三、短文寫作時(shí)間時(shí)間分類分類201320122011體裁體裁半開放作文半開放作文(夾夾敘夾議文敘夾議文)半開放作文半開放作文(夾敘夾敘夾議文夾議文)半開放作文半開放作文(夾夾敘夾議文敘夾議文)題材題材結(jié)合事例說明結(jié)合事例說明: 說出的話也可說出的話也可以傷到別人以傷到別人結(jié)合事例說明結(jié)合事例說明“人不能選擇被人不能選擇被給予的給予的, 但可以選但可以選擇怎樣去利用它擇怎樣去利用它”結(jié)合校園生活結(jié)合校園生活中的一個(gè)事例中的一個(gè)事例說明團(tuán)隊(duì)工作說明團(tuán)隊(duì)工作的重要性的重要性寫作類型寫作類型半開放類半開放類半開放類半開放類半開放類半開放類熱點(diǎn)考向熱點(diǎn)考向 1 提綱作文提綱作文 1. 命題特點(diǎn)命題特點(diǎn)(1)命題常以短文提示、要點(diǎn)提示和表格提示三種形式呈現(xiàn)。命題常以短文提示、要點(diǎn)提示和表格提示三種形式呈現(xiàn)。(2)考查形式以書信考查形式以書信(電子郵件電子郵件)、通知、日記、報(bào)道等為主、通知、日記、報(bào)道等為主, 但但體裁多變體裁多變, 記敘文、議論文、應(yīng)用文都會(huì)牽涉到記敘文、議論文、應(yīng)用文都會(huì)牽涉到, 且題材多貼且題材多貼近學(xué)生生活。近學(xué)生生活。(3)寫作內(nèi)容以提綱的形式分割成獨(dú)立的信息塊寫作內(nèi)容以提綱的形式分割成獨(dú)立的信息塊, 所給的提綱既所給的提綱既是獨(dú)立的要點(diǎn)是獨(dú)立的要點(diǎn), 又體現(xiàn)了文章的層次又體現(xiàn)了文章的層次, 是全文寫作的思路。是全文寫作的思路。2. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵(1)認(rèn)真審題和分析所給的提綱認(rèn)真審題和分析所給的提綱, 認(rèn)清題目和提綱之間的關(guān)系認(rèn)清題目和提綱之間的關(guān)系, 然后確定文章的主題、內(nèi)容以及文體。然后確定文章的主題、內(nèi)容以及文體。(2)每一個(gè)提綱可以作為文章的一個(gè)段落層次每一個(gè)提綱可以作為文章的一個(gè)段落層次, 段落的展開圍繞段落的展開圍繞提綱的中心內(nèi)容提綱的中心內(nèi)容, 不能偏離不能偏離, 也不能任意增減。也不能任意增減。(3)提綱只是對文章的提示和概括提綱只是對文章的提示和概括, 不是主題句。這需要根據(jù)提不是主題句。這需要根據(jù)提綱的性質(zhì)綱的性質(zhì), 寫出完整的、體現(xiàn)提綱主旨的句子寫出完整的、體現(xiàn)提綱主旨的句子, 使之成為主題使之成為主題句。然后圍繞主題句進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。句。然后圍繞主題句進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。(4)收集材料支持主題句。材料可以是事實(shí)、例證、親身經(jīng)歷、收集材料支持主題句。材料可以是事實(shí)、例證、親身經(jīng)歷、名人名言、諺語警句等。應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的是名人名言、諺語警句等。應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的是, 所選材料要與文章的所選材料要與文章的主題相符主題相符, 即要即要“扣題扣題”。同時(shí)要具有典型性。同時(shí)要具有典型性, 能充分說明問能充分說明問題。在有多個(gè)例證的段落中題。在有多個(gè)例證的段落中, 還要注意各個(gè)例證之間的連貫性。還要注意各個(gè)例證之間的連貫性。3. 寫作素材寫作素材1)常用句式常用句式(1)開頭常用句式開頭常用句式We had a heated discussion about/on. . . With the development of. . . At present, there is a widespread concern that. . . Modern technology has many advantages. Im very glad to have the chance to speak here. It is often said that. . . (2)銜接常用句式銜接常用句式The main reason why. . . is that. . . The reasons are as follows. Take. . . for example. Besides, we should not neglect that. . . Wonderful as. . . is, however, it has its own disadvantages as well. As far as Im concerned, Im in favor of the first/second view. (3)結(jié)尾常用句式結(jié)尾常用句式Taking all these into account/consideration, we may safely reach the conclusion that. . . So we must take measures to. . . 2)黃金模板黃金模板(分析原因分析原因, 提出建議型提出建議型) Nowadays, there are more and more XX in some big cities. It is estimated that 用具體數(shù)據(jù)說明用具體數(shù)據(jù)說明XX現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象. Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is that 原因一原因一. Besides, 原因二原因二. The third reason is 原因三原因三. To sum up, the main cause of XX is due to指指出主要原因出主要原因. It is high time that something should be done upon it. On the one hand, 解決建議一解決建議一. On the other hand, 解決建議二解決建議二. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX. (2013新課標(biāo)全國卷新課標(biāo)全國卷)假定你是李華。請你給筆友假定你是李華。請你給筆友Peter寫封信寫封信, 告訴他你叔叔李告訴他你叔叔李明將去他所在城市開會(huì)明將去他所在城市開會(huì), 帶去他想要的那幅中國畫帶去他想要的那幅中國畫, 同時(shí)詢問同時(shí)詢問他是否可以接機(jī)。信中還需說明他是否可以接機(jī)。信中還需說明: 李明李明: 高個(gè)子高個(gè)子, 戴眼鏡戴眼鏡航班號航班號: CA985到達(dá)到達(dá): 8月月6日上午日上午11: 30注意注意: 1. 