2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題整合突破四 介詞和介詞短語真題試做1(xx山東高考，30)Im sorry I didnt phone you，but Ive been very busy _ the past couple of weeks.AbeyondBwithCamong Dover2(xx山東高考，33) It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _ easy reach.Anear BuponCwithin Daround考向分析1考查常用介詞和介詞短語的基本用法。從歷年全國(guó)及各省市高考題中可看出，介詞類考題常集中于一些常用介詞，如at，in，for，from，to，of，on，with，until，about，by，since，as，around等。2考查常用介詞或介詞短語含義和用法的辨識(shí)能力。尤其是在一定的語言環(huán)境中，辨析意義相同或相近以及使用范圍不同的介詞或介詞短語。3考查介詞與某些名詞、形容詞或動(dòng)詞的各種搭配形式。特別是那些搭配繁多、用法靈活的介詞，不同的搭配可用來表示種種不同的意義。熱點(diǎn)例析考點(diǎn)一：表示時(shí)間的介詞1in，on，at，over(1)in表示在一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)。通常時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，如世紀(jì)、朝代、時(shí)代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如：in the 1950s，in 1989，in summer，in January，in ones thirties等。(2)on表示具體的某一天及其早、中、晚。如：on May 1st，on Monday，on a cold night in January，on a fine morning等。(3)at表示在一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上。指某一時(shí)刻或較短暫的時(shí)間，也泛指圣誕節(jié)，復(fù)活節(jié)等。如：at 3：20，at this time of year，at Christmas，at night，at this moment等。(4)over后面接一段時(shí)間，表示“超過”或“在期間”。 如：David Crum，the CEO of Geldart Software，announced that the corporation would open three branches in Bangkok over the next several months.(5)在last，next，this，that，some，every等詞之前一律不用介詞。如：He went to Japan last year.We meet every day.2in，after(1)“in一段時(shí)間”表示將來的一段時(shí)間之后。如：My mother will e back in three or four days.(2)“after一段時(shí)間”表示過去的一段時(shí)間之后。如：He arrived after five months.(3)“after具體時(shí)間”表示將來或過去的某一時(shí)刻之后。如：She will appear after five oclock this afternoon.The rain began to fall after seven.3from，since，for(1)from后接具體時(shí)間，說明從什么時(shí)候開始，不說明某動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)多久。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today.(2)since后接具體過去時(shí)間，表示某動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)至說話時(shí)刻，通常與完成時(shí)連用。如：We have not seen each other since xx.(3)for后接一段時(shí)間，通常與完成時(shí)連用。如：I have been in the army for 5 years.【典例分析】 He invited me to a dance after the show _ Christmas Eve.AatBonCin Dby答案為B項(xiàng)。具體的日期前介詞應(yīng)用on。They had a pleasant chat _ a cup of coffee.Afor BwithCduring Dover答案為D項(xiàng)。for和during都有“在期間”之意，但后面通常接時(shí)間；with意為“隨著，用”；over意為“在(做)期間，邊邊”。句意：他們邊喝咖啡邊進(jìn)行了友好的交談。考點(diǎn)二：表示地點(diǎn)方位的介詞1at，in，on，to(1)at表示在小地方或“在附近；在旁邊”。 如：He arrived at the station at ten.He is sitting at the desk.(2)in表示在大地方或“在范圍之內(nèi)”。 如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.Shandong lies in the east of China.(3)on表示毗鄰或接壤。如：Russia lies on the north of China.(4)to表示“在范圍外”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否接壤。如：Japan is to the east of China.2above，over，on(1)above意為“在上方”，只表示位置高于某物但不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直，與 below相對(duì)。如：The bird is flying above my head.(2)over意為“在之上”，表示垂直高于，與under相對(duì)。over強(qiáng)調(diào)與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。如：There is a bridge over the river.(3)on意為“在之上”，表示在某物體上面并與之接觸。如：He put his watch on the desk.3below，under(1)below表示“在之下”，不一定在正下方。如：Please write your name below the line.(2)under表示“在正下方”。 如：There is a cat under the table.