閱讀理解之推理判斷題閱讀理解之推理判斷題 .命題分析命題分析 在閱讀中，如果文章作者運(yùn)用的語(yǔ)言比較直率，表達(dá)比較直截了當(dāng)，那么即便我在閱讀中，如果文章作者運(yùn)用的語(yǔ)言比較直率，表達(dá)比較直截了當(dāng)，那么即便我們僅僅理解其字面意思，也不會(huì)影響我們的理解。然而，大多數(shù)情況下，我們所讀的們僅僅理解其字面意思，也不會(huì)影響我們的理解。然而，大多數(shù)情況下，我們所讀的文章比較含蓄，作者經(jīng)常把需要我們理解的意思不直接表達(dá)出來(lái)，而期待我們?nèi)ヮI(lǐng)悟文章比較含蓄，作者經(jīng)常把需要我們理解的意思不直接表達(dá)出來(lái)，而期待我們?nèi)ヮI(lǐng)悟文章的內(nèi)在含義。這種情況下，如果我們只理解語(yǔ)言的字面意思，就會(huì)妨礙我們對(duì)文文章的內(nèi)在含義。這種情況下，如果我們只理解語(yǔ)言的字面意思，就會(huì)妨礙我們對(duì)文章真正內(nèi)涵的理解。我們只有通過(guò)作者所提供的信息，進(jìn)行推章真正內(nèi)涵的理解。我們只有通過(guò)作者所提供的信息，進(jìn)行推完形填空專題系列之（一）完形填空專題系列之（一）名師講座名師講座理、作出結(jié)論，才能達(dá)到真正理解文章的目的。在推理時(shí)，理、作出結(jié)論，才能達(dá)到真正理解文章的目的。在推理時(shí)，我們必須：我們必須：1理解文章的字面意義；理解文章的字面意義；2注意作者遣詞造句的特點(diǎn)，弄清詞的含蓄意義；注意作者遣詞造句的特點(diǎn)，弄清詞的含蓄意義；3時(shí)刻提醒自己，作者想讓我們推斷什么；時(shí)刻提醒自己，作者想讓我們推斷什么；4利用文章中明確表示的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)行推理，挖掘作者在利用文章中明確表示的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)行推理，挖掘作者在 文章中的隱含意義。文章中的隱含意義。推理判斷題的命題方式一般有：推理判斷題的命題方式一般有：We can infer from the passage that_The story suggests that_The writer of this passage intends to_The writers purpose of writing the passage is to_The passage is probably taken from_The writer of the passage considers it_Which of the following best describes the character of something?.技法指導(dǎo)技法指導(dǎo)1要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)。和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)。2要對(duì)文章的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工，由表入里，由淺要對(duì)文章的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工，由表入里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過(guò)分析、綜入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過(guò)分析、綜合、判斷，進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推理。合、判斷，進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推理。3要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知，推斷未知。不能主觀臆斷、憑空想象，更不足已知，推斷未知。不能主觀臆斷、憑空想象，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。4要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)。要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)。 推理判斷是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維活動(dòng)，但它并非無(wú)章可推理判斷是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維活動(dòng)，但它并非無(wú)章可循。關(guān)鍵是要對(duì)文章已給的信息進(jìn)行合理的分析判斷，做循。關(guān)鍵是要對(duì)文章已給的信息進(jìn)行合理的分析判斷，做到到“有理有據(jù)有理有據(jù)”?？忌鷳?yīng)主要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：。考生應(yīng)主要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(2012遼寧卷遼寧卷)If Confucius (孔子孔子) were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles.Hed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day，few people in the United States will give him a passing thought.Its nothing personal.Most Americans dont even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.以例說(shuō)法以例說(shuō)法But this doesnt mean that Americans dont care about Confucius.In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities.More recently，the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries.These schools teach both Chinese language and culture.The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history andphilosophy(哲學(xué)哲學(xué))Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy.Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese.So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States.Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well.Today China attracts the West more than ever ，and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West，even if his birthday is.64The opening paragraph is mainly intended to_Aprovide some key facts about ConfuciusBattract the readers interest in the subjectCshow great respect for the ancient thinkerDprove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations答案答案B提示：作者意圖題。利用要訣提示：作者意圖題。利用要訣7情感詞匯推情感詞匯推斷法。斷法。65We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students_ Ahave a great interest in studying Chinese Btake an active part in Chinese competitions Ctry to get high scores in Chinese exams Dfight for a chance to learn Chinese答案答案A提示：推理判斷題。利用要訣提示：推理判斷題。利用要訣1首尾定位首尾定位法。法。66What is the best title for the passage?AForgotten Wisdom in AmericaBHuge Fans of the Chinese LanguageCChinese Culture for WesternersDOld Thinker with a Big Future答案答案D提示：主旨大意題。利用要訣提示：主旨大意題。利用要訣2題干定位題干定位法。法。67The passage is likely to appear in_Aa biography Ba history paperCa newspaper Da philosophy textbook 答案答案C提示：推理判斷題。利用要訣提示：推理判斷題。利用要訣6演繹推理法演繹推理法和歸納推理法。和歸納推理法。