2019-2020年高考英語一輪 語法專題7 虛擬語氣01 譯林牛津版高考預練1. -Hello, this is 77553861.A. How are you? B. Will you e tonight?C. Can I take a mesage? D. Is that Mike?2. Tom suggested that we _such a meeting, but Jenny insisted that it _of great importance.A. not hold ; should be B. didnt hold ; be C. hold ; was D. not hold ; was3. You should take the medicine after you read the _.A. lines B. instructions C. words D. suggestions4. -Hi, Tracy, you look tired.-I am tired. I_ the living-room all day.A. painted B. have been painting C. had painted D. have painted5. Im sorry. I _ you_ to me.A. dont know; are speaking B. dont know ;were speakingC. didnt know; were speaking D. didnt know; are speaking6. "Please _why youre so late," said his girlfriend.A. excuse B. explain C. apologize D. tell7. The rescue team made every _ to find the missing mountain climber.A. force B. energy C. effort D. possibility8. -" Would you mind the window? Its hot here!" May said.-"_. "Tom replied.A. to open ; No, please B. open ; Yes, pleaseC. opening; No, of course not D. opening ; Yes, please9. The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.A. to be tied B. being tied C. tied D. having tied10. The reason_ he didnt e was _ he had to take care of his sick mother.A. why ; that B. why ; which C. which ; why D. that ; for11. We _ so tired. Weve only been to a party.A. mustnt have felt B. wouldnt have feltC. shouldnt have felt D. couldnt have felt12. The girl_ on the ground _to me that she had_ the book on the shelf.A. lying ; lay ; laid B. lay ; lied ; laidC. lie ; lied ; lay D. lying; lied ; laid13. -I heard that as many as 4 000 people were killed in 9-Yes. _ news came as _shock to us.A. the ; the B. the ; a C, / ; / D. / ; a14. Neither of them knew what was doing.A. other B. others C. the other D. another15. Sometimes words alone were not enough to _pupils along the path of knowledgeA. provide B. persuade C. advise D. cause參考答案15 DDBBC 610 BCCCA 1115 CBBDB1D本題考查日常的交際用語。此題只要細心一些，應該不難找出答案。2D本題是虛擬語氣的考查，雖然高考對虛擬語氣不作要求，但是此題涉及單詞的使用，還是值得重視。前一空中本應為should not hold，但should省略；后一空不用虛擬語氣，insist在這兒指“堅決認為”。3B本題是詞語的辨析。instructions通常是指說明和說明書，故B選項符合題意。4B本題是對動詞時態(tài)的考查。解此題的關(guān)鍵是抓住答語中的aday，而D項只表示動作已經(jīng)完成，沒有強調(diào)一直做。5C本題一直是考生的一個難點。一定要注意I am sorry表明后面所說的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，要用一般過去式。6B本題是四個動詞的辨析。excuse表示“借口”、“原諒”等意思，explain表示“解釋”；apologize為不及物動詞，后接for。7C本題是一道名詞的辨析題。make every effort是固定的詞組，意為“付出努力”。8C本題是在情境對話中考查非謂語動詞。mind后必須接動詞-ing形式，可以排除A、B兩項。后一空依靠理解可以正確解答?！安?，我不介意?！?。9C本題又是一道獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略考查。同樣的方法，將原句恢復：“with hands(where were)tied behind his back”10A本題是一道定語從句與賓語從句的交叉考查。why引導的從句作為句中的定語，that引導的從句作為句中的賓語。11C本題是情態(tài)動詞的考查。should(not)后接動詞的完成式表示“本來(不)應該做但實際上做了”的含義。12B本題詞型相近的幾個動詞的辨析。lie表示“撒謊”，過去式和過去分詞分別是lied，lied；表示“躺”，分別是lay，lain。lay表示“放”，過去式和過去分詞分別是laid，laid。13B本題是冠詞的考查。News特指前面一個人所說的話，所以加上the；后一個空為固定用法，a shock t0 sb表示“給某人震驚”。14D本題是代詞的考查。理解句子的意思就比較容易分析此題：“他們誰也不知道其他人干什么?！敝挥蠨選項符合題意。15B本題是動詞詞義的辨析。provide表示“提供”；，pemuade表示“勸服”；advise表示“建議”；cause表示“引導”，所以B項是正確的。 英語中有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設、猜測或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實。考點一虛擬語氣用于條件句中1表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反：條件狀語從句中謂語動詞用一般過去時（be的過去式用were）；主句中謂語動詞用would（should，could，might）動詞原形。