第四章第四章 動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)第一節(jié)第一節(jié) 動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 知識(shí)梳理知識(shí)梳理一、動(dòng)詞的概念與分類動(dòng)詞是句子中表示動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)的詞。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的詞義和在句中的作用，可以將動(dòng)詞劃分為如下幾類：二、動(dòng)詞的基本形式1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后面接動(dòng)詞原形。如： I can play basketball well. Mike can speak Chinese. 2. be動(dòng)詞:根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的不同，呈現(xiàn)不同形式。 如：現(xiàn)在時(shí)： I am very happy today. Mike is an American boy. They are playing in the snow. 過去時(shí)： He was in Grade 3 last year. We were at home yesterday. 將來時(shí)： There will be a match between Class 1and Class 2 tomorrow. 3. 助動(dòng)詞:不能單獨(dú)在句中使用，在句中的作用是幫助構(gòu)成否定、疑問等句式。如： We do not (dont) have classes on Saturdays. My father does not (doesnt) work in the hospital. Did you go swimming last weekend? 4. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞:小學(xué)階段所學(xué)的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有四種形式，即動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、現(xiàn)在分詞形式(動(dòng)詞的ing形式)和過去式形式。 如: (1)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞詞尾加s。如：workworks，looklooks，wantwants以ch, sh, s, x, o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加es。如：teachteaches，washwashes，dress(裝扮)dresses，fix(安裝)fixes，gogoes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，改y為i，再加es。如：flyflies，crycries【注】playplays, buybuys不規(guī)則變化。如：havehas，beis (2)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞形式的構(gòu)成一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ing。如：gogoing，playplaying以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e再加ing。如：writewriting，comecoming以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫最后這個(gè)輔音字母再加ing。如：runrunning，swimswimming，shop shopping以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將ie改為y，再加ing。如： diedying，lielying (3)動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed。如：workworked，playplayed等 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加d。如：closeclosed，arrivearrived 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，改y為i，再加ed。如：crycried，studystudied 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫最后這個(gè)輔音字母再加ed。如：stopstopped，dropdropped動(dòng)詞的不規(guī)則變化(見下表)考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)精析考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 考查動(dòng)詞的變化形式考查動(dòng)詞的變化形式【例1】根據(jù)句意和單詞首字母提示填寫動(dòng)詞，并注意其動(dòng)詞的形式。 1.Can you s English songs? 2.She usually g to school at 7:00. 3.Look!Amy is w TV. 4.I c my room last night. 解析:本題考查動(dòng)詞基本形式的寫法和用法。在做此題時(shí)，不僅要考慮主語的人稱，還要注意句子的時(shí)態(tài)，這樣才能根據(jù)句意和首字母提示填寫出動(dòng)詞的正確形式。第1小題應(yīng)填寫動(dòng)詞原形sing，因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞can后要加動(dòng)詞原形。第2小題的主語是第三人稱，句子又是陳述習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式goes。第3小題中的look一詞提示了本題要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞watching。第4題由last night 這一時(shí)間狀語可知本題要用一般過去時(shí)，所以謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)填過去式cleaned。 答案： 1. sing 2. goes 3. watching 4. cleaned舉一反三 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1.The cat _ (run) around the tree. 2.They are _(clean) their classroom. 3.I _(have) a cold last week. 4.Dont _ (talk) loudly in the library. 5.My mother _(make) a big cake last month. 6.What _(do) she do last night? 7.My aunt often _ (go) shopping on Sundays. 8.Sarah _(buy) a red bag yesterday.runscleaninghadtalkmadedidgoesbought考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 考查助動(dòng)詞、考查助動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞的使用動(dòng)詞的使用 【例2】 選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦?dòng)詞填空。