easilyC. wellD. excitedly【分析：通過上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和連詞“but”，可以推斷出前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處想要表達的含義是“喜歡但唱得不好”，故選C?！颗５缎≡?Mum wouldnt buy them for herself, because the family had a 33 time on the farm.【北京中考】33. A. hardB. lonelyC. shortD. busy2On Christmas Eve, Dad came back from mailbox, still empty handed. Molly felt 38 when she went to bed, because she didnt have the gloves for Mum.【北京中考】38. A. sadB. strangeC. angryD. tired3And as a result, he rewrote the whole piecewithout me, for I never said anything to _33_ him【東城一模】33.A. helpB. stop C. allow D. praise4For years after that, at the end of all the present giving, my father would ask me what I had to say to everyone. It had bee a family joke. I would always say, “Is that all?”But what I really 40 was“Thanks so much.”And everyone knew that.【東城二?！?0. A. heard B. meant C. answered D. expected5If I knew she had found a better home, I would be _ (33) yet relieved (放心的).【西城二模】33. A. mad B. worried C. sad D. moved 6Just then, Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers. Oh no, Tina hadnt33itand she was going to fail again!【海淀二?！?3. A. finished B. forgotten C. collected D. built7He thought I was cheating. Buthe 40 and understands me now.【海淀二模】40. A. refuses B. believes C. criticizes D. praises8He had a speech problem so he couldnt _31_ like other kids in his grade.【朝陽一?！?1. A. readB. copy C. writeD. listen參考答案：AABBC ABA方法方法四：文化背景常識法解釋“文化背景常識法”是指完形填空的文章內(nèi)容往往與我們的文化生活、史地知識、生活科技等相關(guān)，有些內(nèi)容是我們已經(jīng)掌握的生活常識，答題時要充分調(diào)動相關(guān)知識幫助我們分析、推斷。事實上，該技巧與“邏輯推斷”常常交織在一起的，因為雖有背景常識，仍需簡單推理。需注意中外文化的差異性，不能總是用中國人看問題的角度來看待其它國家發(fā)生的事情。例題例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鯨魚) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest【分析：第1題，眾所周知：大象是陸地上最大的動物，故選A. biggest。第2題，眾所周知：鯨魚生活在大海里，故選C. sea?！颗５缎≡?As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Dad her secret. “Youve got to check the mailbox every day,” said Molly 36 to Dad. He nodded, with a big smile【北京中考】36. A. patientlyB. doubtfullyC. proudlyD. quietly2Without thinking, Tina looked up and nodded to Mr. Reed. Lily was looking at her phone and didnt hear Mr. Reed as he walked 37up to her table.【海淀二?！?7. A. lazily B. weakly C. silently D. patiently3After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California. He became a 3lat Mission munity Hospital.【朝陽二?！?1.A. teacher B. driver C. doctor D. worker參考答案：DCC方法方法五：固定搭配法解釋完形填空以語境考查為主，但也有小部分題目考查語法知識、固定搭配和固定句型，解題過程中我們需要結(jié)合所學固定搭配選出正確答案。例題例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she isspeaking13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短語“pay attention to注意”，故選D?！坷?：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短語“take photos拍照”，故選D。】牛刀小試1Before Christmas dinner, as Mum took the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began 39 the table.【北京中考】39. A. pushingB. changingC. settingD. booking2It was something I _ (38) because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf【西城二?！?8. A. looked up B. built up C. set up D. made up 3When Chris finished primary school, the two lost 35 . What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30years later.【朝陽二模】35. A. hope B. touch C. trust D. message參考答案：CDB完形填空高頻詞匯【詞性及詞義部分可以讓學生自己默寫；例句除加黃色底紋部分以外，其余都來自真題和模擬題】【常考動詞】單詞詞性及詞義示例surprisev. 使驚奇What surprised me most was that they got married soon.dropv.1)落下 2)放下3)降低 4)中途卸客Molly ran back home and dropped her schoolbag on the sofa.orderv.1)命令 2)訂購,點菜The officer ordered them to fire.walkv.1)走2)護送走3)遛1)Molly had walked a dog for a neighbor and savedher money all year to buy Mum the gloves.2) When Michael realized that the little baby he once saved had just saved him, all he could do was to hold back tears.savev.1)救助 2)攢錢tearv. 撕掉the order form torn from the catalog(商品目錄)passv.1)路過2)遞3)及格 4)時間流逝1) “Umm, a pair of gloves?” said Mr. Smith, as he passed a stamp to her.2) Justin passed through all his classes.realizev. 1)意識到 2)實現(xiàn)1) Molly didnt realize how white Mr. Smiths beard was until that moment. 