高二英語選修8 unit 1 A land of diversity導(dǎo)學(xué)案Period4 Grammar一The Noun Clauses (名詞性從句)名詞性從句在句子中起金詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(Noun Clauses)o名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句(Subject Clause)>賓語從句(Object Clause) > 表語從句(Predicative Clause)和同位語從句(AppositiveClause一.預(yù)習(xí)自測說出劃線部分是什么從句Who will win the match is still unknown. ()I want to know what he has told you.()The fact is that we have lost the game. ()The news that we won the game is exciting. ()二.合作探究閱讀主語從句部分并體會主語從句的用法：合作探究一：.主語從句：一個句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語叫主語從句。常用引導(dǎo)詞：連接詞：that(無詞義)whether (是否)That he will come and help us is certain.Whether we stay or not makes no difference.連接代詞:who(ever) /whom/ what(ever)/ which(ever) / whoseWho will go to the energy conference is not important.連接副詞：when / where/ how/ whyWhen and where the test will be given is not decided注意:1.引導(dǎo)主語從句的連詞是不能省略的。例如：That the earth is round istrue.2. That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that.從句置于句末，例如:It is true that the earth is round.結(jié)構(gòu)：a. It + be +形容詞+ that從句It is necessary that.有必要.It is important that重要的是.It is obvious that很明顯b. It + be + pp.+ that-從句It is believed that人們相信 It is known to all that從所周知 It has beendecided that. .己決定c. It + be +名詞 + that-從句It is common knowledge that 是常識 It is a surprise that. 令人驚奇的是It is a fact that.事實是d. It +不及物動詞+ that.分句It appears that似乎 It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起2. 表示“是否，噫義時，一般用whether而不用if引導(dǎo)主語從句，Whether she will come or not is still a question3. 有時可用形式主語it代替主語從句：e.g. It is still a question whether she will come or not .It has not been decided yet when they will start.4. 從句做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。e.g. When we will start has not been decided yet.注意：以what開始的主語從句如果后面的表語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，系動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What he wants to buy are three books and two pens.四當(dāng)堂檢測：練一練！l.It is obvious to the studentsthey should get well prepared for their future.A. asB. which C. whether D. that2. wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A. Anyone B. The one C. WhoeverD. Who3.1t is not immediately clearthe Hnancial crisis will soon be over.A. since B. what C.whenD. whetherleaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. WhoeverD. Whothe sports meet will be held depends on the weather.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. Thatis a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It合作探究二賓語從句：一個句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語就叫賓語從句連接詞：that(無詞義)/ whether / ife.g. I don't know whether (if)ynu are willing to help me .連接代詞：what(ever)/ who(ever)/ whose/ which(ever)等連接副詞：when where how why 等特別提示1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分。I'm glad that you have passed the exam .2. 有些詞或詞組如 hate, love,enjoy,dislike, feel like, appreciate, take(認(rèn)為),relyon, dont mind等，習(xí)慣上后面跟it做形式賓語，再接套語從句。I take it that you will agree with us.3. 在接復(fù)合賓語的句子中，為了保持句子平衡，用it作形式賓語，而將從句放在句尾。常帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞有:make/find/see/hear/feel/think等。I think it necessary that I take plenty of water every day.4. 某些動詞后的食語從句常用虛擬語氣，如insist, order, request, suggest等。I suggested that we (should) start before 5 o' clock.5. 必須用whether引導(dǎo)，不可用if:1) .從句后有 or not 時,不可用 if;I don't know whether he will come or not.2) .介詞賓語通常用 whether 引導(dǎo):It depends on whether he is coming or not.3) .后接動詞不定式時。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?4) .discuss后面的賓語從句解釋為是否用whetherImagine you are in this situation, and discuss whether you should do something atonce5.必須用whether引導(dǎo)，不可用if:1) .從句后有 or not 時,不可用 if:I doif t know whether he will come or not .2) .介詞賓語通常用 whether 引導(dǎo) It depends on whether he is coming or not.3) .后接動詞不定式時。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?4) .discuss后面的賓語從句解釋為是否用whetherImagine you are in this situation, and discuss whether you should do something atonce5）主語從句放在句首Whether we stay or not makes no difference.6）表語從句和同位語從句The question is whether we can get there on time .7）當(dāng)it做形式主語whether / if都可引導(dǎo)主語從句It hasnt been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting.6. 用 who, whom, which（ever）, whose,when,what（ever）, where, why, how, whoever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序（特殊疑問詞+主語+謂語，be也是動詞）Do you know how old he is? I want to know what he has told you.She always thinks of how she can work well.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。