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2019-2020年高考英語一輪 語法專題7 虛擬語氣01 譯林牛津版 高考預練 1. --Hello, this is 77553861. A. How are you? B. Will you e tonight? C. Can I take a mesage? D. Is that Mike? 2. Tom suggested that we __________such a meeting, but Jenny insisted that it _________of great importance. A. not hold ; should be B. didnt hold ; be C. hold ; was D. not hold ; was 3. You should take the medicine after you read the __________. A. lines B. instructions C. words D. suggestions 4. --Hi, Tracy, you look tired. --I am tired. I__________ the living-room all day. A. painted B. have been painting C. had painted D. have painted 5. Im sorry. I _____________ you__________ to me. A. dont know; are speaking B. dont know ;were speaking C. didnt know; were speaking D. didnt know; are speaking 6. "Please __________why youre so late," said his girlfriend. A. excuse B. explain C. apologize D. tell 7. The rescue team made every __________ to find the missing mountain climber. A. force B. energy C. effort D. possibility 8. --" Would you mind the window? Its hot here!" May said. --"__________. "Tom replied. A. to open ; No, please B. open ; Yes, please C. opening; No, of course not D. opening ; Yes, please 9. The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back. A. to be tied B. being tied C. tied D. having tied 10. The reason_________ he didnt e was _________ he had to take care of his sick mother. A. why ; that B. why ; which C. which ; why D. that ; for 11. We __________ so tired. Weve only been to a party. A. mustnt have felt B. wouldnt have felt C. shouldnt have felt D. couldnt have felt 12. The girl__________ on the ground __________to me that she had___________ the book on the shelf. A. lying ; lay ; laid B. lay ; lied ; laid C. lie ; lied ; lay D. lying; lied ; laid 13. --I heard that as many as 4 000 people were killed in 9 --Yes. __________ news came as __________shock to us. A. the ; the B. the ; a C, / ; / D. / ; a 14. Neither of them knew what was doing. A. other B. others C. the other D. another 15. Sometimes words alone were not enough to _________pupils along the path of knowledge A. provide B. persuade C. advise D. cause 參考答案1—5 DDBBC 6—10 BCCCA 11—15 CBBDB 1．D本題考查日常的交際用語。此題只要細心一些，應該不難找出答案。 2．D本題是虛擬語氣的考查，雖然高考對虛擬語氣不作要求，但是此題涉及單詞的使用，還是值得重視。前一空中本應為should not hold，但should省略；后一空不用虛擬語氣，insist在這兒指“堅決認為”。 3．B本題是詞語的辨析。instructions通常是指說明和說明書，故B選項符合題意。 4．B本題是對動詞時態(tài)的考查。解此題的關鍵是抓住答語中的aⅡday，而D項只表示動作已經完成，沒有強調一直做。 5．C本題一直是考生的一個難點。一定要注意I am sorry表明后面所說的動作已經發(fā)生，要用一般過去式。 6．B本題是四個動詞的辨析。excuse表示“借口”、“原諒”等意思，explain表示“解釋”；apologize為不及物動詞，后接for。 7．C本題是一道名詞的辨析題。make every effort是固定的詞組，意為“付出努力”。 8．C本題是在情境對話中考查非謂語動詞。mind后必須接動詞-ing形式，可以排除A、B兩項。后一空依靠理解可以正確解答?！安?，我不介意?！?。 9．C本題又是一道獨立主格結構中的省略考查。同樣的方法，將原句恢復：“with hands(where were)tied behind his back．” 10．A本題是一道定語從句與賓語從句的交叉考查。why引導的從句作為句中的定語，that引導的從句作為句中的賓語。 11．C本題是情態(tài)動詞的考查。should(not)后接動詞的完成式表示“本來(不)應該做但實際上做了”的含義。 12．B本題詞型相近的幾個動詞的辨析。lie表示“撒謊”，過去式和過去分詞分別是lied，lied；表示“躺”，分別是lay，lain。lay表示“放”，過去式和過去分詞分別是laid，laid。 13．B本題是冠詞的考查。News特指前面一個人所說的話，所以加上the；后一個空為固定用法，a shock t0 sb．表示“給某人震驚”。 14．D本題是代詞的考查。理解句子的意思就比較容易分析此題：“他們誰也不知道其他人干什么?！敝挥蠨選項符合題意。 15．B本題是動詞詞義的辨析。provide表示“提供”；，pemuade表示“勸服”；advise表示“建議”；cause表示“引導”，所以B項是正確的。 英語中有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設、猜測或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實。 考點一　虛擬語氣用于條件句中 1．