2)I was so upset that I didnt realize how unthankful I sounded.3) I started to realize what a stupid thing I had said.4) Justin realized that he didnt want to feel bad for himself5) As he tried to open the door, he realized it was shut.remindv.提醒；使想起1) In face, he reminded her of Santa Claus.2)Rheas words remindme what, as a writer, I surely have faith in: the power of story.handv. 交；遞She handed me the letter.designv. 設(shè)計design a carcheckv. 檢查check ones worksetv. 1)放置 2) 擺放餐具as Mum took the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began setting the table.bookv. 預(yù)定book a flight to Beijingchangev. 改變interviewv. 1) 面試2)采訪I like the idea of being a reporter, interviewing my friends, and covering middle school events.coverv.1) 覆蓋 2)設(shè)計3)報道rewritev. 重寫expectv. 1)預(yù)料 2)期望I expect you to write a personal opinion article every weekChris entered the world earlier than expected.What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30years later.expressv. 表達my teacher clearly expressed his disappointmentplainv. 抱怨；埋怨1) Iplained that my father rewrote my first article himself, instead of simply trying to help me to improve it.2) After my parents worked so hard, how could Iplainthat I did not receive a bikeI worked with all the students in Ronnys class one by one to improve their reading skills.improvev.提高；改善allowv. 允許because I allowed him to do it.reachv. 1)抵達 2)達到3)伸手 4)夠得著.my writing never reachedthe level of the first article.raisev. 1) 舉起2)提高3)籌集4)提出 5)撫養(yǎng)raise hand; raise the price; raise money; raise questionsholdv. 1)抓住 2)抱住3)舉行 4) 堅持住1) Every year they held a Christmas Eve party.2)they hold the world responsible for the consequence.3) Its what holds our life together.4) she saw Lily holding her phone under the table.5) I held an awards ceremony(頒獎典禮).6) all he could do was to hold back tears.leavev. 1)離開2)留下3)丟下I made it clear by leaving hintsto my parents in every way I knew.When Tina was leaving school, Lily stopped her.It never left his hands.receivev. 收到；招待I had receivedso many other thingsacceptv. 接受；錄取Vincent got accepted into ten different universities.Every university that he applied to accepted him.failv. 1)失敗，未能做到2)衰退 3)使失望Her eyesight is failing.When he lost his job, he felt he failed his family.He worked with a house painter after failing through high school.Oh no, Tina hadnt finish it and she was going to fail again!meanv.意思是But what I really meant was“Thanks so much.”That didnt mean we didnt try.havev.1)有 2)使做I had my class write something about themselves.offerv.主動提出“You can write about something else”Ioffered.wonderv.想知道I wondered what he was up to.attendv.1)參加 2)上課Vincent attended classes and got straight As for two years.landv. 1)著陸2)成功得到Vincent landed a great job at a big tech pany.workv. 1)工作 2)奏效;起作用For him, sitting still, listening and reading, didnt work.attractv. 吸引Justin was attracted by the stories that Kiki told.encouragev.鼓勵succeedv.1)成功 2)接替disappearv.消失；不見my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago.His once bright future disappeared.believev.相信；認為I really learned what I believe.Such stories only bee real when we believethem.But he believes and understands me now.searchv.搜查We searched the neighborhood for hoursimaginev.想象but imagine hearing for the first timeBut he could never have imagined where it would e from.waitv.等待supportv. 1)支持2)養(yǎng)活3)支撐He has a big family to support.some stories are never supported with scientific factssuggestv.1)建議 2)表明;暗示Isuggest that we go out to eat.All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.beatv. 1)打敗 2)敲打 3)心跳He could run with the ball fast and beat any of the older boys at the courtagreev. 1)同意 2)約定Justin agreed.liev.1)躺 2)位于 3)說謊Justin just lay in bed watching TV every daybreakv. 1)摔壞 2)弄壞3)暫停 4)違犯n. 休息；休假Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg.while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together.applyv.申請；應(yīng)用Every university that he applied to accepted him.standv.1)站立 2)位于 3)忍受I cant stand his brother.Ronny stood apart from his classmates in other ways.recordv.1)記錄 2)錄音promisev. 