Unit1GrammarandusageNounclauses 1 thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy A ThatB WhatC WhyD If 主語從句 Practice 2 Iwonder youwillgoshoppingorstayathome A thatB ifC whetherD what 賓語從句 3 Thisis hewasoftenlateforschool A whatB thatC whyD whether 表語從句 4 Weallknowthetruth theearth aroundthesun A if movedB that movesC why moveD whether move 同位語從句 在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞從句 NounClauses 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語 賓語 表語 同位語 介詞賓語等 因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能 名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句和同位語從句 名詞從句 名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞 Hisjobisimportant Whathedoesisimportant 主語 Thisishisjob Thisiswhathedoeseveryday 表語 Idon tlikehisjob Idon tlikewhathedoeseveryday 賓語 Idon tknowabouttheman Mr White Idon tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher 同位語 1 Wecanuseanounclauseasthesubjectofasentence e g ThatIcanpaybackthehelppeoplegivememakesmehappy Whytheyhavenotleftyetisnotclearsofar Nounclauses Wecanuseitasapreparatorysubject e g Itwasgoodnewsthateveryonegotbacksafely 2 Wecanuseanounclauseastheobjectofaverb preposition e g Iwonderif whetherthat sagoodidea I minterestedinwhothattallmanis Wecanuseitasapreparatorysubject e g Weallthoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone Theconductorhasmadeitclearthatnobuseswillberunning 3 Wecanuseanounclauseasthepredicativeofbe e g Thetruthisthatit stoofoggyforthebustorunthatfar MyquestioniswhetherPollycanfindherwayhome 4 Wecanuseanounclauseinappositiontoanoun e g Shehadafeelingthatshewasbeingwatched Thenewsthathecouldn tcomemadeusupset 5 Weusethat if whetheroraquestionwordtobeginanounclause e g Nooneknewif whetherhelosthissightbecauseofanaccident Shecouldn timaginehowtheblindmanhadfoundher Readthearticleonpage9anddescribethemainideainyourownwords Whilereading underlineallthenounclausesyoucanfindinthisarticle 名詞性從句考點歸納 一 名詞性從句的語序 1 名詞性從句構(gòu)成有兩種 a That 陳述句e g Thathediditrightisknowntoall b 疑問詞 句子的剩余成分e g Thisiswhatwearelookingfor 2 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求使用陳述句語序 不能用一般疑問句語序 他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎 Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle F T 你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎 Couldyoutellmewherehelives Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive T F 二 名詞性從句連接詞的選用 1 that和what的選用 that和what都可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞從句 但是 what除起連接作用外 還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分 可做從句的主語 賓語 或表語 而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分 只起連接作用 1 hewantsisabook 2 hewantstogothereisobvious 3 Theresultis wewonthegame 4 Thisis wewanttoknow 5 Is hetoldustrue What That that what thatorwhat what 6 Weshouldpayattentionto theteacherissaying 7 Ihavenodoubt hewillcome 8 Ihavenoidea hedidthatafternoon what that what 2 if和whether的選用 whether和if都可以使用的情況 1 引導(dǎo)動詞的賓語從句時 2 在be adj 之后時 3 在主語從句中 it用作形式主語時 只能用whether的情況 1 在非正式文體中 if ornot也是正確的 但與ornot直接連用時 只能用whether 即whetherornot 而不能用if 即ifornot 2 引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句時 3 引導(dǎo)主語從句 且位于句首時 4 引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句時 5 后面直接跟動詞不定式時 6 if引起歧義時 1 Iaskedher shehadabike 2 wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather if whether Whether iforwhether 3 We reworriedabout heissafe 4 Idon tknow heiswellornot 5 Idon tknow ornotheiswell whether whether if whether 6 Thequestionis heshoulddoit 7 Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion theoldmanwillrecoversoon 8 Idon tknow togo whether whether whether 9 Iwonder thenewsistrue 10 Hewasnotsure itwasright 11 Ithasn tbeendecided weshallattendthemeeting if whether if whether if whether 12 Wehaven tdecided toattendthemeetingornot 13 Idon tknow hefinallyfoundhismissingbikeornot 14 Idon tknow ornothefinallyfoundhismissingbike whether if whether whether 15 Thequestionis thefilmisworthseeing 16 Theproblem weshouldcontinuetheexperimentremainsunsolved whether whether 17 ourteamhaswonthematchisunknown 18 Italldependson hewillsupportus 19 Pleaseletmeknow youlikeit Whether whether whether 其它連接代詞和副詞的連用 主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義 正確的選擇who which when where why how等連接詞 這些連接詞既具有疑問含義 又起連接作用 同時在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分 我們何時舉行運動會還沒有決定 weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided 我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃 Idon tknow broketheglassyesterday When who 我不知道他長的什么樣子 Ihavenoidea helookslike 這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方 Thisis Ileftmyglasses what where 引導(dǎo)詞that的省略 that引導(dǎo)主語從句 并且主語從句后置 由it作形式主語時 that不可省略 2 that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時 可以省略 但如果有兩個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 則第二個賓語從句中的that不可省略 3 介詞后的賓語從句中的that不可省略 4 如果that連接的賓語從句中緊接著一個由其他連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句 that不能省略 5 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that在句中不充當(dāng)成分 且不可省略 下列名詞性從句中的that是否可以省略 1 ItwasreportedthatthefootballteamwaswarmlyreceivedbytheQueen 2 Idon tbelievethathehaseverreadanyofShakespeare sworksorthathehaseverheardofhim 3 Hiscompositionisverygoodexceptthattherearesomespellingmistakes 4 Thecauseoftheaccidentliesinthatthedriverwascareless 5 Hesaidthat ifIdidnothavetime Imightchoosenottogo 6 Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue 只有第2題第一個that可以省略 其他名詞性從句中 