1. He not do homework on Friday evening. 2. you have crayons? 3. Tom not read English this morning. 解析: 本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)助動(dòng)詞 do的三種形式的正確運(yùn)用。第1小題中on Friday evening 是常態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而主語he 是三單形式，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的三單形式 does; 第2小題 you 是非三單形式，用do；第3小題中this morning 表示過去的時(shí)間，且過去式不受人稱影響，故用did。答案：1. does 2. Do 3. did舉一反三 1. 用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 (1) I _ in Grade Six this year. Last year， I _ in Grade Five. (2) There _ many tall buildings here now. Twenty years ago， there _ some small houses. (3) Mike and Jack _ twin brothers. They look the same. (4) I want to _ a teacher in the future. 2. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 (1) _(will) you like some tea？ (2) _ (do) he watch TV last night？ amwasarewerearebeWouldDid考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用【例3】單項(xiàng)填空。 ( )He _ read the book now. A.is can B.cans C. can解析:本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的正確使用。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的用法很容易混淆。can和be動(dòng)詞或其他的助動(dòng)詞不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句中；can不受人稱的影響，故不存在cans的形式；在本題中還要分析清楚，now不表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 答案：C舉一反三 1. 選詞填空。 (1)_ I use your pen？ (2)What _ I do then？ (3)You _ be a middle school student. (4)We _ do something for Grandpa Li. (5) _ we go now？ ShallMay/Canshouldmustcan 2. 按要求完成下列各題。 (1) I can speak Chinese and English well. (改成否定句) _ (2) 當(dāng)你想提醒朋友，讓他周末要幫助媽媽做家務(wù)時(shí)，你可以說： _ _ (3) 你想告訴想要闖紅燈的人，紅燈必須停，你應(yīng)該說： _You must stop at a red light.I cant speak Chinese or English well.You should do some housework for your mother on weekends.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4 考查動(dòng)詞的綜合運(yùn)用考查動(dòng)詞的綜合運(yùn)用【例4】用read的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. You can (read) the book in the library. 2. She (read) a book now. 3. Can I (read) this book now? 4. My father (read) newspapers every morning. 5. Did you （read）the comic book? Yes, I （read）it yesterday. 解析:本題圍繞一個(gè)詞read 展開，考查了不同時(shí)態(tài)、不同人稱情況下，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的用法。第1小題中can+原形動(dòng)詞；第2小題now表示的是現(xiàn)在，體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，she 是三單形式，故而 be+動(dòng)詞的ing形式是本小題需要的答案；第3小題不管后面出現(xiàn)什么，can+原形動(dòng)詞；第4小題every morning 體現(xiàn)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而my father是第三人稱，故而動(dòng)詞要用三單形式；第5小題did 之后加動(dòng)詞原形，答句中用過去式形式, read 的過去式和原形同形。 答案:1. read 2. is reading 3. read 4. reads 5. read; read舉一反三 1. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 (1) We _(like) music. Now we _ (sing). (2) Lets _(go) to the cinema. (3) He _(is) ill yesterday. (4) Can you _clean) the table now？ (5) Do you _ (go) to the park on Saturdays？likeare singinggowascleango 2. 單項(xiàng)填空。 ( ) (1) What did he _ yesterday? A.do B.does C.did ( ) (2) He is _ with his friend. A.talked B.talking C.talksAB ( ) (3) How is he feeling?He _ better. A.feels B.is feel C.is feeling ( ) (4) What are you doing?Im _ dinner. A.cook B.cooks C.cooking ( ) (5) Dont _ TV. A.watch B.watching C.watchesACA過關(guān)檢測(cè)過關(guān)檢測(cè)一、按要求改寫下列單詞。 1.have（第三人稱單數(shù)形式）_ 2.do（現(xiàn)在分詞）_ 3.slept（動(dòng)詞原形）_ 4.take（動(dòng)詞過去式）_ hasdoingsleeptook e（反義詞）_ 6.wash（第三人稱單數(shù)形式）_ 7.driver（動(dòng)詞形式） _ 8.write（動(dòng)詞過去式）_ 9.sit（動(dòng)詞過去式）_ 10.told（動(dòng)詞原形）_gowashesdrivewrotesattell二、選詞填空，將下列短文補(bǔ)充完整。 My name is Sarah.I 1._an American girl but I 2._ in Guangzhou with my parents now. My father is a teacher.He 3._English.He likes 4._ pictures. Usually myfather 5._ to work by car,but yesterday he 6. _ by bus.My mother is a nurse.She 7._ in a big hospital. She often 8._ to work.She 9._ playing baseball very much.We often 10._ it together.am live teachesdrawinggoeswentworkswalkslikesplay三、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. _(be) these your shoes? 