If I were you，I would study hard.2表示與過去事實相反：條件狀語從句中謂語動詞用had過去分詞；主句中謂語動詞用would（should，could， might）have過去分詞。If he had taken my advice，he would have passed the test.3表示與將來的事實相反：條件狀語從句中謂語動詞用一般過去時或should動詞原形或were to動詞原形；主句中謂語動詞用would（should，could，might）動詞原形。If it were to rain tomorrow，they would not go to the cinema.注意：1）if條件句中只要用了過去的時態(tài)就說明該句要使用虛擬語氣。2）if條件句中只出現(xiàn)一個表示與將來事實相反的情態(tài)動詞should。3）含有if條件句的虛擬語氣中，主句都要用情態(tài)動詞，且都可理解為過去式?？键c二wish賓語從句中的虛擬語氣用法在wish后的賓語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反，或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，從句中通常用虛擬語氣。從句中謂語動詞的構(gòu)成形式為：1表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，從句中謂語動詞用過去式（be動詞一般用were）。I wish it were spring now.2表示對過去情況的虛擬，從句中謂語動詞常用had過去分詞。I wish he had e yesterday.3表示對將來的主觀愿望，從句中動詞常用would/could/might動詞原形。I wish it would be fine tomorrow.考點三謂語動詞必須用“（should）動詞原形”的情況1表示“建議，要求，命令”的動詞：一堅持（insist），二命令（order，mand），三建議（suggest，propose，advise），四要求（demand，require，request，ask）后面的賓語從句或是由it作形式主語的主語從句中的謂語動詞要用“（should）動詞原形”。這些詞相應的名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語動詞也要用“（should）動詞原形”。The teacher ordered that the homework（should）be handed in on time.It is suggested that the meeting（should）be put off.My idea is that we（should）think it over.注意：suggest作“表明，暗示”講時，不用虛擬語氣；insist作“堅持認為”講時，不用虛擬語氣。The smile on his face suggested he was happy.The boy insisted he hadnt stolen the money.2在It is important /strange/ natural/ necessary/a pity/a shame等that從句，表示情緒、觀點等，主語從句中的謂語動詞用“（should）動詞原形”，should可以省略。It is a pity that he（should）refuse to accept the offer.考點四虛擬語氣在其他句型中的使用1在as if/ as though引導的狀語從句中，若從句與事實相反，則要用虛擬語氣。其形式如下：主語as if/ though主語一般過去時（從句的動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生）主語as if/ though主語would/could動詞原形（從句的動作相對主句來說在將來發(fā)生）主語as if/ though主語過去完成時（從句的動作先發(fā)生于主句動作之前）He talks as if he knew all about it.He walked slowly as though he had hurt his leg.2在It is（high）time that.句型中也用虛擬語氣，從句常用過去式，有時也用should動詞原形，should不可以省略。表示“是時候做了”，含“建議”的意味。It is time that we studied hard.3would rather后接動詞原形，但接從句時要用虛擬語氣（寧愿，但愿）。would rather主語一般過去時（表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r相反）would rather主語過去完成時（表示與過去事實相反）Id rather he didnt go now.Id rather you hadnt told Mike the bad news.4if only “要是就好了”。表示與現(xiàn)在或未來事實相反的愿望時，句子謂語動詞用一般過去時；表示與過去事實相反的愿望時，句子謂語動詞用過去完成時。If only I had passed the driving test last week!5動詞hope，intend，mean，plan，want，think等詞的過去完成時形式，通常表示“本想，本打算，本認為”。He had hoped to e to the party，but it began to rain.考點五含蓄虛擬條件句有時候假設的情況不以if引導的條件句形式表現(xiàn)出來，而是通過一個介詞短語、連詞或其他形式表示。常用的詞或短語有：without，with，but for（要是沒有），otherwise，or，but等。Without your help（If we had not had your help），we could not have finished the task.He felt very tired yesterday，or/otherwise he would have e to the party.考點六錯綜時間條件句中的虛擬語氣當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，稱為“錯綜時間條件句”，動詞的形式要根據(jù)各自主從句所表示的時間作出相應的調(diào)整。If you had followed my advice，you would recover.（從句說的是過去，主句說的是現(xiàn)在）If I were you，I would have gone abroad.（從句是現(xiàn)在，主句說的是過去）考點七省略if的虛擬語氣如果if從句中含有were/ should/ had時，則可以省略if，把這三個詞置于句首，采用倒裝語序。If I were you，I would go to the party.Were I you，I would go to the party.If it should happen，what would you do？Should it happen，what would you do?If you had e earlier，you would catch the bus.Had you e earlier，you would catch the bus.