詞數(shù)詞數(shù)100個(gè)左右個(gè)左右; 2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié), 以使行文連貫以使行文連貫; 3. 開頭語和結(jié)束語已為你寫好。開頭語和結(jié)束語已為你寫好?！緦忣}審題】時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí); ; 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)人稱人稱第一人稱和第三人稱為主第一人稱和第三人稱為主結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)我叔叔李明將去你所在城市開會(huì)并帶去你想要的我叔叔李明將去你所在城市開會(huì)并帶去你想要的那幅中國畫那幅中國畫詢問能否接機(jī)詢問能否接機(jī)航班信息及叔叔的航班信息及叔叔的外貌特征外貌特征信息信息1. 1. 我叔叔李明將去你所在城市開會(huì)并帶去你想要我叔叔李明將去你所在城市開會(huì)并帶去你想要的那幅中國畫的那幅中國畫2. 2. 你能否接機(jī)你能否接機(jī)? ? 因?yàn)檫@是我叔叔第一次去美國因?yàn)檫@是我叔叔第一次去美國3. 3. 他的航班號是他的航班號是CA985, CA985, 將于將于8 8月月6 6日上午日上午11: 3011: 30到達(dá)到達(dá)4. 4. 我叔叔高個(gè)子我叔叔高個(gè)子, , 戴眼鏡戴眼鏡, , 穿一件藍(lán)色的夾克穿一件藍(lán)色的夾克【煉句煉句】1. 我叔叔李明將去你所在城市開會(huì)。我已經(jīng)讓他帶去了你想我叔叔李明將去你所在城市開會(huì)。我已經(jīng)讓他帶去了你想要的那幅中國畫。要的那幅中國畫。a. (一般表達(dá)一般表達(dá))My uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference. Ive asked him to bring you the Chinese painting. Youve asked for the painting before. b. (用定語從句連接后兩句用定語從句連接后兩句)Ive asked him to bring you the Chinese painting youve asked for before. c. (運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞)My uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference, and Ive asked him to bring you the Chinese painting youve asked for before. 2. 我想讓你幫我一個(gè)忙。我想讓你幫我一個(gè)忙。a. (一般表達(dá)一般表達(dá))I want you to help me. b. (高級表達(dá)高級表達(dá))Id like you to do me a favor. c. (賓語從句賓語從句)I wonder if you could do me a favor. 3. 這是他第一次去美國這是他第一次去美國, 你能不能去機(jī)場接他并帶他去他下榻你能不能去機(jī)場接他并帶他去他下榻的旅店的旅店? a. (一般表達(dá)一般表達(dá))This is his first visit to the USA. Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to his hotel? b. (合并句子合并句子)Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to his hotel since this is his first visit to the USA? 【成篇成篇】Dear Peter, How are you doing? Im writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference, and Ive asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you have asked for before. Also, Id like you to do me a favor. Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to his hotel since this is his first visit to the USA? Thank you in advance. His flight number is CA985, and it will arrive at 11: 30 am, August 6. My uncle is tall and he is wearing glasses. And he will be in a blue jacket. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua【閱卷專家如是說閱卷專家如是說】 文章要點(diǎn)齊全文章要點(diǎn)齊全, 寫作層次清楚寫作層次清楚, 語言簡潔明了。第一段僅語言簡潔明了。第一段僅用一句話便交代了寫信的目的。全文句式多變用一句話便交代了寫信的目的。全文句式多變, 作者靈活地運(yùn)作者靈活地運(yùn)用了并列句、定語從句等用了并列句、定語從句等, 長短句結(jié)合長短句結(jié)合, 讀起來一氣呵成讀起來一氣呵成, 準(zhǔn)確準(zhǔn)確自然。自然。do me a favor, in advance等高級詞匯的使用更體現(xiàn)了等高級詞匯的使用更體現(xiàn)了作者扎實(shí)而豐富的語言功底。作者扎實(shí)而豐富的語言功底。1 假設(shè)你是新華中學(xué)的學(xué)生李華假設(shè)你是新華中學(xué)的學(xué)生李華, 最近你發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)校餐廳食物最近你發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)校餐廳食物浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。請你在班會(huì)上發(fā)表演講浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。請你在班會(huì)上發(fā)表演講, 號召同學(xué)們加入號召同學(xué)們加入“光光盤行動(dòng)盤行動(dòng)”, 從我做起從我做起, 杜絕浪費(fèi)。請你根據(jù)以下提示用英語寫杜絕浪費(fèi)。請你根據(jù)以下提示用英語寫一篇演講稿一篇演講稿: 1. 列舉學(xué)校餐廳食物浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象列舉學(xué)校餐廳食物浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象; 2. 