Unit 3 puters一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 (2018福州市高三畢業(yè)班適應(yīng)性練習(xí))No human has set foot on the Moon since 1972.Now，after more than four decades of inactivity，interest in putting humans back on the Moon is finally heating up again.But who will get there first?CHINAOn 14 December 2013，China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover(探測(cè)車(chē))on the Moon.It is now working on its next exploration mission.Named Change 4，the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018.If successful，it will be the first landing on the Moons far side.RUSSIARussia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030.It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)INDIAFollowing the success of its Chandrayaan1 in 2008，India announced a followon mission.Chandrayaan2 was meant to cooperate with Russia.But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013，India decided to go it alone.Chandrayaan2 is about to be sent up in 2018.USAIn December 2018，NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1，an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will circle around the Moon before returning to Earth.All being well，a crewed capsule will follow in 2023.Should the mission prove a success，the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972.1What will China do in its next space mission?AImprove its Jade Rabbit rover.BWork with other countries.CLand Change 4 on the Moon.DExplore the south pole of the Moon.2Why did India try to carry out its followon mission alone?AIt couldnt find a partner.BIt didnt get the lander as planned.CThe Russians refused to work with India.DIt planned to launch Chandrayaan2 in advance.3Which country is interested in resources on the Moon?ARussia.BChina.CIndia. DUSA.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了中國(guó)、俄羅斯、印度和美國(guó)的登月計(jì)劃。【難句分析】It is currently working an a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)為whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞a project；該定語(yǔ)從句中含有that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。譯文：當(dāng)前(俄羅斯)正啟動(dòng)一項(xiàng)工程，其思路是登陸器將探索月球的南極，尋找礦物質(zhì)和水冰等資源以供人類前哨站使用。1C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Named Change 4, the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018”可知，嫦娥四號(hào)將在2018年底降落在月球Aitken Basin地區(qū)。據(jù)此可知，中國(guó)的下一步空間計(jì)劃是嫦娥四號(hào)登月，故C項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第三段第二句“It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon”可知，探索月球南極是俄羅斯的計(jì)劃，而不是中國(guó)的計(jì)劃，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；A、B項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及。2B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段第三句“But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013, India decided to go it alone”可知，由于俄羅斯沒(méi)能給印度提供著陸器，故印度決定自己實(shí)施登月計(jì)劃，故B項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Chandrayaan2 was meant to cooperate with Russia”可知，印度Chandrayaan2任務(wù)計(jì)劃和俄羅斯合作完成，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第四段第三句可知，俄羅斯沒(méi)能給印度提供著陸器，而不是拒絕合作，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及。3A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段第二句“It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)”可知，當(dāng)前俄羅斯正啟動(dòng)一項(xiàng)工程，其思路是登陸器將探索月球的南極，尋找礦物質(zhì)和水冰等資源以供人類前哨站使用。故A項(xiàng)正確。二、單句語(yǔ)法填空1Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they _(promise) before.答案：have been promised由主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及從句的時(shí)間副詞before可知，本從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且they和promise之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填have been promised。2_(person), I think he is a very good man, but you may not agree.答案：Personally副詞personally “就我個(gè)人而言”，相當(dāng)于personally speaking。3It wont be long _we know the result of the experiment.答案：beforeIt wont be long before . “不久之后就”，是固定句式。4He was _(total) uninterested in sports.答案：totally應(yīng)用副詞修飾形容詞uninterested，故填totally。5An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the _(solve) clearly in mind.