7. think, believe, imagine, suppose等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健＜磳木渲械姆穸ㄐ问揭频街骶渲?。例如：We don5t think you are here. 我們認(rèn)為你不在這。I don't believe he will do so.我相信他不會這樣做。如果主句主語為第一人稱反意疑問句常與從句的主語和謂語保持一致；其他情況看主句。例如：I don't believe she has been to Australia, has she?我認(rèn)為她沒去澳大利亞，是嗎？I don't believe that he can translate this book, ?She thinks that her husband is the best one in theteam, ?doubt問題1.1 doubt if / whether he will pass the exam.肯定句中用 if / whether2.1 dont doubt that we will win the match.否定句中用 that3. Do you doubt that he did it on his own? 一般疑問句中用 that1.1 doubthe is telling the truth.2. We never doubtthe plan will be carried out .3. Does he doubt you are from Austria?4.I'm doubtfulhe will agree to this.合作探究三：賓語從句賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：(1) 當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，第二個that不能省；(2) 當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時,that不可省掉。(3)用it做形式賓語的賓語從句Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.四.當(dāng)堂檢測:1. He askedfor a violin.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. howmuch I paid2. It is generally considered unwise to give a childhe or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever3. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to doit takes to save herlife.A .whichever B. however C .whatever D. whoever4. The true value of life is not in, butA. which we get; what give weB. what we get; what we giveC. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give5. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know.A. how she is getting alongB. how is she getting alongC. what she is getting alongD. what is she getting along6. I don't doubt he'll come. A. that B. if C. what D.whether7. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.連接代詞：A. if B. where C. whether D. that合作探究三:表語從句一個句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語就叫表語從句.連接詞：that/whether/as if/as though/becausewho/whom/what/which/whose連接副詞：when/where/how/whyThe problem is that I am short of money. The question is how we can eet there .It looks as if it is coine to rain.特別提醒1. 主句的主語是ad vice,suggestion,order, request等名詞時，表語從句的謂語要虛擬。His suggestion is that we (should) go now.2. 主句的主語是reason時，表語從句常用that；若表原因用because,表結(jié)果用why.The reason for his absence was that he was ill.He forgot it. That was why he didn't call me.He didn*t call me. That was because he forgot it.what與that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時的區(qū)別：what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語，賓語，表語等.that在句子中只起連接作用，沒有意義.(1) Whvt you said yesterday is right.(2) That the earth coes aroand the sun is well-known to everybody.四. 當(dāng)堂檢測：l. What the doctors really doubt ismy mother will recover from the seriousdisease soon.A. when B. how C. whether D. why2.1 drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is thatyou had a few days off ?A. why B. what C. when D. where3. she couldn't understand wasfewer and fewer students showedinterest in her lessons.A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that4. The true value of life is not in, but.A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we giveC. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give5. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to knowA. how she is getting along B. how is she getting alongC. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along6.1 don't doubthell come.A that B. if C what D. whether7. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.A. if B. where C. whether D. that1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class?2. I donft know where has he cone.3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter wes.規(guī)律一：名詞從句中須使用陳述語4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable.規(guī)律二：注意虛擬語氣的使用！問題：此類虛擬語氣有哪些關(guān)鍵詞？( )五. 總結(jié)提升：典型錯誤及歸納找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：7. If we will have a meeting hasn't been decided yet.8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.10. He asked me if I could go with him or not.規(guī)律三：4種情況只能用whether : (1)位于句子開頭；(2)前面有介詞；3)引導(dǎo)表語從句；(4)與or not連用。找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：1.1 think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.3. Everybody considers it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such ashort time.4. It doesn't matter that you will come or not規(guī)律四：主語從句和賓語從句在適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下可以借助“it”而后置。問題：想想看是什么“適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r”？Homework:Exxl ,2,3 on p.5 and Exxl,2 on p.49.