闡述浪費(fèi)食物的危害闡述浪費(fèi)食物的危害; 3. 提出減少食物浪費(fèi)的措施提出減少食物浪費(fèi)的措施(至少兩點(diǎn)至少兩點(diǎn))。 注意注意: 1. 詞數(shù)詞數(shù)120個(gè)左右個(gè)左右, 開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出, 不計(jì)入總不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)詞數(shù); 2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié), 以使行文連貫。以使行文連貫。Dear friends, May I have your attention, please? Now Id like to share my opinions about food waste. _ Thats all. Thank you! 【參考范文參考范文】Dear friends, May I have your attention, please? Now Id like to share my opinions about food waste. There is no denying that food waste has become a serious problem in school. We can see some students dumping leftovers without feeling guilty. So it is high time to call for an end to it. The reasons are as follows: To begin with, it adds financial burden to our parents. Whats worse, not only does it exhaust the worlds limited natural resources, it can also contribute to global warming. In my opinion, it is everybodys business to fight with it. On the one hand, we should start it with ourselves to save food. On the other hand, we can persuade others to join the fight with us. Im sure, with everyone doing his bit, we will change the present situation for the better. Thats all. Thank you! 2 美國高中生美國高中生Phelps在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上登出啟事在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上登出啟事, 希望結(jié)識一位保希望結(jié)識一位保定朋友定朋友, 以方便暑假來保定學(xué)習(xí)和旅游。以方便暑假來保定學(xué)習(xí)和旅游。 假設(shè)你是李華假設(shè)你是李華, 請?jiān)诳吹竭@則啟事后請?jiān)诳吹竭@則啟事后, 用英文給用英文給Phelps發(fā)發(fā)一封電子郵件一封電子郵件, 內(nèi)容主要包括內(nèi)容主要包括: 1. 簡單介紹自己并表示愿意與他交朋友當(dāng)向?qū)Ш唵谓榻B自己并表示愿意與他交朋友當(dāng)向?qū)? 2. 簡略介紹保定簡略介紹保定, 向他推薦保定代表景點(diǎn)向他推薦保定代表景點(diǎn)直隸總督府直隸總督府; 白洋淀白洋淀 3. 盼望他的回信盼望他的回信 注意注意: 1. 詞數(shù)詞數(shù)120個(gè)左右。個(gè)左右。(開頭和結(jié)尾已給出開頭和結(jié)尾已給出, 詞數(shù)不包括在內(nèi)詞數(shù)不包括在內(nèi)) 2. 郵件中不能出現(xiàn)本人真實(shí)信息。郵件中不能出現(xiàn)本人真實(shí)信息。 3. 生詞生詞: 直隸總督府直隸總督府the Zhili Governor PalaceDear Phelps, Ive learned it from the Internet that you want to make a Chinese friend from Baoding. _Yours sincerely, Li Hua【參考范文參考范文】Dear Phelps, Ive learned it from the Internet that you want to make a Chinese friend from Baoding. You hope to learn something about Baoding for your summer trip here. I am glad that you show such great interest in Baoding and I would like to be your guide and tell you something about it when you are here. My name is Li Hua, a Senior Three student from Baoding city. Baoding is a cultural city with a long history. It is located in central Hebei Province and there are many historical relics here, such as the Zhili Governor Palace and Baiyangdian Lake, which is also called“Pearl of North China”. I am sure you will like Baoding and have great fun here. Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua熱點(diǎn)考向熱點(diǎn)考向 2 圖畫作文圖畫作文 1. 命題特點(diǎn)命題特點(diǎn)(1)根據(jù)所給圖畫的數(shù)目和形式不同根據(jù)所給圖畫的數(shù)目和形式不同, 看圖作文考查的方式有組看圖作文考查的方式有組圖圖(記敘類記敘類)、對比圖、對比圖(描寫描寫, 說明或議論類說明或議論類)、單張圖畫、單張圖畫(漫畫評漫畫評論類論類)三類。三類。(2)形象形象, 直觀直觀, 內(nèi)容具體內(nèi)容具體, 素材貼近生活。素材貼近生活。圖畫類的書面表達(dá)一般都是中學(xué)生所熟悉的場景圖畫類的書面表達(dá)一般都是中學(xué)生所熟悉的場景, 畫面生畫面生動(dòng)形象動(dòng)形象, 具有趣味性具有趣味性, 體現(xiàn)高考書面表達(dá)體現(xiàn)高考書面表達(dá)“生活化生活化”的特點(diǎn)。的特點(diǎn)。