答案：solution由空前the可知此處應(yīng)用名詞solution “解決方法”。6A man stood up and crossed his arms over his head, _ (signal) that he was strongly opposed.答案：signalling句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞stood和crossed，由空前逗號(hào)知應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，且signal與邏輯主語(yǔ)A man之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且signal和句子謂語(yǔ)stood up及crossed所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，因此填signalling。7Several problems like those _(arise) at the power plant so far.答案：have arisen由“so far”可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。8The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _(explore) society for reallife experience.答案：to explorehave an opportunity to do sth. “有機(jī)會(huì)做某事”。9The law needs to be _(simple)答案：simplifiedneed to do sth. “需要做某事”，由設(shè)空前的be動(dòng)詞及句意可知，此處需用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填simplified。10We received 400 _(apply) for the job.答案：applications由修飾限定詞400可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞，且用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。三、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。I lived in Dallas，Texas nearly all my life with my dad，mom and younger brother.We were raised to _1_ others，value education，and get all that we could out of life.My parents always say，“Work _2_ and the world is yours.”They are _3_ without a helpful word of_4_ or a bit of encouragement when life gets_5_.My parents always _6_ me to go to college.However, when I_7_ at 16 years old that Id rather get married to a man _8_ go to college，they never stopped telling me they loved me and I could do anything I wanted to.Thankfully，they persuaded me.I graduated from high school and currently _9_ the University of Oklahoma studying medicine.I want to make the world a_10_ place to live in.Every time I call home to tell them about a grade received in the chemistry lab or_11_ class it is that Im working hardest on for the moment，they tell me how _12_ of me they are.I know there are college kids out there that have no one to _13_ home to when they get an“A”on a project and I feel incredibly_14_ to have my parents.They never_15_ loving me or believing in me.Parents are the best gift that God gives me._16_ their constant love and encouragement，I wouldnt believe I can _17_ the world.My parents _18_ me to always fight for what I _19_ in.So Im working toward something really great and can only hope I_20_ to make them proud.1A.inspireBrespectCguide Dfollow2A.hard BsolidlyCattentively Dintelligently3A.sometimes BanytimeCever Dnever4A.method BadviceCeducation Dintroduction5A.tough BsmoothCbright Dhappy6A.reminded BsupposedCdesigned Dexpected7A.decided BhesitatedCjudged Dremembered8A.but BandCthan Dwhile9A.joined BattendedCserved Dadmitted10A.fortable BsuitableCpeaceful Dbetter11A.whenever BwhicheverCwherever Dhowever12A.ashamed BnervousCproud Dmodest13A.go BrunCreturn Dcall14A.blessed BannoyedCpraised Drelaxed15A.stopped BhelpedCblamed Dprevented16A.With BWithoutCUnder DBeneath17A.change BdestroyCconquer Dchallenge18A.forced BorderedCallowed Dtaught19A.enjoy BworkCbelieve Dlive20A.want BwishChave Dcontinue【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】爸爸、媽媽、弟弟和“我”住在達(dá)拉斯，父母教育我們要尊重別人，重視教育，他們的愛(ài)和鼓勵(lì)對(duì)“我”意義重大。1B根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，父母教育我們要尊重別人，重視教育。respect意為“尊敬，尊重”，符合語(yǔ)境。2A父母總是教育我們：“努力工作，世界就是你們的。”故選A。3D當(dāng)生活變得艱難時(shí)，父母總會(huì)給我們有益的建議或一些鼓勵(lì)。never without為雙重否定，表示肯定的意思。4B參見(jiàn)上題解析。a helpful word of advice表示“有用的建議”。5A參見(jiàn)3題解析。tough“艱難的，艱苦的”。6D根據(jù)該段中的“Thankfully, they persuaded me”可知，父母一直期望“我”上大學(xué)并最終說(shuō)服了“我”。expect“期望，期待”。7A根據(jù)下文父母對(duì)“我”的勸說(shuō)可知，16歲時(shí)“我”決定(decided)結(jié)婚而不是上大學(xué)。8C16歲時(shí)“我”決定結(jié)婚而不是上大學(xué)。would rather.than.為固定用法，表示“寧愿而不愿”。9B根據(jù)文中的“they persuaded me.I graduated from high school and.medicine”可知，“我”高中畢業(yè)后上了一所大學(xué)。attend意為“經(jīng)常去，定期去(學(xué)校、教堂等)”。10D根據(jù)文中的“the University of Oklahoma studying medicine”可知，“我”主修醫(yī)學(xué)，想讓這個(gè)世界成為更好的(better)可供人們生活的地方。