2. I can _(play) football every day. 3. I want to _(buy) some flowers for my mother. 4. Listen!Who is _(sing) over there? 5. He _(do) morning exercises every morning. 6. _ your mother _(wash) the clothes every day? 7. He _(not teach) English in our school. 8. He _(leave) his homework at home this morning.AreplaybuysingingdoeswashDoesdoesnt teachleft 9. Where _(be) the twins last night? 10. Can I _(watch) TV now? 11. My father likes _(collect) stamps. 12. Joes aunt _(work) in a factory last year. 13. We should _(help) each other. 14. The sun _(rise) in the east. 15. No _(smoke)! 16. _(have) this orange, please. 17. She _(stay) at home today. 18. Jack is good at _(run), and he is _(run) on the playground now.werewatchcollectingworkedhelprisessmokingHavestaysrunningrunning四、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Last term we _(have) eight subjects. We all _(study) very hard. 2. They _(go) to the park next Friday. 3. Its 10:00 in the morning. The pupils _(have) lessons in the classrooms now.hadstudiedwill go / are goingare having 4. My mother _(go) shopping in the morning and _(take) exercise in the afternoon every day. 5. It _(be) always rainy and foggy last weekend, but this week it _(be) much _(good). 6. My brother and my sister _(be not) in China last year. They _(go) to England to _(study) English.goestakeswasisbetterwerentwentstudy 7. Listen! Who _(sing)? Oh, this is Miss Green. She always _(sing) and _(dance) in the music room after school. Next Monday she _ (sing) for us in class. 8. _ your friends _(come) to your birthday party yesterday? Yes, and they _(give) me a lot of birthday presents.is singingsingsdanceswill/is going to singDidcomegave五、單項(xiàng)填空。( )1. Can I _ your bike?Sure.A. ride B. riding C. to ride( )2. My father _ a new car. He _ it very much.A. have; like B. has; likes C. has; likeAB( )3. _ he often _ his homework at school?A. Does; do B. Does; does C. Do; does( )4. What is she doing?She _.A. sings B. will dance C. is tidying her room( )5. I want to go _.A. swim B. to swimming C. swimmingA CC( )6. The sun _ down in the west.A. go B. is going to C. goes( )7. Mary often helps her mum _ the dishes. A. does B. do C. doing ( )8. I enjoy _ to music.A. listen B. listening C. listenedCBB( )9. Father _ on his coat and went out.A. puts B. put C. putting( )10. I _ to the teacher, but I didnt _ him.A. listen; heard B. listened; heard C. listened; hear( )11. He _ after he finishes his homework.A. plays B. is going to play C. played BCB( )12. What _ you _ last weekend? A. will; do B. does; do C. did; do ( )13. Tony _ to school by bike last year.A. goes B. went C. will go( )14. Mr Smith _ to see you in an hour.A. came B. comes C. will comeCBC( )15. How soon _ they _ back from work? A. do; come B. did; come C. will; come ( )16. We _ TV at home this time yesterday afternoon. A. were watching B. watch C. would watch ( )17. Where _ you this morning?I _ at a meeting. A. were; was B. are; am C. do; amCAA( )18. My friend Peter _ very well. A. swim B. running C. sings ( )19. Li Lei _ like fish, but his sister _.A. dont; do B. doesnt; does C. isnt; is( )20. Dont _ in class. Lets _ to the teacher.A. talking; listening B. talks; listens C. talk; listenCBC六、按要求完成下列句子。1.Jenny will be a doctor in the future.（改為一般疑問句）_2.He did his homework last night.（改為一般疑問句，并作肯定回答）_Will Jenny be a doctor in the future?Did he do his homework last night?Yes,he did.3.He is _.（就畫線部分提問）_4.Sarah can swim.（改為否定句）_5.My friend and I are going to play baseball next week.（用last week 改寫）_What is he doing?listening to musicSarah cant swim.My friend and I played baseball last week.