有時(shí)候還附帶有英語或漢語說明有時(shí)候還附帶有英語或漢語說明, 考生易獲得直觀信息。考生易獲得直觀信息。(3)文體形式多樣。文體形式多樣。圖畫式書面表達(dá)的體裁比較廣泛圖畫式書面表達(dá)的體裁比較廣泛, 可以是記敘文可以是記敘文, 將圖畫將圖畫中所表達(dá)的信息完整地記錄下來中所表達(dá)的信息完整地記錄下來; 也可以是說明文也可以是說明文, 根據(jù)圖畫根據(jù)圖畫從時(shí)間、過程、步驟等方面對之加以解釋、說明從時(shí)間、過程、步驟等方面對之加以解釋、說明; 還可以是議還可以是議論文論文, 針對圖畫中所表現(xiàn)出來的一般現(xiàn)象針對圖畫中所表現(xiàn)出來的一般現(xiàn)象, 加以議論加以議論, 得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論, 提出解決問題的辦法。提出解決問題的辦法。 2. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵(1)看圖記敘文的寫作看圖記敘文的寫作 看圖記敘文的寫作要注意把握寫作素材的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、看圖記敘文的寫作要注意把握寫作素材的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物人物, 以及事件的敘述以及事件的敘述, 有些還需要敘述從故事中要吸取的教有些還需要敘述從故事中要吸取的教訓(xùn)或受到的教育。故事的敘述可以適當(dāng)采用倒敘的方式訓(xùn)或受到的教育。故事的敘述可以適當(dāng)采用倒敘的方式, 或按或按事件的發(fā)生順序進(jìn)行描寫事件的發(fā)生順序進(jìn)行描寫, 圖畫中對話類的語言要改為間接引圖畫中對話類的語言要改為間接引語。語。 記敘類看圖寫作以記敘為主記敘類看圖寫作以記敘為主, 兼有少量的觀點(diǎn)議論。做此兼有少量的觀點(diǎn)議論。做此類題時(shí)類題時(shí), 學(xué)生一定要根據(jù)圖畫學(xué)生一定要根據(jù)圖畫, 寫出圖畫中活動(dòng)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、寫出圖畫中活動(dòng)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、環(huán)境及活動(dòng)內(nèi)容環(huán)境及活動(dòng)內(nèi)容, 幾幅圖畫要照顧全面幾幅圖畫要照顧全面, 切忌過多描寫或忽視切忌過多描寫或忽視某一圖畫的內(nèi)容某一圖畫的內(nèi)容, 文章結(jié)尾可適當(dāng)抒發(fā)一下自己的情懷文章結(jié)尾可適當(dāng)抒發(fā)一下自己的情懷, 作為作為畫龍點(diǎn)睛之筆。畫龍點(diǎn)睛之筆。(2)看圖議論文的寫作看圖議論文的寫作 看圖議論文的寫作看圖議論文的寫作, 首先要認(rèn)真閱讀圖畫首先要認(rèn)真閱讀圖畫, 把握圖的意義把握圖的意義, 有時(shí)還要注意其隱含的觀點(diǎn)與意圖有時(shí)還要注意其隱含的觀點(diǎn)與意圖, 并聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際進(jìn)行思并聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際進(jìn)行思考與闡述?？寂c闡述。 此類看圖寫作一般分為兩個(gè)部分此類看圖寫作一般分為兩個(gè)部分: 介紹圖畫的內(nèi)容。介紹圖畫的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)圖畫的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行與之相關(guān)的評論。此類圖畫以漫畫和根據(jù)圖畫的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行與之相關(guān)的評論。此類圖畫以漫畫和簡單的單個(gè)圖畫為主簡單的單個(gè)圖畫為主, 這需要學(xué)生認(rèn)真細(xì)致地觀察圖畫這需要學(xué)生認(rèn)真細(xì)致地觀察圖畫, 然后然后進(jìn)行深層次的思考進(jìn)行深層次的思考, 從而切入圖畫的主題。從而切入圖畫的主題。(3)看圖說明文的寫作看圖說明文的寫作 對于說明文體的看圖作文對于說明文體的看圖作文, 要注意觀察圖畫材料要注意觀察圖畫材料, 找出所找出所有內(nèi)容有內(nèi)容, 然后按一定的順序有條理地闡述。說明文的敘述順序然后按一定的順序有條理地闡述。說明文的敘述順序一般有三種一般有三種: 時(shí)間順序、空間順序和邏輯順序時(shí)間順序、空間順序和邏輯順序(比如按圖畫反比如按圖畫反映的數(shù)字大小進(jìn)行敘述映的數(shù)字大小進(jìn)行敘述)。注意文章開頭與結(jié)尾的呼應(yīng)。注意文章開頭與結(jié)尾的呼應(yīng)。3. 寫作素材寫作素材(1)常用句式常用句式用于描述圖畫或引入話題的句式用于描述圖畫或引入話題的句式: As is described in the picture. . . From the picture we can see that . . . The purpose of the picture is to show us that. . . As is shown in the picture, we can see clearly the relationship between . . . The sight reminds me of . . . 用于記敘事件經(jīng)過或分析現(xiàn)象的句式用于記敘事件經(jīng)過或分析現(xiàn)象的句式: At first. . . then. . . five minutes later. . . finally/in the end/at last. . . 開始時(shí)開始時(shí)然后然后五分鐘后五分鐘后最后最后Upon arrival, we began to . . . 我們一到達(dá)就馬上開始我們一到達(dá)就馬上開始Some. . . ; some. . . ; others. . . 一些人一些人(做做)一些人一些人(做做)另一些人另一些人(做做). . . was/were doing. . . when suddenly sb. /sth. did. . . 當(dāng)某事正在發(fā)生時(shí)突然又發(fā)生另一件事當(dāng)某事正在發(fā)生時(shí)突然又發(fā)生另一件事More and more people have come to realize the importance of . . . 越來越多的人已經(jīng)意識到越來越多的人已經(jīng)意識到的重要性的重要性Thanks to. . . , more and more. . . 多虧了多虧了, 越來越多的越來越多的用于發(fā)表議論或總結(jié)的句式用于發(fā)表議論或總結(jié)的句式: If such measures were not taken, the problem of . . . would be more serious. 