【典例分析】 (xx遼寧高考，27)The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place _ the main road at the far end of the lake.AtoBforCoff Dout答案為C項(xiàng)。句意：威爾酒店坐落于湖的彼岸遠(yuǎn)離主干道的一個(gè)僻靜之處。此處off表示“離開，在之外”?？键c(diǎn)三：表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞1across，through(1)across表示從物體表面穿過，與on有關(guān)。如：across the playground/square/desert/river(2)over表示動(dòng)作是在空中進(jìn)行的。如：He jumped over the wall.(3)through表示從物體里面穿過，與in有關(guān)。也可表示時(shí)間，指“(從開始到結(jié)束)經(jīng)歷了”。如：through the pipe/forest/doorWe work hard all through the year.2in，into(1)in通常表示靜態(tài)，意為“在里面”。如：We walked in the park.我們?cè)诠珗@里走著。(2)into通常表示動(dòng)態(tài)，意為“進(jìn)入到里面”。如：We walked into the park.我們走進(jìn)了公園?！镜淅治觥?(xx北京高考，34)Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?Aat BonCto Dacross答案為D項(xiàng)。句意：你認(rèn)為這件襯衣的肩寬是不是有點(diǎn)緊？ across意為“橫跨，在(身體某部位)上”?？键c(diǎn)四：表示原因的介詞1for表示原因時(shí)，常與sorry，famous，punish，praise，thank，blame等詞連用。如：I am sorry for what I said to you.2at表示引起某種情感變化的原因，常與表示看、聽或喜、怒、吃驚的詞連用，意為“因聽到或看到而”。如：He was surprised at the news.3from常接抽象名詞表示自然、間接或外在的原因，如受傷、車禍等。如：He died from the wound.4of多用于表示自身或內(nèi)在的原因，如病、餓等。如：The old man died of hunger.5with指生理上或情感上由外界到內(nèi)心的原因。如：Hearing the news，he jumped with joy.He was shaking with anger.6by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或無意中造成某種結(jié)果的原因。如：She took your umbrella by mistake.她錯(cuò)拿了你的雨傘。 7over 一般用于 cry，weep，laugh 等帶有感情色彩的動(dòng)詞后，表示所發(fā)生的事情的原因。如：She wept over the death of her daughter.We laughed over the victory.8because of 表示引起結(jié)果的直接原因。如：He retired last month because of his illness.9thanks to表示引起某種幸運(yùn)結(jié)果的原因，常意為“幸虧，多虧”。如：Thanks to John，we won the game.【典例分析】 When we heard the news that Beijing Basketball Team has won the final，we sang and danced _ joy.Ato BwithCat Dof答案為B項(xiàng)。該題應(yīng)用with表示由于高興而又唱又跳。with表示原因時(shí)，一般指由于外界而影響到內(nèi)部的原因。(xx河北保定調(diào)研，13)How about your trip to Italy?Oh，_ the fine weather，we enjoyed ourselves indeed.Abut for Bthanks toCin spite of Dbecause of答案為B項(xiàng)。句意：你到意大利的旅行怎么樣？ 哦，幸虧天氣好，我們玩得很愉快。B項(xiàng)意為“幸虧，由于”，符合句意。but for表示“要不是”；in spite of表示“盡管”；because of表示“因?yàn)椤?，都與句意不符?？键c(diǎn)五：表示計(jì)量的介詞1at表示“以速度；以價(jià)格”。如：It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour.I sold my car at a high price.2for表示“用交換；以為代價(jià)”。如：He sold his car for 500 dollars.注意：at表示單價(jià)，for表示總錢數(shù)。3by表示“以計(jì)”，后跟度量單位。如：They paid him by the month.注意：by后接具體度量單位要加the?！镜淅治觥?He thought the jar made of earth _ little value and let me have it _ only one dollar.Awith；for Bof；forCof；by Dwith；by答案為B項(xiàng)。第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用of，of little value/importance/use意為“沒大有價(jià)值、重要性、用處”；第二個(gè)空應(yīng)用for，表示“以一美元為代價(jià)，用一美元交換”?？键c(diǎn)六：表示工具或手段的介詞 1by意為“用某種方式”，后面的名詞不帶冠詞。如：I went there by bus.2with表示“用某種工具”，后面的名詞需帶冠詞。如：He broke the window with a stone.3in表示“用”時(shí)，后面的賓語不帶冠詞，且多為鉛筆、墨水、顏色、語言等。如：I hate letters written in pencil.We will never forget this historical lesson written in blood.4on表示“以方式”，多用于固定詞組。如：They talked on the telephone.She learns English on the radio/on TV.【典例分析】 The form is very important.Please fill in the form _ ink not _ a pencil，Jack.Ain；by Bwith；inCin；with Dby；in答案為C項(xiàng)。