承諾Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam.cheatv.1)欺騙 2)作弊Lily would get a good grade by cheating.collectv.1)收集；收藏 2)取走Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers.pointv.指向；指引Mr. Reed picked up Lilys exampaper, pointed to the door andstopv.1)(使)停止;結(jié)束2)阻止When Tina was leaving school, Lily stopped her.understandv.理解But he believes and understands me now.forgivev.原諒Will you forgive me?praisev.贊揚；贊美volunteerv.自愿做I volunteered as the Reading Mom in the first-grade classroom.strugglev./n.努力;戰(zhàn)斗;掙扎he struggled(努力) to read out.returnv. 1)回來 2)歸還3)恢復I returned to the school to visitplacev.放置I walked towards Ronny, and placed my hand on his shoulderrefusev.拒絕managev.設(shè)法做成;能解決;管理he managed to read a word with a strange pronunciationmanage a weak smile(強顏歡笑)sharev.共用;分享;分擔share informationpresentv.頒發(fā);贈送;展現(xiàn)I presentedRonny with a book You need to present yourself better.noticev.注意到risev.上升；升起；提高His temperature rose quicklychoosev.選擇Chris parents chose Michael to be their sons doctor for his childhood.reenterv.再次進入losev.丟失；失去When Chris finished primary school, the two lost touch.He lost himself in great hopelessness.controlv. 控制suddenly a truck lost controlarrivev.到達；到來affectv.影響followv. 1)跟著2)沿著(道路)3)聽從4)理解Why didnt you follow my adviceSorry, I cant follow you.reportv. 報告；報道Michael reported to them that their babys fever had gone.pushv.推Suddenly, a big boy pushed Justin.rememberv.記得；記起missv.錯過；想念meetv.遇見;迎接;經(jīng)歷;滿足Will you meet me at the airport?We have metsimilar problems.Its impossible to meet the needs of all the different people.parev.比較；對比showv.展示；表明【?？夹稳菰~、副詞】單詞詞性及詞義示例excitedlyadv.激動地She said excitedlyto herself, “mum, this year youll get the gloves you want!”excitedadj.激動的；興奮的before I could be excited about the news, he added,excitingadj.令人激動的She was like sunshine, bringingexciting stories of college.lonelyadj.孤獨的；偏僻的a lonely islandhardadj.困難的Mum wouldnt buy them for herself, because the family had a hard time on the farm.patientadj.耐心的patientlyadv.耐心地Wait patiently? Search endlessly?.proudadj.驕傲的；自豪的proudlyadv.驕傲地；自豪地quietadj.安靜的quietlyadv.安靜地“Youve got to check the mailbox every day,” said Molly quietly to Dad.silentlyadv.悄悄地；無聲地Lily was looking at her phone and didnt hear Mr. Reed as he walked silentlyup to her table.silentadj.沉默的；安靜的On the days when it was Ronnys turn, Id give him a silent smile, and hed fly out of his chair.sadadj.傷心的Molly felt sad when she went to bed, because she didnt have the gloves for Mum.If I knew she had found a better home, I would be sad yet relieved.The doctor said Justin might never play again. Justin was so sad.strangeadj.奇怪的；陌生的It seems strange, but I felt better then.angryadj.生氣的Vincent was difficult and angry.tiredadj.疲倦的；厭煩的wonderfuladj.精彩的No surprisehis version was wonderful.worriedadj.擔心的nervousadj.緊張的lazyadj.懶惰的lazilyadv.懶惰地magicadj.有魔力的；神奇的terribleadj.糟糕的；可怕的He remembered feeling terrible for acting out.Im really sorry I didnt answer your calls, but my family is having a terrible time.braveadj.勇敢的monadj.常見的；普通的；共同的busyadj.忙的painfuladj.痛苦的;艱難的a painful experiencesuccessfuladj. 成功的expressadj. 快遞的EMS= Express Mail Serviceconfidentadj.自信的brightAdj. 1) 明亮的 2) 艷麗的(顏色) 3)聰明的 4)有希望的;光明的Looking back, I realized that the pain and shame of that school experience had a bright side.His once bright future disappeared.amazingadj. 令人驚喜(奇)的Christmas was always an amazing time in my homeobviousadj.明顯的My parents looked unhappy, as my disappointment was obvious.upsetadj.難過的I was so upset that I didnt realize how unthankful I sounded.Justin felt better and he wasnt so upset.unthankfuladj.不知感恩的unfortableadj.不舒服的fortableadj.舒服的；舒適的unimportantadj.不重要的dishonestadj.不誠實的honestadj.誠實的improperadj.不合適的Those words were improper in any situationuselessadj.無用的;無意義的Its useless to argue with him.usefuladj.有用的specialadj.特殊的;專門的The school will only allow this in special condition.powerfuladj.強大的;有影響力的And for me, the message is simple but power