如果不采取這樣的措施的話如果不采取這樣的措施的話, 的問題會(huì)更加嚴(yán)重。的問題會(huì)更加嚴(yán)重。We can conclude from this picture that. . . 從這幅圖畫中我們可以推斷從這幅圖畫中我們可以推斷As has been stated above, we must . . . 如上所述如上所述, 我們必須我們必須(2)黃金模板黃金模板第一段第一段: 描述圖畫描述圖畫 As is vividly shown in the picture above, 圖畫的內(nèi)容圖畫的內(nèi)容. The picture tells us that這個(gè)圖畫大致反映的意思這個(gè)圖畫大致反映的意思. 第二段第二段: 解釋解釋, 說明和分析圖畫說明和分析圖畫 The implied meaning of the picture should be taken into account seriously. First/To begin with, 揭示涵義揭示涵義/原因原因/結(jié)果結(jié)果1. Second/Whats more, 揭示涵義揭示涵義/原因原因/結(jié)果結(jié)果2. Last but not least/Finally, 揭示涵義揭示涵義/原因原因/結(jié)果結(jié)果3(如果有的話如果有的話). And the social problem(如果是現(xiàn)象的話可以用如果是現(xiàn)象的話可以用phenomenon)has aroused the great concern/care of our whole society/world/all the people. 第三段第三段: 給出自己的看法和想法以及解決問題的辦法給出自己的看法和想法以及解決問題的辦法 In my view/point of view (or As for me), we should take some measures as follows to deal with the problems shown in the picture. First, we should具體的措施具體的措施1. And then we have to/must具體的措施具體的措施2. Only in these ways, can we solve the problem of具體的問題具體的問題. (2013北京高考北京高考)假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三(1)班的學(xué)生李華班的學(xué)生李華, 請根據(jù)以下四幅請根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序圖的先后順序, 用英語寫一篇周記用英語寫一篇周記, 記述爸爸出差期間記述爸爸出差期間, 媽媽生媽媽生病病, 你照顧她的過程。你照顧她的過程。注意注意: 1. 周記的開頭已經(jīng)為你寫好。周記的開頭已經(jīng)為你寫好。 2. 詞數(shù)不少于詞數(shù)不少于60?！緦忣}審題】時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)人稱人稱第一人稱第一人稱結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)爸爸出差了爸爸出差了媽媽突然生病媽媽突然生病, 我自己在家中細(xì)心我自己在家中細(xì)心地照顧媽媽地照顧媽媽, 媽媽很快康復(fù)媽媽很快康復(fù)爸爸回來后得知此爸爸回來后得知此事表揚(yáng)了我事表揚(yáng)了我信息信息1. 上周一爸爸出差了上周一爸爸出差了2. 第二天早上第二天早上, 媽媽突然病了媽媽突然病了3. 我立刻給媽媽拿來藥我立刻給媽媽拿來藥, 伺候媽媽吃下伺候媽媽吃下, 并給媽并給媽媽做飯媽做飯4. 在我的細(xì)心照料下在我的細(xì)心照料下, 媽媽很快康復(fù)了媽媽很快康復(fù)了5. 爸爸回來之后得知此事表揚(yáng)了我爸爸回來之后得知此事表揚(yáng)了我【煉句煉句】1. 在我的細(xì)心照料下在我的細(xì)心照料下, 媽媽很快康復(fù)了。媽媽很快康復(fù)了。a. (一般表達(dá)一般表達(dá))I took good care of my mother and she recovered very quickly. b. (with短語短語)With my special care, my mother recovered very quickly. 2. 我爸爸回來之后我爸爸回來之后, 我媽媽告訴了他在他出差期間發(fā)生的事情。我媽媽告訴了他在他出差期間發(fā)生的事情。a. (一般表達(dá)一般表達(dá))When my father came back home, my mother told him the things during his absence. b. (定語從句定語從句)When my father came back home, my mother told him the things that had happened during his absence. c. (賓語從句賓語從句)When my father came back home, my mother told him what had happened during his absence. 3. 為媽媽做了一點(diǎn)事情為媽媽做了一點(diǎn)事情, 我感到非常高興。我感到非常高興。a. (一般表達(dá)一般表達(dá))I had done something for my mother. I felt very happy. b. (合并為簡單句合并為簡單句)I felt very happy for what I had done for my mother. c. (合并為復(fù)合句合并為復(fù)合句)I felt very happy that I had done something for my mother. 【成篇成篇】 Last Monday, my father said goodbye to my mother and me and went on a business trip. He would be away for three days. Just the next morning, I found my mother wasnt feeling well. She had a cold. I immediately gave her some medicine and then prepared some noodles for her. With my special care, my mother recovered very quickly. When my father came back home, my mother told him what had happened during his absence. He praised me for what I had done. I felt very happy that I had done something for my mother. 