第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用in表示“用墨水”；第二個(gè)空應(yīng)用with表示“用工具”，后面的名詞帶有冠詞?？键c(diǎn)七：表示“在之間”的介詞1between表示在兩者之間。如：You are to sit between your father and me.2among表示在三者或三者以上之間。如：He is always happy among his classmates.3有時(shí)說的雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西，但強(qiáng)調(diào)多者中的兩兩關(guān)系時(shí)用between。如：Switzerland lies between France，Italy，Austria and Germany.Pay attention to the relationship between the sentences in your position.【典例分析】 Four Chinese models were _ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel petition.Aamong BbetweenCalong Dbeside答案為A項(xiàng)。Four Chinese models是部分，the 14 people是整體，所以選among意為“在之中”。考點(diǎn)八：表示“除了”的介詞1besides表示“除之外，還有”。如：We all went to see the film besides you.除你之外我們也都去看電影了。2except表示“除外，把除去”。 如：We all went to see the film except you.除你之外我們都去看電影了。3but與except同義，但多用于不定代詞no one/nobody/nothing/everything/all和副詞nowhere/anywhere以及疑問代詞who之后。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.4except for表示“如無就，只是”，多表明理由細(xì)節(jié)。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.5except that表示“除外，把除去”，后面接句子。如：I know nothing about him except that he is from Beijing.6apart from在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含義，又有except和except for的含義，要根據(jù)上下文來判別。如：Apart from/Besides English，he has a good mand of Russian and French.He has no interests，apart from/except his work.Its a good paper，apart from/except for a few spelling mistakes.【典例分析】 Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days.Afor BexceptCbesides Dwith答案為C項(xiàng)。句意：如今一些人選擇工作時(shí)，除了錢的原因還有其他原因。besides表示“除之外，還有”；except表示“除外，把除去”。(xx濟(jì)南一中期末，23)_ good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Shandong Cuisine.AFar from BRegardless ofCInstead of DApart from答案為D項(xiàng)。far from意為“遠(yuǎn)離，遠(yuǎn)非”；apart from意為“除以外”；instead of意為“代替，而不是”；regardless of意為“不管，不顧”。句意：除了優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)外，這個(gè)飯店提供了不同種類的傳統(tǒng)魯菜?？键c(diǎn)九：介詞與某些詞類的習(xí)慣搭配1介詞和名詞搭配時(shí)的習(xí)慣用法(1)名詞in：difference/interest/delight/progress/satisfaction/pride等。(2)名詞to：attention/answer/key/visit/honour等。(3)名詞on：attack/pity/mercy/congratulation等。(4)名詞with：bargain/chat/mon/connection/conversation/talk等。2介詞和形容詞搭配時(shí)的習(xí)慣用法(1)與of搭配：afraid/careful/certain/sure/fond/full/ashamed/tired/proud/worthy等。(2)與at搭配：angry/surprised/pleased/moved/good/clever/slow/terrified等。(3)與in搭配：poor/rich/expert/successful/absorbed/interested/engaged/high/low/strict等。(4)與about搭配：anxious/careful/certain/sure/sorry/worried/happy等。(5)與to搭配：polite/equal/useful/necessary/strange/devoted/similar/next/kind/cruel/rude/ known/close等。(6)與for搭配：anxious/eager/famous/known/fit/sorry等。(7)與with搭配：busy/angry/strict/familiar/popular/satisfied/careful等。(8)與from搭配：different/far/free/safe/absent/tired等。(9)“It isadj.for/of sb. to do sth.”句型中，在形容詞之后多用for短語，表示后面不定式的邏輯主語。但當(dāng)是指性格、情感方面的形容詞時(shí)，后面用of短語；常見的這類形容詞有cruel/kind/good/clever/foolish/honest/nice/careful/careless/brave/polite/rude/wise/stupid/lazy等。如：Its important for you to learn English well.Its foolish of you to lie to the teacher.【典例分析】 (xx江蘇高考，29)Thank God youre safe!I stepped back，just _ to avoid the racing car.Ain time Bin caseCin need Din vain答案為A項(xiàng)。