that不可以省略 that that 1 Idon tthink sheiscoming 2 Itisapity hehasmadesuchamistake 3 Thereasonis heiscareless 4 Thenews ourteamwonthematchinspiredus that that that that 5 Idon tthinkitnecessary youshouldreadEnglishaloud 6 Hetoldme hisfatherhaddiedand hehadtomakealivingalone that that that 三 同位語從句的引導(dǎo)和辨別 1 同位語從句的格式 n 連接詞 從句2 能接同位語從句的名詞有 fact idea news information order belief advicesuggestion 等3 連接詞通常是that 也可根據(jù)含義選用whether what when where等來引導(dǎo)同位語從句 Ihavenoidea hecomesfrom 2 Hecan tanswerthequestion hegotthemoney 3 Hegaveusmanysuggestions weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise that whether where how where how that 4 Ihavenodoubt hewillwin 5 Ihavesomedoubt hewillwin that whether 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別 1 定語從句是先行詞的修飾語 它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容 定語從句中that不但起連接作用 而且在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個句子成分 充當(dāng)從句的賓語成分時可省略 2 同位語從句對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋和說明 表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that在同位語從句中不做任何成分 只起連接作用 無具體含義 且不可省略 1 Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed 2 WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain AT AP AttributiveorAppositive 1 Theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity 2 Theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue AT AP 名詞demand suggestion proposal advice等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣 結(jié)構(gòu)為should do should可省略 e g HegavemeasuggestionthatI should becalmnow 賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng) 如果主句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r 從句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時態(tài) a 他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現(xiàn)的 Hebelieves hisdreamwillcometruesomeday b 請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么 Pleasetellme whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday 2 如果主句謂語是過去時 從句謂語動詞一般用過去的某種時態(tài) 但從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實 真理 自然規(guī)律等時 從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時 他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備 Hetoldme 他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了 Hetoldme hewaspreparingfortheexamination hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears 老師告訴我們光是沿直線運行的 Theteachertellus lighttravelsinastraightline Readthearticleaboutoursensesonpage11andcircletherightwords Answers 1 2 3 4 5 6 if that that that whether that Completethestoryonpage11usingthat whetherorif Answers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 that that that if whether that if whether that that 考點點撥考例回顧 1 Theradioannouncedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfog P10 考點 that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時 在從句中不充當(dāng)成分 在動詞后面的賓語從句中可以省略 在介詞后面的賓語從句 主語從句 表語從句和同位語從句中均不可省略 考例1 Withhisworkcompleted thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat feelingpleased hewasamanofaction 湖南2006 A whichB thatC whatD whether 解析 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu) pleased后面應(yīng)接賓語從句 hewasamanofaction是個完整的句子 從句中不缺成分 故選that 考例2 Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure 上海2006 A howB whyC thatD when 解析 is后面是表語從句 從句中不缺成分 故選that 考例3 Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother sbirthday 安徽2006 A ifB whenC thatD which 解析 此句是同位語從句 thought與從句thatImight 被謂語suddenlycametome隔開 同位語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞that不充當(dāng)成分 只起一個連接的作用 2 Sheisnotcertainaboutwhethershehasdoneanythingwrong P10 考點 在介詞后面的賓語從句中表示 是否 時 只用whether 不用if 考例 Wehaven tsettledthequestionof itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad 江蘇2006 A ifB whereC whetherD that 句意 我們還沒有解決他是否有必要去國外學(xué)習(xí)這一問題 根據(jù)句意 可排除B和D兩項 介詞of后面接賓語從句時 只用whether 不用if 故選C項 3 Hesaid that helikedrainverymuchandthathewouldn tuseanumbrellawhenitwasraining P10 考點 當(dāng)一個句子有兩個或多個賓語從句時 引導(dǎo)第一個從句的that可以省略 而引導(dǎo)第二個和以后幾個從句的that不可省略 且最后兩個從句之間要用and but或or連接 考例 Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed and allthelightswereoff theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom 湖南2007 A whyB thatC whenD where 解析 動詞checked后接兩個賓語從句 第一個是thedoorswereclosed 引導(dǎo)從句的that被省略 第二個是allthelightswereoff 從句中不缺成分 故選that 且that不可省略 1 Itnowappears theyareinneedofhelp A thatB whichC whatD how2 Itisgoodnews theywillarriveinafewdays A whichB whatC thatD how 3 It Joedrivesbadly A thoughtthatB thinksthatC isthinkthatD isthoughtthat4 It heislateforclass A maythatB mightthatC maybethatD mightbewhat 5 Thisis shewasborn A whereB whichC thatD what6 Thequestionis wecan tgotheretoday A thatB whatC whichD when 7 Thequestionis itisworthdoing A ifB whetherC whichD what8 Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis hehasneverwastedhistime A becauseB whyC thatD what 9 Mysuggestionis weshouldturnthelandintoricefields A whatB thatC whichD where10 Hisproposalisthatthedam atthefootofthemountain A buildB willbuildC bebuiltD willbebuilt 11 Myadviceisthathe regularhouse A keepB wouldkeepC keepsD kept knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit A WhothatB WhoeverC WhomthatD Thatwho 13 Weallknowthetruth theearthgoesroundthesun A thatB whichC whatD whether14 Weheardthenews ourteamhadwon A whichB thatC whatD where 15 Theproblem itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided A whichB thatC whetherD if16 Youmustdowell theteacherasksyoutodo A whichB whatC thatD where