【閱卷專家如是說閱卷專家如是說】 文章涵蓋了圖中所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)文章涵蓋了圖中所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn), , 按照事情發(fā)生的先后順按照事情發(fā)生的先后順序把故事的情節(jié)表達(dá)得很到位。不同句式的恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用使文章序把故事的情節(jié)表達(dá)得很到位。不同句式的恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用使文章連貫、流暢、自然連貫、流暢、自然, , 同時(shí)把四幅圖畫巧妙地連接在一起。一同時(shí)把四幅圖畫巧妙地連接在一起。一些高級句式和詞匯的運(yùn)用使得文章如行云流水些高級句式和詞匯的運(yùn)用使得文章如行云流水, , 表現(xiàn)了作者表現(xiàn)了作者高超的語言駕馭能力。高超的語言駕馭能力。1 假設(shè)你是新華中學(xué)高三假設(shè)你是新華中學(xué)高三(1)班的學(xué)生王紅班的學(xué)生王紅, 校報(bào)英文版正在校報(bào)英文版正在開展開展“續(xù)寫雷鋒日記續(xù)寫雷鋒日記”活動(dòng)。請根據(jù)以下六幅圖的先后順序活動(dòng)。請根據(jù)以下六幅圖的先后順序, 將你所做的一件好事及感受以日記形式記述下來將你所做的一件好事及感受以日記形式記述下來, 向校報(bào)投稿。向校報(bào)投稿。 注意注意: 日記的開頭已為你寫好日記的開頭已為你寫好, 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié), 使故事使故事連貫連貫, 詞數(shù)詞數(shù)120個(gè)左右。個(gè)左右。 生詞生詞: calling card名片名片Saturday, June 2FineOne day, on my way home after school, _【參考范文參考范文】Saturday, June 2 Fine One day, on my way home after school, suddenly I found a wallet lying in the street near the No. 323 Bus Stop. I picked up the wallet. What surprised me most was that I saw lots of money and a calling card in the wallet when I opened it. From the calling card I knew something about the owner. Immediately I realized I can get in touch with the owner. So I went to the public telephone and called the owner, telling her the matter. Then I waited at the bus stop. It was not long before the owner arrived, and I gave the wallet to her. So excited and thankful to me was the owner that she took out a 100-yuan-note to reward me. But I politely refused it. I took pride in what I did that day! 2上圖是一幅山羊搶吃青草的圖片上圖是一幅山羊搶吃青草的圖片, 請按照提示內(nèi)容完成寫請按照提示內(nèi)容完成寫作。作。 1. 兩只羊只顧自己吃草兩只羊只顧自己吃草; 2. 合作合作(cooperation)比沖突比沖突(conflict)好好; 3. 你的觀點(diǎn)。你的觀點(diǎn)。注意注意: 詞數(shù)詞數(shù)120個(gè)左右個(gè)左右, 可以適當(dāng)發(fā)揮想象可以適當(dāng)發(fā)揮想象, 使上下文連貫。使上下文連貫?！緟⒖挤段膮⒖挤段摹?In the picture, two goats are tied to each other with a rope. They see some grass in the opposite directions, and try to pull to get their own food. They are unsuccessful because the rope is too short to allow them to eat the food at the same time. The picture tries to tell us that cooperation is better than conflict. Both of the goats want to eat the food at the same time, which has formed conflict between them. However, if they decide to cooperate and eat the grass on the left first, and then the grass on the right, they will both get their food. Therefore, in my opinion, we should always remember that only cooperation will benefit everyone in life. 熱點(diǎn)考向熱點(diǎn)考向 3 圖表作文圖表作文 1. 命題特點(diǎn)命題特點(diǎn)(1)體裁上多以議論文和說明文為主。體裁上多以議論文和說明文為主。(2)根據(jù)圖表的呈現(xiàn)方式不同根據(jù)圖表的呈現(xiàn)方式不同, 可分為柱狀圖、曲線圖、數(shù)字表可分為柱狀圖、曲線圖、數(shù)字表格和餅狀圖四類。柱狀圖多要求學(xué)生通過柱狀圖圖中數(shù)據(jù)和格和餅狀圖四類。柱狀圖多要求學(xué)生通過柱狀圖圖中數(shù)據(jù)和提示內(nèi)容寫一篇短文提示內(nèi)容寫一篇短文, 屬于比較、對照類屬于比較、對照類, 也可根據(jù)提示寫成也可根據(jù)提示寫成議論文。曲線圖常用來表示事物的變化發(fā)展趨勢議論文。曲線圖常用來表示事物的變化發(fā)展趨勢, 其特點(diǎn)是信其特點(diǎn)是信息集中息集中, 一目了然。數(shù)字表格是以表格形式一目了然。數(shù)字表格是以表格形式, 將統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)或?qū)⒔y(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)或被說明的事物直接用表格形式體現(xiàn)出來被說明的事物直接用表格形式體現(xiàn)出來, 即統(tǒng)計(jì)表。餅狀圖則即統(tǒng)計(jì)表。