考查介詞短語。in time意為“及時(shí)”；in case意為“以防，萬一”；in need意為“需要”；in vain意為“徒勞，無益地”。句意：感謝上帝，你沒事。我往后退了退，剛好及時(shí)地避開了賽車。誤區(qū)警示1近義介詞的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(xx全國(guó)高考，16)100 is the temperature _ which water will boil.Afor BatCon Dof【錯(cuò)混透析】B由于本句中的which指代上文的100，所以應(yīng)選at表示“在多少度，在這一點(diǎn)上”。受漢語意思的影響，該題易誤選on?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 由于介詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)某一成分，所以一般不會(huì)單一考查介詞，而更多的是融合在語境或句型中，符合單項(xiàng)填空題“在具體的語境中考查英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的運(yùn)用”的命題思想。因此做題時(shí)不能孤立地局限于介詞單方面的意義，而要全面理解試題的結(jié)構(gòu)和句意，在此基礎(chǔ)上仔細(xì)辨析，作出最佳選擇。平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，要善于歸納、總結(jié)和積累，注意常用介詞的基本用法和多義性，區(qū)別近義介詞在不同的語境中的不同含義。2介詞的常見搭配易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(xx陜西高考，11)An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the mittee members are _ it.Aagainst BforCto Dwith【錯(cuò)混透析】A句意：達(dá)成協(xié)議似乎是不可能的，因?yàn)槲瘑T會(huì)的大部分人都反對(duì)。be against意為“反對(duì)，不贊成”；be for意為“同意，支持”。如果不能正確理解句意，可能會(huì)誤選B項(xiàng)，如果不了解搭配，可能會(huì)誤選C、D項(xiàng)?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 常用介詞搭配在英語中極其豐富，意義復(fù)雜多變。同一個(gè)介詞可以與不同的動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞搭配，表示不同的意思；反之，同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞與不同的介詞搭配，也表示不同的意思。掌握這些搭配，對(duì)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)、提高英語水平大有裨益。要掌握這些搭配，關(guān)鍵是看平時(shí)的積累，首先要理解不同介詞的含義，其次要注意觀察、發(fā)現(xiàn)，并識(shí)記介詞的各種搭配。3介詞短語的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)(xx福建高考，26)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _ all its citizens.Ain charge of Bfor the purpose ofCin honor of Dfor the benefit of【錯(cuò)混透析】Din charge of意為“掌管，負(fù)責(zé)”；for the purpose of意為“為了的目的”；in honor of意為“向表示敬意，為紀(jì)念”；for the benefit of意為“為了的利益”。句意：為了全國(guó)人民的利益，中國(guó)一直推行公立醫(yī)院的改革。該題造成誤選的原因是沒有掌握四個(gè)介詞短語的不同含義?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 介詞本身數(shù)量不多，但它與動(dòng)詞、形容詞和名詞等實(shí)詞的搭配力極強(qiáng)，因此衍生出的詞組讓人有些“目不暇接”，高考對(duì)介詞短語的考查頻頻出現(xiàn)。平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要注意識(shí)記一些介詞短語的構(gòu)成和意義，做題時(shí)結(jié)合句意作出選擇。1(xx山東濰坊壽光現(xiàn)代中學(xué)一模，45) I know you have got a smooth tongue，so dont talk me _ buying it.AawayBdownCout Dinto2(xx山東實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)三模，28) Almost everybody has sensed that Dave cares most about money _ the surface.Abeneath BbehindCunder Dbelow3A friend is not just someone _ whom you say hello but a shoulder _ which you can cry.Ato；on Bon；toCwith；over Dfrom；with4Tired，Jim was fast asleep with his back _ a tree.Ain BbelowCbeside Dagainst 5It is said that Greece has decided to sell a small island _ its coast to pay for the debts.Ain BatCoff Dof6_ only 20 minutes to go before the train left，I felt uneasy in the taxi to the railway station.AFor BWithCAs DBecause7(xx山東淄博一模，34) Its _ belief that parents have to spend nearly 500,000 yuan bringing up a child in China nowadays.Abeyond BinCwithout Dagainst8Between 2000 and xx，the number of overseas visitors expanded _ 27%.Aby BforCto Din9Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems _ themselves，and solve their problems _ themselves.Ato；by Bby；toCfor；to Din；on10(xx山東威海一模，34) Could you please introduce me to the person _ this project?Ain place of Bin possession ofCin terms of Din charge of11(xx山東淄博桓臺(tái)二中月考，33) There wont be a good harvest of wheat in North China this year _ the severe drought.Ain spite of Bapart fromCdue to Din case of12(xx山東煙臺(tái)期末，31) This pany has launched several types of cars this year，and one _ appeals to the young.Ain return Bin particularCin addition Din turn13A huge amount of money has been spent _ the new bridge.Ain BonCwith Dfor14(xx山東泰安期末，33) _ my efforts at persuasion，he wouldnt agree.AApart from BIn spite ofCBecause of DIn terms of15. Wed better discuss everything _ before we work out the plan.Ain general Bin detailCon purpose Don time參考答案四、介詞和介詞短語命題調(diào)研明晰考向真題試做1D考查介詞辨析。beyond “超出”；with“具有，和一起”；among “在當(dāng)中”；over “在正上方，在期間”。句意：很抱歉沒給你打電話，我最近這幾周一直都很忙。根據(jù)句意D項(xiàng)正確。over the last/past一段時(shí)間“在過去的里”，與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)搭配使用。2C考查介詞的用法。within easy reach“在容易夠到的地方；在的附近”。句意“在廚房里，你要把常用的東西放到容易夠到的地方，這樣能節(jié)省時(shí)間”。創(chuàng)新模擬預(yù)測(cè)演練1Dtalk sb.into doing sth.意為“說服某人做某事”，其中into強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)態(tài)變化過程。2Abeneath為書面用詞，指“緊挨之下”，與on相對(duì)；under為普通用詞，指在某物的正下方，含垂直在下的意思，與over相對(duì)；below指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方，所指范圍較寬，與above相對(duì)；behind意為“在之后”。句意：幾乎每個(gè)人都感覺到了在表象之下戴夫最在意的是錢。3Asay hello to sb.意為“向某人問好”，所以第一個(gè)空應(yīng)選to，to whom引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾someone；第二個(gè)空應(yīng)選on，on which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾a shoulder，表示“在肩膀上”。4D分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)，可知with his back和后面的介詞短語構(gòu)成with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。against a tree “靠著樹，倚著樹”。5Coff意為“離一些距離，離不遠(yuǎn)的海上”。此處表示“離希臘海岸不遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)小島”。6B該題應(yīng)選with，表示“有”。7Abeyond意為“超過，超出范圍”，beyond belief表示“難以置信”。句意：在當(dāng)今的中國(guó)，父母養(yǎng)育一個(gè)孩子需要花費(fèi)近50萬元，這真難以置信。8Aby用來表示增減的幅度，所以答案為A項(xiàng)。to可表示增減的結(jié)果，意為“到程度”。9Akeep.to oneself意為“把保守為秘密，不交際”；by oneself意為“獨(dú)自，單獨(dú)地”。句意：大多數(shù)美國(guó)人更喜歡把問題藏在心底，由自己來解決這些問題。10Din place of意為“代替”；in possession of意為“擁有”；in terms of意為“在方面，就而言”；in charge of意為“負(fù)責(zé)，掌管”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)，表示“負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的人”。11CA項(xiàng)意為“盡管，不管”；B項(xiàng)意為“除了”；C項(xiàng)意為“由于”；D項(xiàng)意為“以防”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)表示原因，意為“由于大旱”。12BA項(xiàng)意為“作為回報(bào)，作為報(bào)答”；B項(xiàng)意為“特別是，尤其是”；C項(xiàng)意為“另外，加上”；D項(xiàng)意為“反過來”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)，表示“其中一款汽車尤其吸引年輕人”。13B本題考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)“spend some money on sth.”的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。14BA項(xiàng)意為“除了”；B項(xiàng)意為“盡管，雖然”；C項(xiàng)意為“因?yàn)椤?；D項(xiàng)意為“在方面，就而言”。句意：盡管我努力地勸說他，他還是不同意。15BA項(xiàng)意為“一般來說，通?！保籅項(xiàng)意為“詳細(xì)地”；C項(xiàng)意為“故意地”；D項(xiàng)意為“按時(shí)”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)，表示“在我們實(shí)施計(jì)劃之前我們最好詳細(xì)地討論每件事情”。