11B每次當(dāng)“我”打電話告訴他們“我”在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的成績(jī)或是“我”當(dāng)時(shí)正努力學(xué)習(xí)的任何一門(mén)課程時(shí)，他們會(huì)告訴“我”他們以“我”為傲。whichever class意為“無(wú)論哪一門(mén)課”。12C父母以“我”取得的成績(jī)而自豪。be proud of為固定用法，意為“以自豪”。13D“我”知道有的大學(xué)生在得到一個(gè)“A”時(shí)，因沒(méi)家人所以無(wú)法打電話回家。故選D。14A和那些得了“A”卻沒(méi)有家人可告知的同學(xué)相比，“我”有這樣的父母是非常有福的。blessed意義“有福的”。15A父母從不停止對(duì)“我”的愛(ài)，從不停止對(duì)“我”的信賴。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”。16B沒(méi)有(Without)父母持續(xù)不斷的愛(ài)和鼓勵(lì)，“我”不可能相信“我”能改變世界。17A參見(jiàn)上題解析。故選A。18D父母一直教育(taught)“我”去為“我”認(rèn)為對(duì)的事而奮斗。19C參見(jiàn)上題解析。believe in sth.“認(rèn)為某事好(或?qū)?、可接?”，符合語(yǔ)境。20D“我”會(huì)繼續(xù)努力，希望父母繼續(xù)為“我”感到自豪。continue to do sth.表示“繼續(xù)做某事”，為固定用法。四、單句改錯(cuò)1We are sure that everything will be better with time goes by._答案：withas或goesgoingas time goes by與with time going by均表示“隨著時(shí)間的推移”。as在此為連詞，后接句子；with為介詞，可看作with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。2Can you give me some advice on what to deal with this problem?_答案：whathow或dealdowhat to do with . how to deal with . “如何處理”。3There is very much homework that I cant have much time to experience nature._答案：verysoso . that . “如此以至于”。4He was late as a result the heavy snow._答案：result后加ofas a result of . “由于”。5I am always dreaming of visiting China, and now my dream has been e true._答案：去掉beene true是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。五、七選五By 2025，water shortage will be a big problem for about 1.8 billion people.In a world where water resource is increasingly short，nations cannot afford to waste it._1_After we use water in our homes and businesses，it is washed away，and takes many valuable resources with it.Waste water is rich in carbon and nutrients._2_ A number of nations and major cities have already built waste water treatment plants.They can effectively recover nutrients and bioenergy，and produce “new water” that can be reused.But more than 80% of all waste water still currently flows into natural ecosystems，polluting the environment and taking valuable nutrients and other recoverable materials with it._3_ This is still better than the situation in smaller cities.In Latin American countries，those living in small and mediumsized cities at most treat it in the form of septic tanks (化糞池)that lack regular and proper maintenance.Imagine that outside one of these small cities lies a lovely piece of land：on the surface it is pleasingly built and provides habitats for local wildlife.Beneath the surface is a wetland that treats waste water and produces energy.The energy produced saves families from having to use firewood collected in the wild.This is not a dream project._4_ A team of scientists have been looking into the potential of constructed wetland environments.Having analyzed 800 examples of biomass in more than 20 countries，they found that，depending on climate and the type of plant used in the construction of this type of wetland，up to 45 hectares of land could be irrigated with waste water._5_ABut that is exactly what we do.BThis can provide easy access to clean water.CThere is no longer any good reason to waste any type of water.DA constructed wetland environment is already in practice on a small scale.EThis would reduce the need for fresh water for irrigation and energy for pumping.FIf collected and treated properly，it could provide “new water”，fertilizer，and energy.GAlthough waste water systems in large cities are effective，the whole procedure usually costs much.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了當(dāng)前世界水資源的現(xiàn)狀以及有效利用水資源的方法。1A上文說(shuō)在水資源短缺的大環(huán)境下，很多國(guó)家不能承擔(dān)浪費(fèi)(的后果)，下文說(shuō)我們用完水后，就直接把水沖走。根據(jù)上下文可知，A項(xiàng)“但是那正是我們所做的”與此處匹配，起承上啟下作用，故選A。2F上文說(shuō)廢水富含碳元素和養(yǎng)分，而F項(xiàng)說(shuō)如果收集和處理得當(dāng)，它就能提供“新的水”、肥料和能量，前后形成語(yǔ)義上的銜接，故選F。3G下文講述的是拉丁美洲的中小城市的廢水處理系統(tǒng)缺乏常規(guī)和合適的維護(hù)，而G項(xiàng)提到大城市的廢水處理系統(tǒng)有效但成本高，與本段內(nèi)容吻合，故選G。4D上文提到在這些小城市建造濕地環(huán)境的設(shè)想，下文提到已經(jīng)有科學(xué)家在研究建造的濕地環(huán)境的潛力了，由此可知，D項(xiàng)“建造的濕地環(huán)境已經(jīng)在小范圍的實(shí)踐中了”符合語(yǔ)境。5E上文講述的是這種解決方案的另一種好處是人們可以用廢水灌溉農(nóng)田，而E說(shuō)這可以減少用淡水灌溉的需求及抽水所需的能量，前后語(yǔ)義銜接，故選E。