餅狀圖則是以圓內(nèi)扇形的大小表示總體內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。是以圓內(nèi)扇形的大小表示總體內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。2. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵(1)開門見山開門見山, 點(diǎn)明主題。點(diǎn)明主題。點(diǎn)明圖表所反映的主題或問卷、民意調(diào)查的結(jié)果或點(diǎn)明點(diǎn)明圖表所反映的主題或問卷、民意調(diào)查的結(jié)果或點(diǎn)明你要展開闡述的話題。你要展開闡述的話題。(2)呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù), 分析原因。分析原因。呈現(xiàn)調(diào)查所得數(shù)據(jù)、結(jié)果呈現(xiàn)調(diào)查所得數(shù)據(jù)、結(jié)果, 闡明必要的理由或原因闡明必要的理由或原因; 或分或分析數(shù)據(jù)間的主要差異及趨勢。要特別注意層次。一定要注意析數(shù)據(jù)間的主要差異及趨勢。要特別注意層次。一定要注意篩選出能說明圖表主題思想的典型數(shù)據(jù)篩選出能說明圖表主題思想的典型數(shù)據(jù); 圖表和數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容不必圖表和數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容不必全部描述全部描述, 要突出重點(diǎn)要突出重點(diǎn), 抓住圖表中的極端。例如抓住圖表中的極端。例如: 最大或最小、最大或最小、最多或最少、最好或最差。要善于抓住總的規(guī)律、趨勢最多或最少、最好或最差。要善于抓住總的規(guī)律、趨勢, 歸納歸納增減率。增減率。(3)歸納總結(jié)或發(fā)表評論。歸納總結(jié)或發(fā)表評論。如果這篇文章講的是一個(gè)令人擔(dān)憂的問題如果這篇文章講的是一個(gè)令人擔(dān)憂的問題, 那么最后一段那么最后一段寫解決辦法的可能性最大。如果這篇文章講的是一個(gè)好的變寫解決辦法的可能性最大。如果這篇文章講的是一個(gè)好的變化化, 那么最后一段很可能是兩種情況那么最后一段很可能是兩種情況可能寫負(fù)面的影響或可能寫負(fù)面的影響或存在的問題存在的問題, 也可能寫未來的趨勢或發(fā)展方向。也可能寫未來的趨勢或發(fā)展方向。 此外此外, 寫作時(shí)還要注意切忌寫成寫作時(shí)還要注意切忌寫成“填表題填表題”, “一對一直一對一直譯譯”, “句式單一句式單一”, 遺漏遺漏“間接要點(diǎn)間接要點(diǎn)”, 應(yīng)巧妙組合信息。應(yīng)巧妙組合信息。3. 寫作素材寫作素材(1)常用句式常用句式a. 描述圖表中的變化與發(fā)展趨勢。描述圖表中的變化與發(fā)展趨勢?？焖偕仙焖偕仙? rise(increase/go up)sharply(rapidly/quickly/dramatically)緩慢下降緩慢下降: decrease(reduce/come down/decline/drop/fall)slowly(gradually)b. 闡述事實(shí)的句式。闡述事實(shí)的句式。There was a great/slight increase/rise in. . . 在在方面劇增方面劇增/略有漲幅。略有漲幅。There has been a sudden/slow/rapid fall/drop in. . . 在在方面驟降方面驟降/下降緩慢下降緩慢/迅速下降。迅速下降。It is 20% lower/higher than. . . 比比低低/高高20%。The number/rate had nearly doubled, as against that of last year. 與去年相比與去年相比, 這個(gè)數(shù)字這個(gè)數(shù)字/比例增長了近一倍。比例增長了近一倍。The number is . . . times as much as that of. . . 這個(gè)數(shù)字是這個(gè)數(shù)字是的的倍。倍。It increases/rises/decreases/reduces by . . . %/two thirds. 增長增長/降低了降低了%/三分之二。三分之二。By comparison with. . . , it decreased(fell)/increased from. . . to. . . 和和相比相比, 從從減少減少/增加到增加到It is obvious from the graph/chart that. . . rank the first/highest, while. . . turn out to be the lowest. 圖中清楚顯示圖中清楚顯示是排在第一位是排在第一位/最高的最高的, 而而結(jié)果最低。結(jié)果最低。A, which accounts for. . . %, ranks the first; next in line is B with. . . %, followed by C, making up. . . %, finally D, at. . . %. A排在第一排在第一, 占占%, 緊接著是緊接著是B, 占占%, 跟著是跟著是C, 占占%, 最后是最后是D, 占占%。c. 表述原因的句式。表述原因的句式。The reason why/ for. . . is that. . . 的原因是的原因是One may think of the change as a result of. . . 人們可能把這種變化認(rèn)為是人們可能把這種變化認(rèn)為是的結(jié)果。的結(jié)果。The change in. . . largely results from the fact that. . . 在在上的變化很大程度上是由上的變化很大程度上是由的事實(shí)造成的。的事實(shí)造成的。(2)黃金模板黃金模板 As is shown by the figure/percentage in the table/picture, has been on rise/decrease, significantly/dramatically rising/decreasing from 數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)字1 in xx年年 to 數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)字2 in xx年年. From this sharp rise/decline in the chart, it goes without saying that根據(jù)數(shù)字變化得出的結(jié)論根據(jù)數(shù)字變化得出的結(jié)論. There are at least two good reasons accounting for要分析要分析的現(xiàn)象的現(xiàn)象. On the one hand, 原因原因1. On the other hand, 原因原因2 is due to the fact that要分析的現(xiàn)象要分析的現(xiàn)象. In addition, 原因原因3 is responsible for要分析的現(xiàn)象要分析的現(xiàn)象. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that作者作者的觀點(diǎn)或解決辦法的觀點(diǎn)或解決辦法. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded. (2012江蘇高考江蘇高考) 生活中沖突時(shí)有發(fā)生。假設(shè)你班同學(xué)蘇華和李江打籃球生活中沖突時(shí)有發(fā)生。假設(shè)你班同學(xué)蘇華和李江打籃球時(shí)發(fā)生爭執(zhí)時(shí)發(fā)生爭執(zhí), 導(dǎo)致關(guān)系緊張。請你結(jié)合此事導(dǎo)致關(guān)系緊張。請你結(jié)合此事, 并根據(jù)以下提示并根據(jù)以下提示, 用英語寫一篇短文用英語寫一篇短文, 向?qū)W校英文報(bào)向?qū)W校英文報(bào)“Happy Teens”專欄投稿。專欄投稿。簡要描述事情的簡要描述事情的經(jīng)過經(jīng)過打籃球、碰撞、爭執(zhí)等等打籃球、碰撞、爭執(zhí)等等分析發(fā)生沖突的分析發(fā)生沖突的原因原因1. 遇事不夠冷靜遇事不夠冷靜2. 談?wù)劚苊鉀_突的談?wù)劚苊鉀_突的做法做法(請考生根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)歷或感想請考生根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)歷或感想, 提出至提出至少兩種做法少兩種做法) 注意注意: 1. 對所有要點(diǎn)逐一陳述對所有要點(diǎn)逐一陳述, 適當(dāng)發(fā)揮適當(dāng)發(fā)揮, 不要簡單翻譯。不要簡單翻譯。 2. 詞數(shù)詞數(shù)150個(gè)左右。開頭已經(jīng)寫好個(gè)左右。開頭已經(jīng)寫好, 不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 3. 作文中不得提及有關(guān)考生個(gè)人身份的任何信息作文中不得提及有關(guān)考生個(gè)人身份的任何信息, 如校名、如校名、人名等。人名等。Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. _【審題審題】時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)人稱人稱第三人稱第三人稱they和第一人稱和第一人稱we結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)描述事情經(jīng)過描述事情經(jīng)過分析沖突原因分析沖突原因如何避免沖突如何避免沖突信息信息1. 在昨天下午的比賽當(dāng)中在昨天下午的比賽當(dāng)中, 蘇華和李江在搶球時(shí)因蘇華和李江在搶球時(shí)因相互碰撞而發(fā)生爭執(zhí)相互碰撞而發(fā)生爭執(zhí)2. 說實(shí)話說實(shí)話, 蘇華應(yīng)負(fù)主要責(zé)任蘇華應(yīng)負(fù)主要責(zé)任, 但是雙方都不夠冷靜但是雙方都不夠冷靜3. 他們太在乎輸贏了他們太在乎輸贏了, 其實(shí)在一場激烈的比賽中其實(shí)在一場激烈的比賽中, 身身體的碰撞是很自然的一件事情體的碰撞是很自然的一件事情4. 要避免類似的沖突發(fā)生要避免類似的沖突發(fā)生, 我們就要學(xué)會(huì)相互原諒我們就要學(xué)會(huì)相互原諒和遺忘和遺忘, 互相友好互相友好, 多考慮對方多考慮對方5. 總之總之, 作為中學(xué)生作為中學(xué)生, 我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)平靜地理智地處我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)平靜地理智地處理同學(xué)之間的矛盾和沖突理同學(xué)之間的矛盾和沖突1. 在昨天下午的籃球比賽當(dāng)中在昨天下午的籃球比賽當(dāng)中, 蘇華和李江在搶球時(shí)因相互碰蘇華和李江在搶球時(shí)因相互碰撞而發(fā)生爭執(zhí)。撞而發(fā)生爭執(zhí)。a. (一般表達(dá)一般表達(dá))During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other when they tried to catch the ball. b. (現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball. 2. 說實(shí)話說實(shí)話, 是蘇華的錯(cuò)是蘇華的錯(cuò), 但是李江也應(yīng)負(fù)一定的責(zé)任。但是李江也應(yīng)負(fù)一定的責(zé)任。a. (一般表達(dá)一般表達(dá))To be honest, it was Su Huas fault. Li Jiang was also to blame. b. (用連詞合并以上兩個(gè)句子用連詞合并以上兩個(gè)句子, 適當(dāng)增加連接上下文的銜接詞適當(dāng)增加連接上下文的銜接詞)To be honest, it was Su Huas fault but Li Jiang was also to blame. 3. 要避免這樣的沖突要避免這樣的沖突, 我們就應(yīng)該對他人友好我們就應(yīng)該對他人友好, 這一點(diǎn)對于享這一點(diǎn)對于享受和諧的生活是非常重要的。受和諧的生活是非常重要的。a. (一般表達(dá)一般表達(dá))To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another. This is essential to enjoy a harmonious life. b. (用定語從句合并上句用定語從句合并上句)To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoy a harmonious life. 4. 只有這樣我們才能與他人和諧相處。只有這樣我們才能與他人和諧相處。a. (一般表達(dá)一般表達(dá))We can live in harmony with others only in this way. b. (倒裝句倒裝句)Only in this way can we live in harmony with others. c. (unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句)We cant live in harmony with others unless we practise in this way. 【成篇成篇】 Conflicts with othe