表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反：條件狀語從句中謂語動詞用一般過去時（be的過去式用were）；主句中謂語動詞用would（should，could，might）＋動詞原形。 If I were you，I would study hard. 2．表示與過去事實相反：條件狀語從句中謂語動詞用had＋過去分詞；主句中謂語動詞用would（should，could， might）＋have＋過去分詞。 If he had taken my advice，he would have passed the test. 3．表示與將來的事實相反：條件狀語從句中謂語動詞用一般過去時或should＋動詞原形或were to＋動詞原形；主句中謂語動詞用would（should，could，might）＋動詞原形。 If it were to rain tomorrow，they would not go to the cinema. 注意：1）if條件句中只要用了過去的時態(tài)就說明該句要使用虛擬語氣。 2）if條件句中只出現(xiàn)一個表示與將來事實相反的情態(tài)動詞should。 3）含有if條件句的虛擬語氣中，主句都要用情態(tài)動詞，且都可理解為過去式。 考點二　wish賓語從句中的虛擬語氣用法 在wish后的賓語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反，或對將來的主觀愿望，從句中通常用虛擬語氣。從句中謂語動詞的構成形式為： 1．表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，從句中謂語動詞用過去式（be動詞一般用were）。 I wish it were spring now. 2．表示對過去情況的虛擬，從句中謂語動詞常用had＋過去分詞。 I wish he had e yesterday. 3．表示對將來的主觀愿望，從句中動詞常用would/could/might＋動詞原形。 I wish it would be fine tomorrow. 考點三　謂語動詞必須用“（should）＋動詞原形”的情況 1．表示“建議，要求，命令”的動詞：一堅持（insist），二命令（order，mand），三建議（suggest，propose，advise），四要求（demand，require，request，ask）后面的賓語從句或是由it作形式主語的主語從句中的謂語動詞要用“（should）＋動詞原形”。這些詞相應的名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語動詞也要用“（should）＋動詞原形”。 The teacher ordered that the homework（should）be handed in on time. It is suggested that the meeting（should）be put off. My idea is that we（should）think it over. 注意：suggest作“表明，暗示”講時，不用虛擬語氣；insist作“堅持認為”講時，不用虛擬語氣。 The smile on his face suggested he was happy. The boy insisted he hadnt stolen the money. 2．在It is important /strange/ natural/ necessary/a pity/a shame等＋that從句，表示情緒、觀點等，主語從句中的謂語動詞用“（should）＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。 It is a pity that he（should）refuse to accept the offer. 考點四　虛擬語氣在其他句型中的使用 1．在as if/ as though引導的狀語從句中，若從句與事實相反，則要用虛擬語氣。其形式如下： 主語＋as if/ though＋主語＋一般過去時（從句的動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生） 主語＋as if/ though＋主語＋would/could＋動詞原形（從句的動作相對主句來說在將來發(fā)生） 主語＋as if/ though＋主語＋過去完成時（從句的動作先發(fā)生于主句動作之前） He talks as if he knew all about it. He walked slowly as though he had hurt his leg. 2．在It is（high）time that...句型中也用虛擬語氣，從句常用過去式，有時也用should＋動詞原形，should不可以省略。表示“是時候做……了”，含“建議”的意味。 It is time that we studied hard. 3．would rather后接動詞原形，但接從句時要用虛擬語氣（寧愿，但愿）。 would rather＋主語＋一般過去時（表示與現(xiàn)在或將來情況相反） would rather＋主語＋過去完成時（表示與過去事實相反） Id rather he didnt go now. Id rather you hadnt told Mike the bad news. 4．if only “要是……就好了”。表示與現(xiàn)在或未來事實相反的愿望時，句子謂語動詞用一般過去時；表示與過去事實相反的愿望時，句子謂語動詞用過去完成時。 If only I had passed the driving test last week! 5．動詞hope，intend，mean，plan，want，think等詞的過去完成時形式，通常表示“本想，本打算，本認為”。 He had hoped to e to the party，but it began to rain. 考點五　含蓄虛擬條件句 有時候假設的情況不以if引導的條件句形式表現(xiàn)出來，而是通過一個介詞短語、連詞或其他形式表示。常用的詞或短語有：without，with，but for（要是沒有），otherwise，or，but等。 Without your help（＝If we had not had your help），we could not have finished the task. He felt very tired yesterday，or/otherwise he would have e to the party. 考點六　錯綜時間條件句中的虛擬語氣 當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，稱為“錯綜時間條件句”，動詞的形式要根據(jù)各自主從句所表示的時間作出相應的調整。 If you had followed my advice，you would recover.（從句說的是過去，主句說的是現(xiàn)在） If I were you，I would have gone abroad.（從句是現(xiàn)在，主句說的是過去） 考點七　省略if的虛擬語氣 如果if從句中含有were/ should/ had時，則可以省略if，把這三個詞置于句首，采用倒裝語序。 If I were you，I would go to the party.→Were I you，I would go to the party. If it should happen，what would you do？→Should it happen，what would you do? If you had e earlier，you would catch the bus.→Had you e earlier，you would catch the bus.